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Textbook Review: What is Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal condition and is a long-term chronic disease “characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage with hypertrophy of the underlying and adjacent bone” Without the articular cartilage providing a smooth surface for one bone to glide over another, it will cause stiffness, pain, and impaired movement. Osteoarthritis is related to age but associated with a variety of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender. Osteoarthritis is the major cause of disability in elderly populations. There are two types of osteoarthritis: primary …show more content…
It receives and interprets information from the external environment and initiates responses to the received information” (Linton, 2016) The neuron is the functional unit of the system, and it conducts electrical impulses within the nervous system. The nervous system is separated into 2 parts: central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS includes all the nerves in the peripheral parts of the body, including spinal and cranial nerves. Osteoarthritis does not affect this body system.
Osteoarthritis and Digestive System The digestive system consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder. Its main function is ingestion, digestion, and absorption of nutrients, salts, and water, and elimination of wastes. People with arthritis frequently develop constipation because they are not as active as they used to be or limit their fluid intake.
Osteoarthritis and Circulatory …show more content…
“The red blood cells in the body contain a protein molecule called hemoglobin. It helps transports oxygen to cells throughout the body. To maintain healthy skin, nails, and hair, iron is important. Osteoarthritis does not affect this body system.
Osteoarthritis and Endocrine and Immune System The endocrine system regulates hormones, body functions, such as development and growth, speed of cell function, muscle tone, and water and electrolyte balance. The immune system is the defense against foreign invaders, return of extracellular fluid to blood, and the formation of white blood cells. (Linton, 2016) “The thyroid gland which is part of the endocrine system delivers hormones into the bloodstream.” Osteoarthritis does not affect this body system.
Osteoarthritis and Respiratory System The respiratory system is the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen and regulation of hydrogen-ion concentration. This system is made up of the nose/mouth, trachea, and lungs. Osteoarthritis does not affect this body

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