...During the early stages of arthritis, visual inspection of the skeletal tissue can prove more effective in obtaining detailed information about changes in bony joints that may otherwise have gone undetected using other methods. Studies have shown that it is a difficult disease to measure because of the large number of areas to be examined which include each vertebra and all joint systems. Osteoarthritis is a disorder that results from cumulative physical wear and tear on the joints, especially those joints involved in movement from one place to another (for example the hip and leg joints) (Larsen 2003: 9). Arthritis can be observed on the bones by the deteriorating cartilage tissue that normally lines the ends of the bones (Larsen 2003:9). The result can be the direct rubbing of bone on bone within a joint and shows a polished bone surface. Palaeopahologists examine prehistoric skeletons and found that the common sites for polishing were on the ends of the femur and tibia especially in the knee joint and the ends of the radius and humerus especially in the elbow joints. Observing changes in degenerating...
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...Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions of people around the world and is one of the most common joint diseases in the older population (3). There is no current cure for osteoarthritis, but there are several treatments available to help reduce the pain associated with OA. Some of these current treatments include physical activity and exercise, physical and occupational therapy, acupuncture, vitamins and joint supplements, topical creams, NSAIDS, steroid injections, viscosupplementation, and surgery (1-2). But a relatively new biological treatment is being used as an option before major surgery. This treatment is the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP involves the use of one’s own body to promote the healing process in the affected...
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...Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease is the most common inflammatory joint disease and disability in the United States. It is referred to as the “wear and tear” of joints. Osteoarthritis is a disease of the entire diarthrodial joint, including the articular cartilage, synovium, joint capsule, and subchondral bone, including surrounding muscles, bone, and ligaments (Pharmacotherapy, p. 1599). Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, but often occur in knees, hip, lower back, and small joints of the fingers causing pain, swelling, tenderness, decrease range of motion, weakness, and joint instability. In osteoarthritis, cartilage, a firm, smooth, connective tissue that covers the ends of each bone lubricated by synovial fluid,...
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...Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder of the joints and is the most common joint disease, mainly affecting weight bearing joints such as the knee and hip. Typically thought to affect only the hyaline cartilage, it is now believed to affect the synovial fluid, subchondral bone, joint capsule and other joint tissues. The release of cytokines and metalloproteinases is believed to contribute to the excessive matrix degradation and resultant cartilage degeneration. As the disease progresses, proteoglycan levels drop, leading to loss of joint space, which can be seen on X- Ray. Other radiological features include subchondral cysts, sclerosis and osteophytes. THR was the surgical procedure of choice in this case. It is estimated that roughly 85% of patients who undergo THR have a diagnosis of OA, however patients with inflammatory arthritis, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and seronegative arthritides may also be candidates for the procedure. The indications for surgery are pain, functional limitation, stiffness and radiological changes. The procedure involves replacing the femoral head with a metal ball, which is secured with an intramedullary stem. A plastic cup replaces the damaged acetabulum, which articulates with the metal ball. The stem may be cemented or uncemented and there is on-going debate as to which is...
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...Osteoarthritis is a one of the most common forms of arthritis. It is known as a disease of the joints which “affects approximately 27 million Americans” (Arthritis Foundation). Osteoarthritis commonly affects joints in your hand, knees, back and hips but does not affect any of your organ. This disease gradually breaks down the cartilage in your joints, so when you move your bones rub against one another causing permeant damage to them. My mother and maternal grandma both have Osteoarthritis. For my mom, Osteoarthritis affects her joints in her arms and for my grandma it affects her joints around her knees, hips and back. According to the Arthritis Foundation, “although osteoarthritis was long believed to be caused by the “wear and tear” of...
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...Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. Osteoarthritis breaks down the cartilage inn your joints, when all the cartilage breaks down your bones start to rub together. Over time that the bones have been rubbing it has a permanent joint damage. Causes of osteoarthritis A person who get osteoarthritis is from being overweight, injuries, genes, older age, and gender role. Being overweight puts pressure on the hips and knees. Since you carry all that excessive weight it causes the cartilage to break down. If you get injured or tearing something it’s at risk of it become osteoarthritis. You can inherit genes of osteoarthritis if any of your family have it. Once you get older your bones and cartilage are not that stronger...
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...Resistance Training Therapy an Effective Treatment for Osteoarthritis? David C. Posey Greenville Technical College Abstract Osteoarthritis is a very common degenerative condition that affects tens of millions of Americans with treatment options varying from pain medicine management to surgical joint replacement. Because osteoarthritis is a chronic incurable disease, therapies using pharmacological methods are not always preferable due to side effects stemming from long term medicine use. Resistance training treatment is a potentially effective form of treatment, using resistance exercises to strengthen musculature surrounding the joint to alleviate stress on the joint. Several studies show significant improvement in pain management and...
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...Osteoarthritis (OA): Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss of the cartilage of one or more joints over time. Cartilage, a type of dense connective fibrous tissue, is a protein substance that serves as a ‘cushion’ between the bones of the joints. OA is due to destruction or decrease of synovial fluid that lubricates those joints. Cartilages are natural shock absorbers which cushion the joints. When the cartilages breakdown, the bones in the joints come into direct contact and that causes acute pain. Cartilages which are located inside the joints are composed of water soaked in a wet sponge like substance. The spongy part consists of several components. One such component is chondrocytes. These are cells that form new cartilages, as well as different molecules which impart the typical structure to the sponge and enable it to hold together....
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...Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition, is a long-term chronic disease involving the thinning of cartilage in joints which results in bones rubbing together, engendering stiffness and pain, which often results in impaired forms of kineticism. Osteoarthritis withal can damage ligaments, menisci, and muscles. Bone or cartilage fragments may float in the joint space, causing exasperation and pain. Bone spurs, or osteophytes, may additionally develop, causing adscititious pain and potentially damaging circumventing tissues. OA is cognate with age, but is associated with a variety of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender....
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...Osteoarthritis was first discovered in 1925 by Russell Cecil and Benjamin Archer.Russell Cecil was an orthopedic surgeon and Benjamin Archer was an physician. Cecil and Archer named the disease the “menopause arthritis”. Years later they change it to Osteoarthritis because it was not related to menopause at all,after further research. Now to what is Osteoarthritis is exactly. Osteoarthritis also called degenerative arthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. Basically the joint is no longer able to move without friction and severe pain. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, at least twenty-seven million Americans are affected by this disease. Around the age of eighty, mostly...
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...Textbook Review: What is Osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal condition and is a long-term chronic disease “characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage with hypertrophy of the underlying and adjacent bone” Without the articular cartilage providing a smooth surface for one bone to glide over another, it will cause stiffness, pain, and impaired movement. Osteoarthritis is related to age but associated with a variety of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender. Osteoarthritis is the major cause of disability in elderly populations. There are two types of osteoarthritis: primary...
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...Many people postpone a doctor visit to address knee or hip osteoarthritis. That happens because you believe it will end with joint replacement surgery, but that’s not always the case. “Exercise and weight loss are actually the first line of defense,” says Dr. Steven Barkson, director of the Sports Performance Center at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital. He also adds, that "It may help prevent the pain and prevent surgery”. Physical therapy is also the key technique in such a case... The main way to avoid an operational intrusion is strengthening the muscles that support your joints. The quadriceps in the front of the thigh and the hamstrings in the back are vital to knee strength. “Each time you walk or run or attempt anything...
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...Evaluation of MRI in diagnosing Osteoarthritis Clinical Presentation: A 65-year-old female presents to a primary care office with bilateral knee joint stiffness and pain that has been increasing for “some time.” She has a BMI of 30, and states the pain is worse upon movement, but becomes manageable with short rest. The patient states that the pain in her left knee is noticeably worse than her right knee. The patient is now retired but used worked at a bakery that required frequent bending and standing for long periods of time. Physical exam showed a lack of range of motion and revealed mild tenderness to palpation of knees. The patient denies pain upon palpation of surrounding tissue. The patient also denies any recent trauma or injury to her lower, but stated that she did tear her meniscus in her left knee about 15 years ago. PICO: In patients who have suspected knee osteoarthritis is an CT scan alone sufficient for diagnosis based on the specificity and sensitivity of the test....
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Search over 100,000 Essays Home Page » Business and Management Exercise 36 Questions to Be Graded In: Business and Management Exercise 36 Questions to Be Graded EXERCISE 36 Questions to be graded 1. The researchers found a significant difference between the two groups (control and treatment) for change in mobility of the women with osteoarthritis (OA) over 12 weeks with the results of F(1, 22) = 9.619, p = 0.005. Discuss each aspect of these results. * The F-value suggests that there is a significant difference between the results of the control and treatment groups. The P-value of 0.005 is < the alpha of 0.05. This suggest that the groups are significantly different and the null hypothesis should be rejected. 2. State the null hypothesis for the Baird and Sands (2004) study that focuses on the effect of the GI with PMR treatment on patients’ mobility level. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for the difference between the two groups in change in mobility scores over 12 weeks? Provide a rationale for your answer. * Treatment group mean = control group mean * With the p-value being < the alpha, the null hypothesis would be rejected indicating the difference in the mean mobility scores. 3. The researchers stated that the participants in the intervention group reported a reduction in mobility difficulty at week...
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...CAM Therapeutic Modalities Paper In today's world, there are many treatment methods for the different ailments people encounter. Although traditional medical practices are the predominant choice among Americans, many also use complimentary or alternative medicine (CAM) to treat certain conditions. According to NCCAM Clearinghouse (n.d.), CAM is defined as "a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine" (Defining CAM). In this paper alternative, complementary and integrative medicine will be defined and differentiated, and the role of conventional medicine in these medicines will be discussed. There will also be a comparison of the regulations and oversights in conventional and non-conventional medicine in the United States, a review of the CAM philosophy, and a description of the domains of therapies according to the NCCAM website. Finally, a CAM treatment modality within one of the domains will be described and evaluated. Alternative medicine is the use of CAM as a replacement for conventional medicine such as faith healing ("alternative medicine," 2014). Conventional medicine does not play a role in alternative medicine because the conventional methods are discarded for the alternative methods. "An example of an alternative therapy is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been recommended by a conventional doctor"...
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