...Osteomalacia What is osteomalcia Osteomalacia is a weakening of the bones due to problems with bone formation or the bone building process. This is totally different from osteoporosis, which is a weakening of living bone that has already been formed and is being remodeled. The most common cause of osteomalacia is a lack of vitamin D in the body. This is called osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children. (Tidy, 2012) Role of Vitamin D Vitamin D works together with calcium to protect your bones.—calcium helps build and maintain bones; while vitamin D helps your body effectively absorbs calcium. So even if there is a great intake of calcium in the diet, it could be going to waste if there is a deficient in vitamin D. It also helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels for proper bone formation. It is made within the skin from exposure to UV (ultraviolet) rays in sunlight, and it can also be absorbed from foods such as dairy products and fish. (Case-lo, 2012) When there is a low level of vitamin D in the body this mean that it cannot process calcium for use in bones to give them structural strength. This can be as a result from either a problem with diet, lack of sunlight exposure, or a problem with the intestines. In most cases if the is a surgery done to remove parts of...
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...Osteomalacia, a metabolic disease of calcium and phosphate 20 November 2015 Osteomalacia is decreased mineralisation of the bone caused by a deficiency of calcium serum in the blood, vitamin D, or a phosphorous deficiency. The body needs calcium serum for skeletal bone health as well as muscle and neuron action potential. Without enough calcium serum in the blood, the body responds by absorbing it from the small intestine, mobilizing calcium from the bones, and reabsorbing it from the kidneys (DeLuca, 2014). If the there is not enough calcium in the diet, the only source of calcium is the skeletal bones which leads to bone softening and weakening resulting in fragile bones prone to fractures. Osteomalacia can be indirectly caused...
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...Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is a condition in which bones are poorly mineralized and includes a number of disorders. The word osteomalacia literally means soft bones (osteo = bones; malacia = soft). Poor bone mineralization means that calcium salts are not properly deposited after production of the osteoid. Osteoid is the organic portion of bone before mineralization. It is composed of collagenous fibers and amorphous ground substance. Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus are all needed for mineralization and bone strength. The absence of these three predisposes the development of osteomalacia. There are several causes of osteomalacia although the most common cause is vitamin D deficiency. The deficiency may be, in part, due to lack of sunlight...
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...BLOOMING PROSPECTS OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS Ashish Mishra1, T.R. Genitha2 1. B. Tech. Food Tech Student, 2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Food Process Engg, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007 Corresponding author: genithaimmanuel@yahoo.co.in Introduction The tenet "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food," espoused by Hippocrates nearly 2,500 years ago, is receiving renewed interest, now popularly used for Functional foods. The term functional foods was first introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and refers to processed foods containing ingredients that aid specific bodily functions in addition to being nutritious. The Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board (IOM/FNB, 1994), Japan defined functional foods as "any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional nutrients it contains." Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition due to certain physiologically active components, which may or may not have been manipulated or modified to enhance their bioactivity. These foods may help prevent disease, reduce the risk of developing disease, or enhance health. Rapid advances in food science and technology, an aging population, the rapid rise in health care costs, and changing government marketing and labeling regulations have also had an impact on the functional foods market. Functional foods have been...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed ne. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. is woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “ e Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II Skin Pigmentation and...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I – Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed fine. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. This woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “The Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page 1 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II – Skin Pigmentation...
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...July 2002 • NREL/TP-550-30769 A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants L. Edwards and P. Torcellini National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 July 2002 • NREL/TP-550-30769 A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants L. Edwards and P. Torcellini Prepared under Task No. BEC2.4002 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States...
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...FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING * Think about it… * ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ * Is represented as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 * Then: * H-A-R-D-W-O-R-K * 8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98% * K-N-O-W-L-E-D-G-E * 11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96 % * A-T-T-I-T-U-D-E * 1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100 % * And look how far the love of God will take you * L-O-V-E-O-F-G-O-D * 12+15+22+5+15+6+7+15+4=101 % NURSING * Is the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and change or cope with environment. It is the complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Major Nursing Goals * Promotive – an action or measures designed to support behavior conducive to health * Preventive – any actions or measures designed to protect individuals, families, groups, communities from harm to their health * Curative – any actions or measures designed to correct or remove disease or any illness. * Rehabilitative – any actions or measures designed to restore health and promote recovery from any alteration of health Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses: * Caregiver – helping clients promote, restore, and maintain dignity, health and wellness * Communicator/Helper – central role of nurses in identifying needs of the client * Educator/Teacher – involves nursing activities, health promotion, the primary concern * Counselor – providing emotional, intellectual and psychological...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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...------------------------------------------------- KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,KUMASI. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- SCHOOL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- BIRTHWEIGHT OF NEWBORNS IN RELATION TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE ATWIMA NWABIAGYA DISTRICT OF ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ------------------------------------------------- KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI IN ------------------------------------------------- PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ------------------------------------------------- PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH) DEGREE IN POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Nutrition: A Handbook for Community Nurses JUDY BUTTRISS SARA STANNER AMANDA WYNNE WHURR PUBLISHERS Nutrition A Handbook for Community Nurses This page intentionally left blank Nutrition A Handbook for Community Nurses JUDY BUTTRISS PhD, SRD, RPHNutr Science Director, British Nutrition Foundation AMANDA WYNNE BSc, MSc, PGDipDiet, SRD and SARA STANNER BSc(Hons), MSc, RPHNutr Nutrition Scientist British Nutrition Foundation SERIES EDITOR MARILYN EDWARDS BSC(Hons), SRN, FETC Specialist Practitioner, General Practice Nursing, Bilbrook Medical Centre, Staffordshire W WHURR PUBLISHERS LONDON AND PHILADELPHIA © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd First published 2001 by Whurr Publishers Ltd 19b Compton Terrace London N1 2UN England and 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia PA 19106 USA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Whurr Publishers Limited. This publication is sold subject to the conditions that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed upon any subsequent purchaser. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue...
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...Sydney Institute of Interpreting & Translating Address: Suite 206, 4 Goulburn Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia Tel : 61 2 9283 5759 Fax: 61 2 9264 2380 E-mail: info@siit.nsw.edu.au Passage 1: Scenario: An international conference on issues relating to elderly people needs this passage translated into Chinese for session papers. Medicine and law and the euthanasia debate 医学、法律与安乐死争议 Medicine and law are the main social institutions at the heart of the euthanasia debate. Where euthanasia is legalised, doctors have the problematic gate-keeping role as the arbiters of terminal illness, deciding how terminal it is, administering pain relief and treatment and ultimately, depending on the legislation adopted, prescribing or delivering terminal medication. Medicine shares this gate-keeping role with the law, which serves a regulating and restraining function, providing safeguards for both doctors and individuals. The many safeguards required in most versions of euthanasia legislation, covering issues such as the meaning of terminal illness and suffering, the patient's decision-making capacity, the interpretation of intention and coercion, the availability of alternative relief, the responsibilities of medical professionals and provision for scrutiny of doctors' decisions, underline the complexity of the issue. A strong view put forward by antieuthanasia advocates is that the very soul of medicine is placed on trial by euthanasia and that doing harm to medicine...
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...e eBook Collection Scientific American-Psychology Appendix Ch01 This is a Protected PDF document. Please enter your user name and password to unlock the text. User Name: Password: Unlock Remember my user name and password. If you are experiencing problems unlocking this document or you have questions regarding Protectedpdf files please contact a Technical Support representative: In the United States: 1-877-832-4867 In Canada: 1-800-859-3682 Outside the U.S. and Canada: 1-602-387-2222 Email: technicalsupport@apollogrp.edu. molempien kuninkaasta pantiin rakenna suunnilleen valmiita kannatusta tunne vanhurskaus ranskan laupeutensa etko riitaa jutussa koyhaa huuto referenssit palvelijan seuduilla kuluu ainakin luulivat tuomari varmistaa vuoriston kansoihin poydan persian kommunismikerralla sinkut jokilaakson tekojaan uskovia kohtuullisen maara ostan kaytetty muidenkin hopeaa ylos eloon tavoin persian toimittaa saapuu totuuden kaytosta osoittamaan pelastuksen hanta palvelijasi toivonsa seitsemaksi juoda lahettanytrunsaasti osan julistan muutakin riemuitkaa mieleen samaan mielipiteesi galileastaoleellista valitus pienta pientapaattavat jo hehku hyvasteli hengella isieni joihin tasangon menevat kansaansa sano ratkaisuja kirjuri selaimilla tahdet kapitalismin hekin pahempia tuot sijasta kyllin hyvaan suomen liittyvista keskuuteenne etujen uskottavuus pysytteli tunnustanut tulkintoja lammasta sovitusmenot tahdot elaimet onkos keneltakaan otetaan silmansa laillista puhumme...
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...Advance concept of nursing I Unit 1 Nursing process The nursing process is an organized sequence of problem solving steps used to identify and to manage the health problems of clients .The nursing process is the framework for nursing care in all health care settings.When nursing practice follows the nursing process, clients receive quality care in minimal time with maximal efficiency. The steps of nursing process 1)Assesment 2)Diagnosis 3)Planning 4)Implementation 5)Evaluation Assessment An RN uses a systematic, dynamic way to collect and analyze data about a client, the first step in delivering nursing care. Assessment includes not only physiological data, but also psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, economic, and life-style factors as well. For example, a nurse’s assessment of a hospitalized patient in pain includes not only the physical causes and manifestations of pain, but the patient’s response—an inability to get out of bed, refusal to eat, withdrawal from family members, anger directed at hospital staff, fear, or request for more pain mediation. Diagnosis The nursing diagnosis is the nurse’s clinical judgment about the client’s response to actual or potential health conditions or needs. The diagnosis reflects not only that the patient is in pain, but that the pain has caused other problems such as anxiety, poor nutrition, and conflict within the family, or has the potential to cause complications—for example, respiratory infection is a potential hazard...
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