...Jones: Introduction To Business: How Companies III. A Functional Approach to Business 12. Operations and Materials Management: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007 Create Value for People Managing the Production and Flow of Goods and CHAPTER 12 Operations and Materials Management: Managing the Production and Flow of Goods and Services Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Describe the nature of the operations and materials management process and explain how it can create a competitive advantage for a company. 2. Identify the five main components of operations and materials management costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. 3. Differentiate between the three major kinds of operating systems companies use to produce goods and services. 4. Understand the way total quality management can significantly improve both quality and productivity. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT Flour, eggs, sugar, baking powder, chocolate, and shortening don’t create much excitement when they are in the kitchen cupboard. They create a lot more excitement when someone transforms them into a cake. Whether it’s a cake, a computer, or a legal docu- ment, operations and materials management processes create value in a household or a company. A company’s operations require inputs such as raw materials or parts and the skilled people and equip- ment to transform them into useful products...
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...LEB Exam 2 Review Cases: * In re Sept. 11 Litigation (S.D.N.Y. 2003) (Class action lawsuit) – Negligence – Duty of Care * Families of people who died in the attack sued American Airlines and Aviation security companies who were responsible for on-the-ground security in the Boston airport on 9/11 * Argued that they were carless in screening passengers * D’s defense: no duty to the victims in New York because this type of event has never happened in the past * Verdict: Not dismissed * When a plane is hijacked, it is reasonably foreseeable that the plane may crash, making passengers AND OTHERS AT THE CRASH SITE reasonably foreseeable victims * Not overly burdensome (Factor 6) to impose duty because D is in the business of moving people SAFELY from place to place * Otis Engineering Co. vs. Clark (Tex. 1983) – Negligence Duty of Care * Two women killed by drunk driver (he worked for Otis and was sent home because he was drunk at work) * Is there a duty to control the conduct of another? * General rule: No (usually when employees are not following through with company practices, company not held responsible) * Exception: Employer’s exercise of control over INCAPICTATED employee = employer must do what reasonably careful employer would do under similar circumstances * Duty of reasonable care generally does not include a duty to control the activities of others to prevent the employee...
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.... Chapter Failure prevention and recovery 19 Eurotunnel response team during one of their regular patrols in the tunnel Source: Eurotunnel Introduction One obvious way of improving operations performance is by preventing failure. Failure is rarely unimportant, but in some operations it is vital that processes do not fail. Failure in aircraft in flight, for example, or electricity supplies to hospitals, or car seat belts, or the emergency services can be literally fatal. For these operations dependability is not just desirable, it is essential. Even in less critical situations, having dependable processes can give a competitive advantage. But no process is perfect and failures will occur. So it is important that we learn from all failures and have plans in place which help them recover and minimize their effects. Figure 19.1 shows how this chapter fits into the operation’s improvement activities. Operations strategy Failure prevention and recovery Operations process improvement makes processes better Design Operations management Improvement Total quality management organizes process improvement Planning and control Failure prevention and recovery stops processes becoming worse Topic covered in this chapter Figure 19.1 This chapter covers failure prevention and recovery . 618 Part Four Improvement Key questions I I I I I ??? Why do operations fail? How is failure measured? How can failure and potential failure be...
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...Analysis of the Anheuser-Busch Company Report by Valanium Analysts: Chris Rigopulos, John Schneider, Jayne Tan Investment Recommendation: MARKET PERFORM December 5, 2001 BUD – NYSE (11/30/01) 52 week range Revenue (2001E) Market Capitalization Share Outstanding $43.10 $36.75 – $49.00 $14.9B $38.2 B 884.3M EPS Forecast (FYE 12/30) EPS Ratios Trailing P/E Forward P/E Leading PEG M/B Price/Sales 1999A 2000A 2001E 2002E $1.49 $1.71 $1.89 $2.09 Dividend Yield 1.67% Avg. Daily Trading Volume (3mo) 2.13M Book Value per Share (mrq) Return of Equity (ttm) Return on Assets (ttm) Est. 5 Years EPS Growth Rate Sector: Consumer/Non-Cyclical Industry: Beverages (Alcoholic) $4.83 40.39% 10.71% 11.0% BUD 23.2 20.6 1.87 8.93 3.11 Competitors Avg. 17.4 15.9 1.37 3.10 1.21 Valuation Predictions Actual Current Price Trailing P/E Valuation Leading P/E Valuation PEG Valuation M/B Valuation Price/Sales Valuation EBO (Abnormal Earnings) Valuation DCF Valuation Performance (Trailing, Annualized) Return on BUD Return on S&P 500 Return on Competitors $43.10 $32.38 $33.24 $31.48 $14.95 $16.73 $19.25 $46.87 6 mo -2.1% 18.3% - 2.9% 12 mo 24 mo -7.4% 9.9% -13.4% -10.3% 2.1% 8.9% Source: finance.yahoo.com, Valanium analysis • • Our valuations reflect a range of predictions, all falling below the current price point with the exception of the DCF estimate. However, we believe that A-B’s brand value and domestic presence are not captured within the accounting numbers...
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...several sections. Table 15-1 Elements of Organizational Structure 15.2 What are the major elements of an organizational structure? WORK SPECIALIZATION. Work specialization is the way in which tasks in an organization are divided into separate jobs. In some organizations, this categorization is referred to as a company’s division of labor. How many tasks does any one employee perform? To some degree, work specialization is a never-ending trade-off among productivity, flexibility, and worker motivation. Take an assembly line worker at Ford as an example. Henry Ford was perhaps the earliest (and clearly most well-known) believer in high degrees of work specialization. He divided tasks among his manufacturing employees to such a degree that each employee might only perform one single task, over and over again, all day long. Having only one task to perform allowed those employees to be extremely productive at doing that one thing. It also meant that training new workers was much easier when replacements were needed. However, there are trade-offs when organizations make jobs highly specialized. Highly specialized jobs can cause organizations to lose the ability associated with employees who can be flexible in what they do. By spending all their time performing specialized tasks well, employees fail to update or practice other skills. Accounting majors, for example, might specialize in taxes or auditing. Some larger companies might hire these graduates for their ability to do...
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...SIXTH EDITION STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN ACTION Mary Coulter Missouri State University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Stephanie Wall Senior Acquisitions Editor: April Cole Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Maggie Moylan Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Marketing Assistant: Gianna Sandri Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Creative Director: Blair Brown Senior Art Director: Kenny Beck Text Designer: LCI Design Cover Designer: LCI Design Cover Art: Svetoslav Iliev/Shutterstock.com Permission Specialist: Brooks Hill-Whilton Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Senior Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management and Composition: Integra Printer/Binder: RRD/Willard Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color Text Font: 10/12, Times LT Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights...
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...FOOD TOURISM AND THE CULINARY TOURIST ___________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University ___________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management ___________________________________ by Sajna S. Shenoy December 2005 Advisor: Dr. William C. Norman ABSTRACT The subject matter of this dissertation is food tourism or tourists’ participation in `food related activities at a destination to experience its culinary attributes. In addition, the culinary tourist or the tourist for whom food tourism is an important, if not primary, reason influencing his travel behavior, is its focus. The empirical objectives of this dissertation concerned identifying the underlying dimensions of food tourism, developing a conceptual framework that explains participation in food tourism, develop taxonomy of food tourists by segmenting the tourists based on their participation in food tourism, and finally identifying the variables that predict membership in these food tourist segments. The effect of sociodemographic variables on participation in food tourism, and their association with the food tourist segments were also examined. Further, all the findings were analyzed within the theoretical framework of the world culture theory of globalization and the cultural capital theory. Based on the survey responses of 341 tourists visiting...
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...RULE 101. SCOPE; DEFINITIONS (a) Scope. These rules apply to proceedings in United States courts. The specific courts and proceedings to which the rules apply, along with exceptions, are set out in Rule 1101. (b) Definitions. In these rules: (1) “civil case” means a civil action or proceeding; (2) “criminal case” includes a criminal proceeding; (3) “public office” includes a public agency; (4) “record” includes a memorandum, report, or data compilation; (5) a “rule prescribed by the Supreme Court” means a rule adopted by the Supreme Court under statutory authority; and (6) a reference to any kind of written material or any other medium includes electronically stored information. RULE 102. PURPOSE These rules should be construed so as to administer every proceeding fairly, eliminate unjustifiable expense and delay, and promote the development of evidence law, to the end of ascertaining the truth and securing a just determination. RULE 103. RULINGS ON EVIDENCE (a) Preserving a Claim of Error. A party may claim error in a ruling to admit or exclude evidence only if the error affects a substantial right of the party and: (1) if the ruling admits evidence, a party, on the record: (A) timely objects or moves to strike; and (B) states the specific ground, unless it was apparent from the context; or (2) if the ruling excludes evidence, a party informs the court of its substance by an offer of proof, unless the substance was apparent from the context. (b) Not Needing...
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...An Integrated Approach to Strategy Running Case Featuring Wal-Mart Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantage (Chapter 1) ● Working Conditions at Wal-Mart (Chapter 2) ● Wal-Mart’s Bargaining Power over Suppliers (Chapter 3) ● Human Resource Strategy and Productivity at Wal-Mart (Chapter 4) ● How Wal-Mart Became a Cost Leader (Chapter 5) ● Wal-Mart’s Global Expansion (Chapter 6) ● WalMart Internally Ventures a New Kind of Retail Store (Chapter 8) ● Sam Walton’s Approach to Implementing Wal-Mart’s Strategy (Chapter 9) Strategy in Action Features A Strategic Shift at Microsoft (Chapter 1) ● The Agency Problem at Tyco (Chapter 2) ● Circumventing Entry Barriers into the Soft Drink Industry (Chapter 3) ● Learning Effects in Cardiac Surgery (Chapter 4) ● How to Make Money in the Vacuum Tube Business (Chapter 5) ● The Evolution of Strategy at Procter & Gamble (Chapter 6) ● Diversification at 3M: Leveraging Technology (Chapter 7) ● News Corp’s Successful Acquisition Strategy (Chapter 8) ● How to Flatten and Decentralize Structure (Chapter 9) Practicing Strategic Management Application-based activities intended to get your students thinking beyond the book. Small-Group Exercises Short experiential exercises that ask students to coordinate and collaborate on group work focused on an aspect of strategic management. Exploring the Web Internet exercises that require students to explore company websites and answer chapter-related questions. Designing a Planning System (Chapter 1) Evaluating...
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...An Integrated Approach to Strategy Running Case Featuring Wal-Mart Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantage (Chapter 1) ● Working Conditions at Wal-Mart (Chapter 2) ● Wal-Mart’s Bargaining Power over Suppliers (Chapter 3) ● Human Resource Strategy and Productivity at Wal-Mart (Chapter 4) ● How Wal-Mart Became a Cost Leader (Chapter 5) ● Wal-Mart’s Global Expansion (Chapter 6) ● WalMart Internally Ventures a New Kind of Retail Store (Chapter 8) ● Sam Walton’s Approach to Implementing Wal-Mart’s Strategy (Chapter 9) Strategy in Action Features A Strategic Shift at Microsoft (Chapter 1) ● The Agency Problem at Tyco (Chapter 2) ● Circumventing Entry Barriers into the Soft Drink Industry (Chapter 3) ● Learning Effects in Cardiac Surgery (Chapter 4) ● How to Make Money in the Vacuum Tube Business (Chapter 5) ● The Evolution of Strategy at Procter & Gamble (Chapter 6) ● Diversification at 3M: Leveraging Technology (Chapter 7) ● News Corp’s Successful Acquisition Strategy (Chapter 8) ● How to Flatten and Decentralize Structure (Chapter 9) Practicing Strategic Management Application-based activities intended to get your students thinking beyond the book. Small-Group Exercises Short experiential exercises that ask students to coordinate and collaborate on group work focused on an aspect of strategic management. Exploring the Web Internet exercises that require students to explore company websites and answer chapter-related questions. Designing a Planning System (Chapter 1) Evaluating...
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...PART 2 The Global Marketing Environment CHAPTER 2 The Global Economic Environment Case 2-1 The Global Economic Crisis I n his 1997 book One World, Ready or Not, William Greider described the United States as “the buyer of last resort.” Greider explained that, for many years, the United States was the only nation that was willing to absorb production surpluses exported by companies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Greider asked: “Who will buy the surpluses when the United States cannot?” The conventional wisdom has long held that strong spending by consumers in other nations would keep the world economy humming. However, by 2008, Greider’s question was taking on a new urgency and the conventional wisdom was being tested. An economic crisis that had its roots in lax subprime mortgage lending practices began to spread around the globe. In the United States, where the crisis began, economic misery was widespread: The housing market collapsed, real estate values plummeted, credit tightened, and job growth slowed (see Exhibit 2-1). As the price of oil passed the $100 per barrel benchmark, the average price of a gallon of gasoline rose to $4. American consumers were, indeed, less willing and less able to buy. However, the crisis was not confined to the United States alone. Consumer-goods exporters in Asia, which Exhibit 2-1: The bursting of the global real estate bubble was only one aspect of the worst recession in decades. The ripple effects from the economic...
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...CONNECT FEATURES Interactive Applications Interactive Applications offer a variety of automatically graded exercises that require students to apply key concepts. Whether the assignment includes a click and drag, video case, or decision generator, these applications provide instant feedback and progress tracking for students and detailed results for the instructor. Case Exercises The Connect platform also includes author-developed case exercises for all 12 cases in this edition that require students to work through answers to assignment questions for each case. These exercises have multiple components and can include: calculating assorted financial ratios to assess a company’s financial performance and balance sheet strength, identifying a company’s strategy, doing five-forces and driving-forces analysis, doing a SWOT analysis, and recommending actions to improve company performance. The content of these case exercises is tailored to match the circumstances presented in each case, calling upon students to do whatever strategic thinking and strategic analysis is called for to arrive at a pragmatic, analysis-based action recommendation for improving company performance. eBook Connect Plus includes a media-rich eBook that allows you to share your notes with your students. Your students can insert and review their own notes, highlight the text, search for specific information, and interact with media resources. Using an eBook with Connect Plus gives your...
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...Insights into the Food, Beverage, and Consumer Products Industry GMA Overview of Industry Economic Impact, Financial Performance, and Trends The Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) represents the world’s leading branded food, beverage, and consumer products companies. Since 1908, GMA has been an advocate for its members on public policy issues and has championed initiatives to increase industrywide productivity and growth. GMA member companies employ more than 2.5 million workers in all 50 states and account for more than $680 billion in global annual sales. The association is led by a board of member company chief executives. For more information, visit the GMA website at www.gmabrands.com The Food Products Association (FPA) is the largest trade association serving the food and beverage industry in the United States and worldwide. FPA’s laboratory centers, scientists, and professional staff provide technical and regulatory assistance to member companies and represent the food industry on scientific and public policy issues involving food safety, food security, nutrition, consumer affairs, and international trade. For more information, visit FPA’s website at www.fpa-food.org The member firms of the PricewaterhouseCoopers network (www.pwc.com) provide industry-focused assurance, tax, and advisory services to build public trust and enhance value for its clients and their stakeholders. More than 130,000 people in 148 countries across our network work collaboratively...
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...Marketing Management, Millenium Edition Philip Kotler Custom Edition for University of Phoenix Excerpts taken from: A Framework for Marketing Management, by Philip Kotler Copyright © 2001by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Marketing Management Millenium Edition, Tenth Edition, by Philip Kotler Copyright © 2000 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Compilation Copyright © 2002 by Pearson Custom Publishing. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Custom Publishing Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0–536–63099-2 BA 993095 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02116 A Pearson Education Company SECTION ONE Understanding Marketing Management Marketing in...
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...MBA In A Day What You Would Learn at Top-Tier Business Schools (If You Only Had the Time!) Steven Stralser, Ph.D. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TLFeBOOK More Praise for MBA In A Day® “Steve Stralser is a unique talent. It is unusual to meet people who are both highly professional as well as generous with their knowledge. Not only is Professor Stralser’s advice invaluable for business professionals, but those in the arts who are more focused on their creative endeavors would benefit from reading MBA In A Day® to help strengthen their business skills.” —Bobi Leonard, CEO, Arcara Enterprises, Inc. “Steve’s book is a valuable asset to anyone needing to avoid the pitfalls of business, be they a small business owner, a physician, a lawyer, or just about anyone who deals with business. Just because you have not had the opportunity to study for a formal MBA, why be at a disadvantage in the business world? In just a few days of quality reading time you will level the playing field. Let your own brainpower do the rest.” —George Reiss, MD, Clinical Instructor, Mayo Clinic; Eye Physician, Phoenix Coyotes Professional Hockey Club “Professor Stralser’s MBA In A Day® contains insights that are incredibly valuable for any entrepreneur obsessed with success. They provide quick access to sound practical thinking on the real-world business issues most likely to confront the busy start-up entrepreneur.” —Michael Hool, Partner, Rogers & Theobald, LLC; Chairman, Arizona...
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