Premium Essay

Outline and Asses the Three Measurements of Crime

In:

Submitted By Luesa21
Words 1365
Pages 6
Outline and asses the three measurements of crime
When measuring crime and deviance sociologist tend to look at the different types of ways that we can measure crime; this includes, Official statistics, Victim survey and lastly self report studies. Each of these methods focuses on very different things, they also have strong and weak points but by combining them, a possible general picture of crime and deviance could be drawn.
Firstly, official statistics show that public fear of being a victim of crime is rising. This stark difference between the level of crime and fear of crime has been attributed to the way of crime is reported in the media. Tabloid papers often use alarmist headlines about crime and deviance to grab the attention of readers causing a moral panic. It’s been argued that these exaggerate the chances of being victim of crime. Official statistics have strong points such as they are relatively cheap and readily available. They are published annually and they provide data on crime across the whole of the UK and also provide insight into regional differences in crime. This means that sociologists would be able to compare between different parts of the UK for example rural and urban areas. Positivist sociologists such as Functionalists are very supportive of the Official statistics; they see that this method of measuring crime is reliable, representative and valid. It also provides a true picture of the extent and nature of crime. However, this method does come with disadvantages. The official stats only records crime which are reported; meaning that they only reflect crimes known to the police which many sociologists would argue is unreliable. 19% of reported crimes are dismissed by forces across the country, with hundreds of rapes and violent offences wrongly recorded, with more than 200 rapes dismissed as ‘no crime’. This means that this method is

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Communication Technology

...Tutorials Summary . . . . INTRODUCTION Data collection methodology is a two credit unit first semester course available to first semester course available to students of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) Library and Information science. 4 Research involves data collection, any discipline of the social sciences, education and even the sciences needs a sound knowledge of research; how to conduct research, ethics of research and generally to write a report or design a study. The use and importance of research cannot be overemphasized. All students undergoing any form of degree programme is required to write a project, thesis or dissertation. This course offers a complete guide to such write ups including statistical techniques in sampling measurements and ethics of research. What you will learn in this course The course consist of units and a course guide which informs you briefly...

Words: 19411 - Pages: 78

Premium Essay

Dep Aasignment

...Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Human capital reporting An internal perspective a guide 1 – a CIPD guide for personnel professionals to help them identify, collate, analyse and communicate data on human capital Written by Jim Matthewman and Floriane Matignon of Mercer Human Resource Consulting Acknowledgements The document draws on the perspectives, experience and measurement methods set out in the recent book by Haig R. Nalbantian, Richard A. Guzzo, Dave Kieffer and Jay Doherty, Play to Your Strengths: Managing your internal labour markets for lasting competitive advantage (New York: McGraw Hill, 2004). We are grateful to members of the CIPD Human Capital Working Party who provided input and advice: Greg Aitken, Head of Employee Research and Measurement, Royal Bank of Scotland Group Ron Collard, Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers Andrew Mayo, Director, Mayo Learning International Tim Miller, Group Head of Human Resources, Standard Chartered Bank Tony Palmer, Head of the Marple Partnership Vicky Wright, Partner, Human Capital, Ernst & Young Human capital reporting Human capital reporting: an internal perspective 3 Human capital reprting Contents Preface 4 Introduction 6 Step 1 – Setting human capital management in context 10 Step 2 – Getting started: gathering and collating the data 21 Step 3 – Measuring human capital: tools and methodologies 27 Step 4 – Reporting the data:...

Words: 19595 - Pages: 79

Free Essay

National Integration and Tolerance

...National Integration and Tolerance in Georgia Introduction About this report This report draws on the results of a sociological survey, desk research, media monitoring and focus group meetings conducted in Georgia in 2006. It provides a review of the legislative framework governing the protection of persons belonging to national minorities in Georgia. It also analyses public perceptions that affect the life of these persons in Georgia as a whole and more specifically in areas where persons belonging to national minorities live in large numbers. The report was prepared in the framework of the National Integration and Tolerance in Georgia Program (NITG) by the research group of the implementing agency – the United Nations Association of Georgia (UNAG), Institute of Social Researchers (ISR) and BCG Research sociological agencies and was supported through consultation and training by the Freedom House. Purpose and Context of the Report NITG program is supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The overall goal of the program is to elaborate a National Integration Strategy and Action Plan (NISAP) on national minorities through participatory approach, to ensure legitimacy, sustainability and sense of ownership towards the document among key stakeholders. Through this process, Georgia will test innovative policies and contribute to the development of best practices as a part of a legally compliant strategy document. The project also aims to build...

Words: 43671 - Pages: 175

Free Essay

Wjec Py2 as Core Studies

...Core study 1 Asch 1955 : Aims and Context Summarise the aims and context of Asch’s 1955) research opinions and social pressure An individual is said to conform if they chose to study a course of action that is favoured by the majority or that is considered socially acceptable .When an individual is influenced by how the majority of people think this is considered socially acceptable Conformity is a form of social influence that results from exposure to the majority position , the tendency for people to adopt the behaviour, attitudes and values of other members of a reference groups, This was a study of conformity in an ambiguous situation ‘unclear’. Jenness asked students to guess how many beans there were in a jar,they were then asked to discuss in groups. Lastly they were asked to give their estimates again, individuals estimates tended to converge to the group norm.It seems reasonable that when in an ambiguous situation (were the answer isn't obvious ) we look to others to get some ideas about behaviour . Jenness's research is limited as he specifically asked participants to produce a group estimate rather than just observing if they would produce group estimates. Sherif conducted a similar investigation into responses to an ambiguous stimulus using the auto kinetic effect ( this is where a stationary spot of light projected on to a screen appears to move) Sherif told participants he was going to move the light , he asked the pp’s to estimate by how far the spotlight...

Words: 19710 - Pages: 79

Premium Essay

Local Government

...1.0 INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL GOVERMENT IN MALAYSIA Local government is the grass-root in the government hierarchy of Malaysia. There are three branches of government in Malaysia, namely Federal, State and Local. The position of local government in Malaysia is stated in Federal Constitution. By virtue of items 4 and 5 of Ninth Schedule of Federal Constitution, local government outside the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya (latest) is a subject under the State List. All local authorities outside the Federal Territories directly under the exclusive jurisdiction of States Government. This mean local State Government have wide powers to control the local authorities and to ensure their effectiveness and efficient. 1.1 Definitions Local government can be defined as follows: Local Government is subsystem operating within or among a number of other subsystems. Higher government gave its one body handled on local issues that represent the power whether from federal government or state government, which has limited autonomy in terms of financial and administration, have power to sue and sued by others and have legal property1 Ministry of Housing and Local Government Local Government is infra. Sovereign, Geographic Sub-Division of a Sovereign nation or Quasi Sovereign Nation, exercising the power of jurisdiction in a particular area.2 Dilly M Hill 1 Government of Malaysia, 1970. Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry to Investigate into the Working of Local...

Words: 22164 - Pages: 89

Premium Essay

Quality Managment

...ISBN 978‐9948‐03‐638‐8  Q uality Congress   Middle East 2 Dubai (7-9 April, 2008) Creating an Architecture of Quality and Excellence in the Middle East:  Responsibilities, Challenges and Strategies        Proceedings of Congress     Edited by  Najwa Sami Dham  &  Syed Aziz Anwar        e‐TQM College  P.O. Box 71400  Dubai  United Arab Emirates     (1) ISBN 978‐9948‐03‐638‐8  Table of Contents   Foreword ___________________________________________________________________ 6 Professor Mohamed Zairi, Chairman, Quality Congress Middle East 2 ______________________ 6 Research Papers ______________________________________________________________ 7 TQM and its Implementation in Higher Education of Iran _________________________ S.A. Siadat _____________________________________________________________________ M. Mokhtaripour _________________________________________________________________ R. Hoveida _____________________________________________________________________ 8 8 8 8 Quality: From Where to Where? ___________________________________________ 12 Alan Brown ___________________________________________________________________ 12 The Impact of Educational Quality Models on Schools’ Performance in Dubai ________ 20 Kalthoom Al Balooshi ____________________________________________________________ 20 Wafi Dawood __________________________________________________________________ 20 Management Education and Development in the United Kingdom _________________...

Words: 137918 - Pages: 552

Free Essay

Innovation and Erp Systems

...Scheme and Syllabus of B.E. (Computer Science and Engineering) 3 rd th TO 8 Semester 2014-2015 University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VISION: To be recognized as an international leader in Computer Science and Engineering education and research to benefit society globally. MISSION: · · · · To move forward as frontiers of human knowledge to enrich the citizen, the nation, and the world. To excel in research and innovation that discovers new knowledge and enables new technologies and systems. To develop technocrats, entrepreneurs, and business leaders of future who will strive to improve the quality of human life. To create world class computing infrastructure for the enhancement of technical knowledge in field of Computer Science and Engineering. PROGRAMME: B.E. CSE (UG PROGRAMME) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: I. Graduates will work as software professional in industry of repute. II. Graduates will pursue higher studies and research in engineering and management disciplines. III. Graduates will work as entrepreneurs by establishing startups to take up projects for societal and environmental cause. PROGRAMME OUTCOMES: A. Ability to effectively apply knowledge of computing, applied sciences and mathematics to computer science & engineering problems. B. Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex computer science & engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions...

Words: 23989 - Pages: 96

Premium Essay

Personal Statement

...Subject: Successful Princeton Applicant Through all of my accomplishments and disappointments, I have always been especially proud of the dedication and fervor I possess for my personal beliefs and values. Unfortunately, it has often been difficult for me to remain outwardly firm and confident in a town where most people think alike and reject exceptions. Whenever I have expressed my position as a pro-life advocate, peers have badgered, accused, and ridiculed me for simply believing in something that they scorn. Despite all the pressure, I never waive red from my belief, yet I became frustrated and began to lose the courage to publicly express my opinion on this controversial topic. To gain some insight and reassurance for myself, I attended the New Jersey Right to Life Convention in the spring of 1995. This experience uplifted me and offered great inspiration and enlightenment. At the convention I received an overwhelming amount of support and encouragement from wonderful people who advocate the very principles I believe in. This convention was so inspiring that the next day in school I was able to relate my experience to one of my biggest opponents on the subject. Also, the abundant information available at the convention enabled me to defend my position on abortion more effectively. Attending this convention accomplished two things. It proved my commitment to my belief, in that I took the initiative to strengthen and support my opinion, refusing to give up or lose heart. Unlike...

Words: 41203 - Pages: 165

Free Essay

Risk Management in Islamic Banking and Finance

...RISK MANAGEMENT IN ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE:  THE ARAB FINANCE HOUSE EXAMPLE  Bilal A. Fleifel  A Thesis Submitted to the  University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment  of the Requirements for the Degree of  Master of Business Administration  Cameron School of Business  University of North Carolina Wilmington  2009  Approved By  Advisory Committee  Howard Rasheed  Cetin Ciner  William H. Sackley  Chair  Accepted By  DN: cn=Robert D. Roer, o=UNCW, ou=Dean of the Graduate School & Research, email=roer@uncw. edu, c=US Date: 2010.01.21 15:02:51 -05'00' ________________________  Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS  TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... ii  ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ vi  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. vii  DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. viii  LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. ix  LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................................x  GLOSSARY .............................

Words: 34301 - Pages: 138

Free Essay

Olympic 2012 Programme Baseline Report

...Learning legacy Lessons learned from the London 2012 Games construction project Programme Baseline Report Champion Products are examples of tools and formats used by the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) in executing its programme. The ODA is publishing these as part of its Learning Legacy in the anticipation that they may be of use to future projects seeking best practice examples of tools and templates that have been used successfully on a large, complex programme. Purpose of the document, description and how it was used The purpose of the Programme Baseline Report was to provide a comprehensive summary of the ODA’s Olympic Programme, detailing scope, programme, budget and risk against which performance could be measured both internally and externally. The scope defined in the report includes all works required regarding site platform and infrastructure, venues, transport, and legacy transformation. This document was used to present a comprehensive statement of the scope of works required and the necessary budget for delivery. Once the document was agreed at the commencement of the programme, delivery of the works was monitored against the baseline and change could be managed robustly. Olympic Delivery Authority Programme Baseline Report Summary November 2007 report The report was updated in 2009 reflecting the status of the programme two years after the original report and after substantial completion of the ODA’s Games-time...

Words: 37339 - Pages: 150

Premium Essay

If Tomorrow Comes

...Sydney Sheldon - If Tomorrow Comes If Tomorrow Comes Sydney Sheldon Hmmm, looks like another genie got out of the bottle Me Fiction Scanned and fully proofed by nihua, 2002-03-24 v4.1 CR/LFs removed and formatting tidied. pdb conversion by bigjoe. IF TOMORROW COMES by Sidney Sheldon, ©1985 BOOK ONE Chapter 01 New Orleans THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20--- 11:00 P.M. She undressed slowly, dreamily, and when she was naked, she selected a bright red negligee to wear so that the blood would not show. Doris Whitney looked around the bedroom for the last time to make certain that the pleasant room, grown dear over the past thirty years, was neat and tidy. She opened the drawer of the bedside table and carefully removed the gun. It was shiny black, and terrifyingly cold. She placed it next to the telephone and dialed her daughter's number in Philadelphia. She listened to the echo of the distant ringing. And then there was a soft "Hello?" "Tracy... I just felt like hearing the sound of your voice, darling." "What a nice surprise, Mother." "I hope I didn't wake you up." "No. I was reading. Just getting ready to go to sleep. Charles and I were going out for dinner, but the weather's too nasty. It's snowing hard here. What's it doing there?" Dear God, we're talking about the weather, Doris Whitney thought, when there's so much I want to tell her. And can't. "Mother? Are you there?" Doris Whitney stared out the window. "It's raining." And she thought, How melodramatically appropriate. Like an...

Words: 123246 - Pages: 493

Premium Essay

Paper

...Unit - 1 : Introduction to Human Resource Management Structure of Unit: 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 Objectives Introduction Opening Case What is Human Resource Management? Nature of HRM Scope of HRM Objectives of HRM Functions of HRM Role of HRM HRM in the New Millennium Summary Self Assessment Questions Reference Books 1.0 Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to:      1.1 Understand the basic concepts of human resource management (HRM). Explain what human resource management is and how it relates to the management process. Provide an overview of functions of HRM. Describe how the major roles of HR management are being transformed. Explain the role of HRM in the present millennium. Introduction Human beings are social beings and hardly ever live and work in isolation. We always plan, develop and manage our relations both consciously and unconsciously. The relations are the outcome of our actions and depend to a great extent upon our ability to manage our actions. From childhood each and every individual acquire knowledge and experience on understanding others and how to behave in each and every situations in life. Later we carry forward this learning and understanding in carrying and managing relations at our workplace. The whole context of Human Resource Management revolves around this core matter of managing relations at work place. Since mid 1980’s Human Resource...

Words: 92068 - Pages: 369

Premium Essay

Great Ethiopians

...Hogarth Blake Presents: Wonderful Ethiopians Of The Ancient Cushite Empire By Drusilla Dunjee Houston First published in 1926 This e-book was edited by Hogarth Blake Ltd Download this book and many more for FREE at: hh-bb.com hogarthblake@gmail.com ‘Wonderful Ethiopians Of The Ancient Cushite Empire’ by Drusilla Dunjee Houston Reproduction & duplication of this work for FREE is permitted. Refer to the terms & conditions page for more details. Terms & Conditions Scanned at sacred-texts.com, October, 2004. John Bruno Hare, redactor. This text is in the public domain in the United States because it was not renewed at the US Copyright Office in a timely fashion as required by law at the time. These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice of attribution is left intact in all copies and subject to the sacred texts Terms of Service at http://www.sacred-texts.com/tos.htm Hogarth Blake presents this e-book FREE of charge; it may be used for whatever purpose you see fit. The only limitations are that you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, modify, create derivative works based upon, sell, publish, license or sub-license the work or any part of it without the express written consent of Hogarth Blake Ltd. The work is provided as is. Hogarth Blake Ltd. makes no guarantees or warranties as to the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of or results to be obtained from using the work via hyperlink or otherwise, and expressly...

Words: 74797 - Pages: 300

Premium Essay

Case

...Auditing Cases An Interactive Learning Approach FIFTH M F S D E D ITIO N S. B A. B M. G F. P Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Stephanie Wall Editorial Project Manager: Christina Rumbaugh Senior Managing Editor: Cynthia Zonneveld Production Project Manager: Carol O'Rourke Senior Operations Supervisor: Diane Peirano Printer/Binder: BindRite Graphics, Robbinsville Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish...

Words: 139985 - Pages: 560

Premium Essay

Pdf, Doc

...IIBM Institute of Business Management HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT www.iibmindia.in Subject: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Introduction to Human Resource Management Introduction: Nature, Philosophy, Need, Objectives and Evolution of Human Resources Management; HRM Functions; HRD Concept; HRD Strategy; HR Responsibilities; Environmental Factors of HRM: Environmental Factors, Challenges to HRM. Concepts and Process of Human Resource Planning Human Resource Planning: Importance, Process, Barriers; Strategic Planning; Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS); Forecasting Demands: Forecasting Supply; Man Power Forecasting. Emerging Trends in HRM Outsourcing and its HR Dimensions; Human Resource Planning and Downsizing: Voluntary Redundancy and Ways of Downsizing Processing; Importance of Bench Marking; Case Study: Bench Marking VRS Practices and Compensation Management. Job Analysis: Recruitment and Selection Job Analysis: 6 Steps, Job Description vs. Job Specification, Methods of Collecting Job Analysis Information; Role of Recruitment and Selection: Situational Factors in Recruitment, Recruitment Policy, External and Internal Sources of Recruiting and its Merits and Demerits, Selection Process and its Types, Structured Interview Guide. Training and Development Orientation; Training and Development; the Steps in Training Process; Career and Succession Planning: Career Stages, Career Development, Career Management Succession Planning; Case Discussion...

Words: 99065 - Pages: 397