Cultural deprivation is the theory that many working-class and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the 'right' culture needed for educational success e.g. their families do not instil the value of deferred gratification.Cultural deprivation is an outside school/home background factor that could affect the achievement of working class pupils as if their family do not place a high standard on education, the pupil may imitate this causing their grades to lower. The attitudes and values that working class pupils usually hold vary from that of middle class, one being fatalism. Barry Sugarman suggested that the idea of believing in fate and that ''whatever will be, will be" could lead to underachievement as working class pupils with this view think that nothing they can do will stop what is already planned for them. Middle-class values usually emphasises that you can change your position through your own efforts.Sugarman also believed in the idea of present-time orientation. This is where someone sees the present as more important than the future and therefore does not set long-term goals or plans. This view is also usually held by working class people in contrast to middle-class culture that has a future-time orientation that sees planning for the future as important as the present.Douglas suggested that immediate gratification is also a large contributing factor to the under achievement of working class pupils. It's basis is that working class people seek pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future whereas middle-class values emphasise deferred gratification, making sacrifices now for greater rewards later.Language is another important factor that can affect the achievement of working class pupils. Generally, working class pupils possess the restricted language code. It has a limited vocabulary and is