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Outsider Summery

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Submitted By koroby
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Summary:
Chapter 1 - Outsiders The author defines a deviant as one who deviates from the rules of some social group (and who therefore is an outsider to that group). An outsider is also defined from the point of view of the deviant as those from the social group who act as judges and arbiters of the rules.

The author explores deviant behaviour as a phenomenon of definition, as opposed to one of characteristics. That is to say that deviant behaviour is more a question of judgement by a group than a characteristic of the deviant person. Therefore accepting the label 'deviant' means implicitly accepting the values of the social group making the judgement.

Chapter 2 - Kinds of Deviance - A Sequential Model
In order to discuss models of deviance, the author introduces four types of deviant behaviour: 1. conforming; 2. pure deviant; 3. falsely accused (i.e. perceived as deviant but exhibiting obedient behaviour) and 4. secret deviant (i.e. exhibiting rule-breaking behaviour but not perceived as deviant).
The author examines two types of models that could be used to investigate what causes the deviant behaviours to develop:- 1. simultaneous - which assumes that the behaviour develops simultaneously through many causes 2. sequential - where patterns of behaviour develop according to an orderly sequence of stages

Simultaneous models are often used in investigations of pathology, to determine the combination of variables that may predict the behaviour and therefore explain the cause. The sequential model may better recognise that behaviour patterns change in a series of steps, and that each step needs to be explained independently of other steps. The causes of one step may have no effect at other steps and all the causes may not operate at the same time.

Adopting the sequential model, the author introduces the idea of a deviant career,

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