...Holt Physics—Chapter 5: Work and Energy Price I. Section 5.1—Work A. Definition of work 1. Work does not mean the same thing in Physics as it does in the everyday sense of the word. 2. Work is defined as a force causing a displacement. Work = force x displacement W = Fd 3. Work is NOT done on an object unless the displacement is greater than zero 4. The only forces that are considered to do work are those that are parallel to the displacement. 5. For this reason we use our trigonometric functions to calculate forces applied at an angle. Insert Fig 5-2 6. Note that Θ is the angle between the applied force and the displacement. 7. Work is described in Newtons x meters (force x displacement). The unit of work is the Joule (J) 8. 1 Newton meter = 1 Joule 9. Work is a vector with both direction AND magnitude. This means WORK CAN BE NEGATIVE! 10. Negative work is most commonly used to slow an object down or decrease its velocity. II. Section 5-2: Energy A. Kinetic Energy 1. Kinetic energy is associated with an object in motion. 2. Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass Kinetic Energy = ½mv2 3. Kinetic energy is a scalar and will use Joules as...
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...Experiment 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Height=X Height=X In an ideal experiment: The ball rolls to the other side to the exact same height from which it was dropped from. In a real experiment: Forces of friction and gravity act on the ball so it rolls just short of the same height. In an ideal experiment: Ball rolls infinitely In a real experiment: Once again, forces of gravity and friction act on the ball to slow it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Experiment 2 Cup has 0 net force. No gravity, No friction. An object with 0 net force will keep moving forever. Newton’s first law: Fnet=0 => V= constant or a=0 (velocity is constant, & acceleration is zero) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Experiment 3 Question: Which string will break first? Top or bottom? Answer: Depends on how fast the force is applied. Reason: A massive object is harder...
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...judicial processes that take place for an ordinary drug bust, again informing the audience on how to avoid getting caught. During the second half of the video we further investigate how the DEA does a typical drug bust and we are informed to some of the horrors of these raids. Many times people who are suspected of being involved with drugs somehow become victims of the DEA planting drug evidence on innocent people who are of no real threat to society. These people are then forced to make a deal with DEA agents in order to eliminate or reduce sentence time in return for going undercover for the agency. In one case a young girl with a bright future ahead of her was killed in this line of action. DEA agents will refuse to admit that they force this dangerous work upon people. In the end I think the primary purpose of this film is to inform the audience of the endless drug war that has been going on for decades and how no good can come of it. Our money would be better spent helping addicts recover and setting up treatment facilities rather than funding the DEA which fuels a hopeless...
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...Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis = Suppliers, Customers, New Entrants, Substitute Products, Competitors What is Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis? Porter’s 5 forces analysis represents the competitive environment of the firm. It is a strategic foresight to avoid putting the competitive edge at risk and ensure the profitability of products on a long term. For the company this vision is quite important because the firm is able to direct its innovations in terms of choice of strategies and investments. The profitability of businesses within the industrial structure depends on the following forces: Competitive rivalry within the industry; Threats of new entrants; Threats of substitutes products; Bargaining power of customers; Bargaining power of suppliers. Golden Rules 6th force = Often the model is adjusted with a 6th force, the public authorities. This is important because the law and the norms can influence each of Porter’s 5 forces. Key factors for success = The key success factors of the environment have to be identified. To have a competitive advantage some strategic elements should be controlled. Threats of new entrants Public Authorities Bargaining power of suppliers Competitive rivalry within the industry Bargaining power of customers Threats of substitute products © Copyright 2008 LUXINNOVATION G.I.E., The National Agency for Innovation and Research in Luxembourg 1/2 Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis = Suppliers, Customers, New Entrants, Substitute Products...
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...mass of that body. • Determine if an object will float in a fluid based on its relative densities. So if you fill a tumbler up with water to the brim, put an object into it, weigh the water that has been pushed out of the tumbler, and compare that with the weight of the object, you'll know whether it floats or not. • Use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation to explain common effects of ideal fluid flow. The pressure in a fluid moving steadily without friction or outside energy input decreases when the fluid velocity increases Assignment Requirements 3. Mass is the same, so if the whale is taking up less volume, the density must have increased. The whale has displaced a greater mass of water at the depth, so the buoyant force is greater. 20. Ice cubes float in water, and sink in alcohol. Anything with less density than the liquid that it's in will float. 22. It will increase 35. It would be harder on the top of a mountain because the pressure of the atmosphere is lower the higher you go. The atmospheric pressure pushes on the surface of the liquid when you suck which helps the liquid move up the straw. At sea level, the pressure is fourteen and a half pounds per square inch and reduces as you move higher. 43. When a steadily flowing gas flows from a larger diameter pipe to a smaller diameter pipe the speed of gas is decreases and pressure...
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...tens of thousands from something like Y Combinator or individual angels, then (2) raise a few hundred thousand to a few million to build the company, and then (3) once the company is clearly succeeding, raise one or more later rounds to accelerate growth. Reality can be messier. Some companies raise money twice in phase 2. Others skip phase 1 and go straight to phase 2. And at Y Combinator we get an increasing number of companies that have already raised amounts in the hundreds of thousands. But the three phase path is at least the one about which individual startups' paths oscillate. This essay focuses on phase 2 fundraising. That's the type the startups we fund are doing on Demo Day, and this essay is the advice we give them. Forces Fundraising is hard in both senses: hard like lifting a heavy weight, and hard like solving a puzzle. It's hard like lifting a weight because it's intrinsically hard to convince people to part with large sums of money. That problem is irreducible; it should be hard. But much of the other kind of difficulty can be eliminated. Fundraising only seems a puzzle because it's an alien world to most founders, and I hope to fix that by supplying a map through it. To founders, the behavior of investors is often opaque—partly because their motivations are obscure, but partly because they deliberately mislead you. And the misleading ways of investors combine horribly with the wishful thinking of inexperienced founders. At YC we're always warning...
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...Friction Angle of Repose Least Force Required to Drag a Body on a Rough Horizontal Plane Horizontal Force Required to Move the Body Screw and Nut Friction 2.10 Self-Locking Screws 2.11 Condition for Maximum Efficiency 2.12 Screw Jack 2.13 Pivot and Collar Friction 2.13.1 Flat Pivot 2.13.2 Conical Pivot 2.13.3 Collar Bearing 2.14 Clutch 2.15 Types of Clutches 2.15.1 Conical Clutch 2.15.2 Single Plate Clutch 2.15.3 Multi Plate Clutch 2.16 Journal Bearing 2.17 Rolling Friction 2.18 Ball and Roller Bearings 2.19 Summary 2.20 Key Words 2.21 Answers to SAQs 2.1 INTRODUCTION When a body moves or tends to move on another body, a force appears between the surfaces. This force is called force of friction and it acts opposite to the direction of motion. Its line of action is tangential to the contacting surfaces. The magnitude of this force depends on the roughness of surfaces. In engineering applications friction is desirable and undesirable. We can walk on the ground because of friction. Friction is useful in power transmission by belts. It is useful in appliances like brakes, bolts, screw jack, etc. It is undesirable in bearing and moving machine parts where it results in loss of energy and, thereby, reduces efficiency of the machine. In this unit, you will study screw jack, clutches and different type of bearings. 51 Theory of Machines Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to know application of friction force, know theory background of...
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...Backpack Corporation Finish Goods Warehose Department Organizational Structure PRODUCTION MANAGER QMS / QMR ASSISTANT PRODUCTION Revision No.: 0 Effectivity Date : July 15, 2013 FG WHSE SUPERVISOR SHIPMENTC LERK FINISHED GOODS CLERK BARCODE CLERK SHIPMENT DISTRIBUTOR WAREHOUSEMAN SHIPMENT LOADER Backpack Corporation Finish Goods Warehose Department Organizational Chart Revision No.: 0 Effectivity Date : July 15, 2013 MR. LEE MINHO PRODUCTION MANAGER JULIE MONTES QMR MR. VANESS WU ASSISTANT PRODUCTION MANAGER JUAN DELA CRUZ FG WHSE SUPERVISOR CATHY BERNARDO SHIPMENT CLERK JENNY MENDIOLA FINISHED GOODS CLERK MARIA RIVERA BARCODE CLERK GERRY ANDERSON SHIPMENT DISTRIBUTOR JOSEPH MANALO WAREHOUSEMAN PAOLO PASCUAL SHIPMENT LOADER PAOLO PASCUAL SHIPMENT LOADER - II FG WHSE PREPARATION FOR FINISHED GOODS SHIPMENT TO CUSTOMER A. SHIPPING LABEL PREPARATION No. PROCESS FG WHSE SUPERVISOR to forward copy of Sales Order/Shipping Plan to Finished Goods Clerk 1. FG Goods Clerk to provide copy to Warehouseman, Shipment Clerk 2. Shipment Clerk to prepare FG Weighing Checklist and issue to Barcoder/Distributor and FG Shipping Label then issue to Distributor 3. Barcoder to prepare UPC Shipping Label and issue to QA for 100% inspection 4. QA to inspect 100% the UPC Shipping Label based on forwarded UPC Code Reference from BUYER then report back to Barcoder with or without discrepancy 5. Barcoder to revise UPC Shipping...
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...Name:____________________ Density, Buoyancy, and Force Diagrams PhET Lab (rvsd 2/2011) Introduction You’ve heard that oil floats on water. You also know that ice cubes normally float in a glass of water. Why? What causes some things to float in water (corks, ice, dogs) and some to sink in water (rocks, metal spoons, mobsters)? Density is often described as the amount of mass crammed into a volume, and is illustrated by the formula shown below. The units for density are expressed g/cm3, g/mL, kg/m3, and kg/L. In this simulation, we will use kg/L. Water’s density is 1.00 kg/L. Important Formulas: Procedure: PhET Simulations Play With Sims Physics Density * Take a few minutes and familiarize yourself with the simulation before moving on. Free Body Diagrams for Floating Objects: * Grab the various blocks, lift them over the water and drop into the water a few times. * In the boxes at the right, draw free body diagrams for a falling block, block under water, and a floating wood block. * When is the block accelerating? ________________&________________________ * What should be the net force in the vertical direction when the block is floating? _____ The %-Density Ratio Trick * % under = _____________ Estimate the percentage of the wood, ice, and Styrofoam block that is under water while those blocks are floating. Remember: the density of water is 1.00 kg/L % Wood under water | % Ice under water | % Styrofoam under water...
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...Stress-Strain Equipment | Included: | | 1 | Stress-Strain Apparatus | AP-8214A | 1 | Force Sensor | PS-2104 | 1 | Rotary Motion Sensor | PS-2120 | 1 | Calipers | SF-8711 | | Required but Not Included: | | 1 | 850 Universal Interface | UI-5000 | 1 | PASCO Capstone Software | UI-5400 | Introduction The objective of this lab is to find the relationship between tensile stress and strain for various materials. The Stress-Strain Apparatus stretches (and in some cases breaks) a test coupon while it measures the amount of stretch and force experienced by the test coupon. Software is used to generate a plot of stress versus strain, which allows Young's Modulus, the elastic region, the plastic region, the yield point, and the break point to be ascertained. Theory The ratio of the force (F) applied to the cross-sectional area (A) of a material is called the stress: Stress=FA (1) The ratio of the change in length (L) to the original length (Lo) of a material is called the strain: Strain=∆LLo (2) Stress (Pa) Strain Elastic Region Plastic Region Yield Point Stress (Pa) Strain Elastic Region Plastic Region Yield Point In the elastic region, the stress is proportional to the strain and the proportionality constant is called Young’s Modulus, Y. Y=StressStrain (3) Set-Up Figure 1. Stress/Strain Apparatus Assembly 1. Open the PASCO Capstone software on the computer. 2. Connect the Stress/Strain apparatus to the computer...
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...plane should have flown better than a 100,000 lb. metal object. It wasn’t until I was older and had my first physical science class that I really started to get a grasp on what was really going on to make something that large liftoff and continue to fly. There are two names that stand out when speaking about the physics of flight: Sir Isaac Newton and Daniel Bernoulli. Without them there would be far less understanding of the forces of flight and the physics behind the art of flying. Sir Issac Newton was a mathematician and physicist who transformed the scientific world in 1666 with the development of the theories of gravitation at the young age of 23. Twenty years later in 1686, Newton published Principia Mathematics Philosophiae Naturalis, Latin for “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, which detailed his work in mathematical physics and presented his three laws of motion. His first law is commonly known as the law of Inertia, and it states “A body in motion at a constant speed will remain in motion at that speed unless acted upon by outside force; A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by...
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...oscillation depended on the effective mass of the spring and the period of oscillation. Students recorded basic information such as the position of the mass before the spring is charged, the path of the mass, the peak of the oscillation, as well as the force the mass and the spring exert on each other. Data studio and a force sensor, and a position sensor was used to get accurate measurements of these values. Goal The purpose of this laboratory is to characterize the oscillation of a simple spring-mass system. Theory If a spring is stretched or compressed a small distance from its equilibrium position, the spring will exert a force on the body given by Hooke's Law, where is known as the spring force. The constant, , known as the spring constant, and is the displacement from the equilibrium position. The spring constant is a clue of the spring's strength. A large value for indicates that the spring is strong or stiff. A low value for means the spring is weak or flexible. Springs with large values can balance larger forces than springs with low values. The negative sign in indicates that the direction of is always opposite the direction of the displacement. The spring force is a restoring force. In other words, the spring force always acts to return the weight or body to the equilibrium position regardless of the direction of the...
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...Stress is something all people experience from time to time. Anything that poses a threat or challenge to ones’ well-being is stress. It can affect you mentally and physically. Stress can be beneficial or atrocious to ones’ health. Stress can emerge in many different forms from school, work, and divorce. Stress can also make a person feel frustrated, angry, sad, nervous, anxious and even hopeless at times. Stress is the way the body responds to a threat or challenge. This response is known as fight or flight response telling the body to either to fight or get away from immediate danger. Fight or flight response is based on the sympathetic nervous system responding. The body produces larger quantities of chemicals cortisol, adrenaline and other chemicals, which activates a higher heart rate, sweating, and alertness. Non-essential body functions such as the digestive system are stagnant. In addition, the body’s energy is concentrated on breathing, blood flow, alertness and muscle use. There are three kinds of stress acute, episodic, and chronic. Acute stress is the most common of the three. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Episodic stress comes when a person makes unreasonable or unrealistic demands. These demands get clustered together resulting in stress because of not being able to accomplish all of the goals. Chronic stress is brought about by long time exposure from unhappy marriage, poverty...
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...Summary of Module 2 Tasks and Deadlines Tasks with Deadlines for Module 2 Week 1 (Week 3) 1) Read – pencil in hand for jotting down important concepts as well as your questions- the following: Chapter 3 in the textbook. Sections 4.1 through 4.3 the textbook. Due: by the last day of Week 3. 2) Follow the link for “Module Notes - Scalars, Vectors, Two-Dimensional Motion, & Newton’s Laws”: https://mycourses.excelsior.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2FdisplayLearningUnit%3Fcourse_id%3D_21506_1%26content_id%3D_769754_1%26framesetWrapped%3Dtrue and carefully study all the materials provided. Due: by the last day of Week 3. 3) Problem #1 : Chapter 3, end of chapter problem 82 from the from “Essential College Physics” by Andrew Rex & Richard. Submit your solution in the drop box “M2A1: Problem submission 1” https://mycourses.excelsior.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2FdisplayLearningUnit%3Fcourse_id%3D_21506_1%26content_id%3D_769755_1%26framesetWrapped%3Dtrue Due by the fourth day of Week 3. 4) Perform the tasks assigned for Module 2 Week 1 on the discussion board for Module 1 at the link: https://mycourses.excelsior.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2FdisplayLearningUnit%3Fcourse_id%3D_21506_1%26content_id%3D_769755_1%26framesetWrapped%3Dtrue Post your response...
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...AT&T Michael Porter: Five Forces: (1) The threat of the entry of new competitors: Low. Because new entries do have to invest lots of money to facilities so than they services can cover wide range in order to compete with the exited companies, there are several companies that can entry to this industry at ease. It is obviously that the threat of the new competitors is low. (2) The threat of substitute products or services: High. The customers may select fixed phone or online communication instead of using mobile phone service. Considering I-phone, with the new technology, it is possible that one day portable laptop can be as small as mobile phone. If at that time Wi-Fi is spread around the whole country and everyone can have access to Wi-Fi everywhere, customers can communicate with each other online. It could be but may take a long time to be a big threat to the industry. (3) The threat of competitive rivalry: Moderate. In the United States, the majority market shares are occupied by four big companies and AT&T is one of them. Even though competition among the four companies is intensive, the whole market competition is not as munch intensive as other industries such as software industry in which there are more than thousands companies. (4) The bargaining power of customers: Low. There are only four major companies in a country with hundreds of millions population, and the mobile phone is indispensable for everyone. Considering the low demand with high need, the...
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