...language learning (CALL) that would forever change how second/foreign languages are taught. This article presents a historical overview of the evolution of CALL from the previous years of the mainframe computer to the integrative technologies of the 21st century. It examines the evolution of the dual fields of educational technology and second/foreign language teaching as they intertwined over the last half of the 20th century into present day CALL. The paper describes the paradigm shifts experienced along thisjourney...
Words: 867 - Pages: 4
...MKWI 2010 – Unternehmensberatung im IT-Umfeld 611 CRM Evaluation An Approach for Selecting Suitable Software Packages Ina Friedrich1, Jon Sprenger2, Michael H. Breitner2 1Accenture GmbH Campus Kronberg 1, 61476 Kronberg ina.friedrich@accenture.com 2Institut 1 für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Leibniz-Universität Hannover Königsworther Platz 1, 30167 Hannover {sprenger|breitner @iwi.uni-hannover.de} Introduction Customer Relationship Management (CRM)1 has been discussed in the literature since the nineties. IT evaluation on the other hand dates back to the eighties starting with a more contemporary approach (Farbey et al. 1999, p. 191). As reported by earlier works, the success rate of CRM implementation projects is up to today still not satisfactory (Becker et al. 2009; Finnegan and Currie 2009). Reasons for failing the expectations of involved parties are diverse, but can be summarized under the three dimensions: people, process and technology (Figure 1). Due to the described quality problems and the speed of evaluation results becoming outdated, new CRM solutions or updated versions of established products continuously enter the market. CRM solutions range from simple address and activity management applications to integrated software packages linking front office and back office functions (Chen and Popovich 2003, p. 673). Hence, there exists a multitude of different characterizations for CRM. For the context of this paper a definition by Goldenberg (2000) is used, who describes...
Words: 4085 - Pages: 17
...development and current state of the argumentation visualization concept and tools. Argumentation visualization is a set of methods used to represent complex systems of preconditions, reasons and conclusions via visual tools, such as graphs, diagrams, matrices, charts etc. The overview uses the inductive immersion approach: argumentation visualization phenomenon understanding is gained by following the history of method’s development and absorbing most influential thoughts that contributed to the approach in question throughout the centuries. The milestones of visual reasoning are highlighted, several examples of argumentation visualization tools are provided. Description of the today’s state of argumentation visualization method, known as CSAV, follows the historical reference. A short market overview is given further. An overlook of the main trends that define further development of CSAV and main points of criticism of the method conclude the work. Table of content History of argumentation visualization 4 Early precursors of argumentation visualization 5 Direct ancestors of argumentation visualization 6 Wigmore’s evidence chart 6 Toulmin’s graphical argument 8 Current state 9 Market overview 10 Challenges and trends 10 References 12 History of argumentation visualization Before we start, it would be appropriate to give a short definition of the concept in question. Argumentation visualization can be described as a set of methods used to represent complex...
Words: 2084 - Pages: 9
...TEACHING 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 2 1.2 WHY DID SOUTH AFRICA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM NEED TO CHANGE? 3 1.3 WHAT IS OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION? 3 1.3.1 What are the characteristics of outcomes-based education? 3 1.3.2 The difference between the old and the new approach 4 1.4 OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION PRINCIPLES AND TERMINOLOGY 6 1.4.1 Learning area 6 1.4.2 Critical outcomes 7 1.4.3 Learning outcomes 8 1.4.4 Assessment standards 9 1.4.5 Assessment 9 1.4.6 Themes 9 1.5 PLANNING AN OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION LEARNING UNIT 11 1.6 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY UNIT 11 1.7 CONCLUSION 12 STUDY UNIT 2 _______________________________________________________________________ TEACHING LANGUAGE IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 13 2.1 INTRODUCTION 14 2.2 MULTILINGUALISM 14 2.3 HOME LANGUAGE, FIRST AND SECOND ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES 15 2.4 SWITCHING AND MIXING CODES 16 2.5 LANGUAGE TEACHING IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 18 2.6 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING 19 iii 2.7 LANGUAGES WITH HIGH AND LOW STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA 21 2.8 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY UNIT 23 2.9 CONCLUSION 24 STUDY UNIT 3 _______________________________________________________________________ IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF LANGUAGE TEACHING 25 3.1 INTRODUCTION 28 3.2 PRINCIPLE 1: LISTENING, READING, SPEAKING,...
Words: 117690 - Pages: 471
...An Approach to Corpus-based Discourse Analysis: The Move Analysis as Example THOMAS A . UPTON AND MARY ANN COHEN Abstract This article presents a seven-step corpus-based approach to discourse analysis that starts with a detailed analysis of each individual text in a corpus that can then be generalized across all texts of a corpus, providing a description of typical patterns of discourse organization that hold for the entire corpus. This approach is applied specifically to a methodology that is used to analyze texts in terms of the functional/communicative structures that typically make up texts in a genre: move analysis. The resulting corpus-based approach for conducting a move analysis significantly enhances the value of this often used (and misused) methodology, while at the same time providing badly needed guidelines for a methodology that lacks them. A corpus of ‘birthmother letters’ is used to illustrate the approach. Biber et al. (2007) explore how discourse structure and organization can be investigated using corpus analysis; they offer a structured, seven-step corpusbased approach to discourse analysis that results in generalizable descriptions of discourse structure. This article draws on the themes in this book, but focuses in particular on analyses that use theories on communicative or functional purposes of text as the starting point for understanding why texts in a corpus are structured the way they are, before moving to a closer examination and description of...
Words: 8985 - Pages: 36
...Content Introduction 1. Comparative Teaching Methodologies 1.1 Grammar Translation Method 1.2 Direct Method 1.3 Audio-Lingual Method 1.4 Silent Way 1.5 Total Physical Response (TPR) Community Language Learning (CLL) 1.6 Suggestopedia (Suggestology) 1.7 Communicative Approach 1.8 Natural Approach 1.9 Emotional-semantic method 2. Theoretical aspect of effective methods of teaching 2.1 The bases of teaching a foreign language 2.2 Effective ways and techniques of teaching a foreign language 2.2.1 Constructivist teaching strategies 2.2.2 Communicative Teaching Method 2.2.3 Using project method in teaching a foreign language 2.2.4 The method of debates 2.2.5 Games 2.2.6 Role plays as a method of teaching 2.3 Methodological principles of modern methods of teaching 2.4 Practical aspect of ways of teaching 3. Comparative characteristics of modern techniques of teaching English 3.1 Features of techniques 3.1.1 Communicative method 3.1.2 Project methodology 3.1.3 Intensive method 3.1.4 Activity Based method 3.2 Similarities of methods 3.3 Positive and negative aspects of techniques Conclusion Bibliography Appendix Introduction Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this process was the emergence of the concept of methods of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching—the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning—is a...
Words: 23635 - Pages: 95
...1 The Induction-Deduction Opposition: Ambiguities and Complexities of the Didactic Reality Wilfried Decoo Published in IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics, vol. 34, n° 2 (May 1996), 95-118. ("didactic" = pertaining to teaching and learning in a school context) Abstract An analysis of some of the scientific literature reveals that the terms "induction" and "deduction" often point to various concepts. A number of modalities need to be discerned, especially in the realm of "induction". Experimental comparisons of different methodological approaches may also neglect, to some extent, the complexities of what is really taking place in the classroom setting. The purpose of this article is not to take sides in the methodological controversy, but to contribute to a greater awareness of terminology identification and of the tangents, plural forms and crossings between didactic strategies that draw on "induction" or "deduction". Les termes "induction" et "déduction", tels qu'une analyse de la littérature scientifique nous les révèle, renvoient souvent à des concepts différents. Il semble utile de discerner les différentes modalités, en particulier dans le domaine de "l'induction". Les comparaisons expérimentales de différentes approches méthodologiques semblent négliger, du moins en partie, les aspects complexes de la réalité en classe. Cet article ne prend pas position dans la controverse méthodologique, mais désire contribuer à une plus grande prise de conscience d'une part...
Words: 8498 - Pages: 34
...Language Teaching Methodology Theodore S. Rodgers, Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii Background Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this phenomenon was the emergence of the concept of "methods" of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching—the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning—is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods was a preoccupation of teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt's (1984) overview documents the history of changes of practice in language teaching throughout history, bringing the chronology up through the Direct Method in the 20th century. One of the most lasting legacies of the Direct Method has been the notion of "method" itself. Language Teaching Methodology Defined Methodology in language teaching has been characterized in a variety of ways. A more or less classical formulation suggests that methodology is that which links theory and practice. Theory statements would include theories of what language is and how language is learned or, more specifically, theories of second language acquisition (SLA). Such theories are linked to various design features of language instruction. These design features might include stated objectives, syllabus specifications, types of activities, roles of teachers, learners, materials, and so forth. Design features in turn are linked...
Words: 12744 - Pages: 51
...These claims and arguments manifested the urgent need to new entrance; which prompted the stakeholders to search new approaches that combine the properties of both, the traditional learning and e-learning and, to overcome the deficiencies of both at the same time. The way therefore, was paved to the emergence of "Blended Learning" as a new approach blending all forms of traditional learning with the different varieties of e-learning creating an innovative teaching-learning methodology. A new innovation that increases the effectiveness of the teaching situation and offers new opportunities of interactive learning situation. Blended Learning and CALL Historical background The use of computer in language learning has started actually in the sixties of the twentieth century. With the advent of the eighties of the century, CALL have been gained considerable space in language learning systems especially, in the advanced countries, in association with great developments in language learning programs. Computer-assisted language teaching and learning development can be categorized into three stages associated with changes and developments in the linguistic and psycho-linguistic fields. The first was started in the sixties. It was established on the principles of the behaviorist theory, which considers the computer as an optimal tool for learning; that it allows repetition, which enables learning. Therefore, the implementation in this period was restricted into extensive drills...
Words: 3313 - Pages: 14
...relevant to the teaching of language. Introduction From the perspectives of theoretical linguists, especially in the traditional approaches in English language teaching, the teaching focuses on language structure including some form of language such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or spelling to name a few. However, things have changed with the arrival of a new approach known as the Communicative Language Teaching, where the features of sociolinguistics in its relation with language teaching and learning are best illustrated. The Communicative Language Teaching has been built on the assumption that being successful in communicating in a second language involves more than just the grammatical competence. In fact, communicative competence (Canale & Swain, 1980) involves the knowledge of discourse and socio-cultural rules of language. That is to say, in order to be successful in real communication, it is important to know not only how to put together an utterance but also when this utterance should be used and by whom to whom. In the study of socio-linguistics, we gain a more thorough overview to define the language itself. We know how language differs from one context to another. Also, with a deep understanding of socio-linguistics, we certainly realize that people in one context...
Words: 3224 - Pages: 13
...Project: UD Marketing Video for Prospective Business Students Prepared by: Claire Holman, Josephine McGrath, Claire Holman, Megan O’Brien, and Candice Vermeulen Background/ Overview: The Business School of the University of Dallas is a Catholic institution, which provides a well-rounded education in humanities and business, with the goal of developing the student’s intellectual and moral virtues, as well as their skills both in the classroom and business world. Known mostly for the liberal arts education, this video is seeking to bring awareness to the College of Business program offered at the University of Dallas by promoting it to juniors and seniors in high school. Goals: Immediate goals include giving a fair representation of the College of Business that highlights the key features that differentiate us from other business programs. In addition we would like to reach our target audience through this video and to inform them about our strong liberal arts and ethic-based business education. A significant goal is to redefine the online presence and the identity of the business program—to promote the University of Dallas’ unique Business School approach and vision to a global audience. As well as increasing the percentage of women in the business program, in order to balance the ratio of men to women to 50/50. Target Audience: The target market for UD’s College of Business is a soon-to-graduate high school student looking for a University that is small...
Words: 755 - Pages: 4
...Business Research Methods III QNT/TM561 Research and Statistics for Process Control May 30, 2011 Professor Alfred Siu Over the past several weeks the teams have researched and analyze Riordan Manufacturing. In the final analysis the appointed team members will discuss the statistical analysis of the data that has been collected, analyze how management will apply Six Sigma methodology. Other areas that will be discussed are challenges to the validity and reliability of the team’s research, classifying the findings, and discuss how the analysis may be used to innovate the business process. Discuss the statistical analysis of the data you collected. The statistical analysis from the data Riordan Manufacturing provide shows that the raw materials receiving processes has several flaws. Each quarter process shows three out of the seven tasks performed holds 10 to 15% of the whole processing timeframe. The variance from turnaround time has increased and stayed in double figures in each quarter. By focusing on the data gathering for the speed and accuracy from the raw materials receiving processes information, management should be able to determine the areas that needs most attention and which business management strategy methodology that can be used to correct the issues. Analyze how you would apply Six Sigma, Baldrige, or ISO to the issues the organization is facing with one of their processes. One of the problems...
Words: 1414 - Pages: 6
...and co-workers Overview The article described on the Managing Relationship in the Workplace. The article describe in the different ways in which the supervisors have communicated with their subordinates, or direct reports in the workplace. Most formal organizations were structured using the classical approach to organizing, which positioned supervisors at the “top” of an organization overseeing direct reports. The main elements of the classical approach to organizing included top-down communication, hierarchy and centralized power. Top-down communication is when supervisors speak to their employees without expecting and/or desiring a communicative response. Many organization resisted this practice because the one-way flow of communication can lead to problems such as misinformation, lack of information, dissatisfaction, and apathy. Supervisors encourage their employees often want to influence others, use their skills and identify with work and workplaces that they consider to be meaningful. The other approach is hierarchy which is when individuals are organized based on position, rank and authority and the connections among their own and others organizational roles can be displayed visually via an organizational chart. This approach is suitable for the organization that only have fewer levels ( i.e. where the less distance between the top and bottom levels of the chart ). The hierarchy is flatter. A third classical approach is centralized power, meaning...
Words: 1458 - Pages: 6
...Silence Speaks Louder than Words: How to Communicate about CSR Engagement Effectively A Case Study of Noir Authors: Lea Tae-Mee Søndergaard Nielsen (282853) Gro Anna Haldrup Skovbjerg (282834) Supervisor: Michael Hübertz Characters: 98.895 Date: May 5th 2010 BA in Marketing and Management Communication Aarhus School of Business 1 Executive Summary This thesis seeks to shed light on the challenges companies face when attempting to promote their CSR endeavours and suggests how they can communicate a credible CSR message in order to overcome consumer scepticism. As companies to a greater extend are held account for the social consequences of their business activities, the pressure to be socially responsible has created a tension between business and society and caused companies to think of CSR in generic ways. In fact, the most common corporate response has been neither strategic, nor operational, but cosmetic; public relations and media campaigns, the centrepieces of which are often glossy CSR reports that showcase companies’ socially and environmentally good deeds. However, the extensive use of CSR for marketing communication has caused consumers to question the motivation behind the actions and resulted in increased scepticism and cynicism toward companies’ CSR messages. To gain an understanding of how companies can avoid this consumer...
Words: 19802 - Pages: 80
...Effective and efficient management through Cultural Intelligence Training With the widespread application of Globalization, the accelerating driving force of information technology, outstanding advanced new transportation systems, increasing migrated work force seeking greener pasture, limitless academic boundary of intellectual and intelligentsia, working cross borders, brain drain of developing countries towards developed countries, human trafficking, the global communication traffic has progressively extended. In that situation, living in an unfamiliar social environment demands other considerable matters, adaptable behaviour and attitude, heavily depending on cultural intelligence. Development of Cultural Intelligence is relying on the following resources, accompanied with practising and training. (1) For head/ cognitive communication, immediate recognition of dos’ and don’ts of different cultures, including one’s own culture, as well as belief, traditional behaviour, taboo established on them. (2) For body / physical communication, appreciation and acknowledgement on working colleagues and guests with different religious backgrounds and races, as well as foreign countries where one’s businesses are based and operated. Understanding others’ cultures and accepting them willingly after removing and cutting improper ethical limits, promoting communications through significant definition of physical behaviours reflecting the readiness to enter into their social environment...
Words: 989 - Pages: 4
