...U.N. Commission on Life Saving Commodities for Women and Children: Country Case Studies May 2012 This is a working document. It has been prepared to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and to stimulate discussion. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of the United Nations Commission on Life-Saving Commodities for Women and Children or the United Nations. The text has not been edited to official publication standards, and the Commission accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. Contributors and Acknowledgements Sarah Blake,1 Aubrey Cody,1 Anjali Kaur,1 Nejla Liias, 1 Christopher Lindahl,2 Emily Bell,1 Julie Kragh,1 Jessica Mack,1 and Kristin Cox Mehling1 served as researchers and authors of this working paper. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to the development and conceptualization of these case studies: Oliver Sabot Hans Hogerzeil Patricia Mechael Catherine Taylor Kanika Bahl Julia White Kabir Ahmed Mark Young Renee van de Weerdt Deborah Armbruster Jennifer Lockwood-Bergeson Michael Mbizvo Clinton Health Access Initiative Groningen University mHealth Alliance PATH Results for Development Institute UN Secretariat UNFPA UNICEF UNICEF USAID USAID WHO ...
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...Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Chapman, Heather M., "Love: A Biological, Psychological and Philosophical Study" (2011). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 254. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/254 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@etal.uri.edu. 1 Running head: LOVE Love: A biological, psychological and philosophical study. Heather Chapman University of Rhode Island 2 LOVE Dedication This paper is dedicated to the love of my life Jason Matthew Nye October 4,1973 - January 26, 2011 3 LOVE Abstract The concept of love has been an eternally elusive subject. It is a definition and meaning that philosophers, psychologists, and biologists have been seeking since the beginning of time. Wars have been waged and fought over it, while friendships have been initiated and have ended because of this idea. But what exactly is love, and why is it important to define this enigma? In order to help define this idea of love, several books and numerous research articles were consulted, and interviews were conducted with faculty of The University of Rhode Island. Dr. Nasser Zawia was interviewed, in order to help understand the role of neurobiology...
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...Love fact #1 Love makes us crazy For one thing, love causes serotonin levels in the brain to drop, which may lead people to obsess about their lover. The levels of serotonin, a chemical produced by the body, are also low in people who have obsessive-compulsive disorder. Next, it ramps up production of the stress hormone cortisol, leading to slightly higher blood pressure and possible loss of sleep. Scientists at the University of London have found that when people look at their new lover, the neural circuits that are usually in charge of social judgment are suppressed. All in all, love kind of leaves you obsessive, stressed, and blind! Love fact #2 Broken hearts always hurt A new study suggests the psychological hurt of a break up is just as real as a physical injury. Two areas of the brain that respond to physical pain also become activated when a person is dealing with social or romantic pain, such as being dumped. The study’s authors at UCLA used an MRI to monitor brain activity in participants while they played a game simulating social rejection. The researchers believe that the pain of being rejected may have evolved as a motivating force that led humans to seek out social interaction, which is crucial for the survival of most mammals. Love fact #3 Kiss the right way Did you know there is a “right” way to kiss? People are more likely to tilt their heads to the right when kissing instead of left, says a report published in the journal, Nature. A scientist from...
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...Nursing 202: Scheduled Induction Mindy C. Grenade Bucks County Community College Spring, 2014 Ms. Bobbie Table of Contents Abstract 3 Body of paper Introduction 4 History 4 Techniques 6 The Bishop Scoring System 7 Indications 8 Contraindications 10 Risks 12 Nursing 12 Conclusion 15 References Abstract Inducing labor has been occurring since before our time. There are two types of labor inductions, scheduled and elective. For purposes of this paper scheduled inductions will be focused on. A scheduled induction is defined as using artificial methods to start the labor process at a specific time. Inductions are performed for many reasons. In most cases scheduled induction are performed because of medical complications to the baby and/or mother. In healthcare, there has been an increase in incidence regarding scheduled inductions related to convenience for the mother as well as for the doctors. To better understand the complexity of scheduled induction the history has to be addressed. What is the reasoning behind changing the natural birthing process? This paper will explain the methods of induction: pharmacological vs. mechanical, and the indications thereof. Nurse’s play a key role in labor and delivery. They have to be prepared to address and treat their patients’ condition, as well as be knowledgeable on the contraindications of this delicate...
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...us when we meet “the one?” Is it a naturally occurring chemical cocktail mixing together in our brains? Throughout this paper I will be sharing what I’ve found from exploring the topic of love. Hopefully by the end we will all have a better understanding of what love really is. After reading most of the articles I’ve collected about love I’ve noticed that they all refer to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love. This theory suggests that there are three components to love and a different combination of them make up different kinds of love. The three components are intimacy, passion, and commitment. Intimacy and passion make up what is called romantic love. Passion and Commitment make up fatuous love. Commitment and intimacy make up companionate love. If you combined all three components you get consummate love, which is what everyone wants their relationship to have. From a biology stand point; it is hypothesized that things such as hormonal changes, things that happen to you throughout your life, can change your brains chemistry. This can lead to someone being susceptible to stimulation from another person, which ultimately leads them to falling in love. Our choices in one person over another have to do with stimulating positive memories from our early memories which are recorded in our hippocampus, which is also connected to the amygdala. Recent research has examined different types of love. “Which is done by testing for differences in the neural correlates of participants...
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...Through clinical trials and case studies, this article introduces the possibilities of using young blood to rejuvenate damaged tissue, as well as the benefits on Alzheimer’s patients. Research in this field is very important because as we become older, our organs begin to deteriorate and shut down. Having a great-grandmother with Alzheimer’s, she could have benefited from these new discoveries which could have possibly given me more time with her. This article relates to the advancements in scientific research involving a process called Parabiosis, which is when two animals are not only joined surgically, but shares each other’s vascular system. Although research on Parabiosis died out in the 70’s, the method was revived with discoveries in...
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...self-fulfillment by the presence of another human being. Variety of use and meanings, combined with the complexity of feelings and attitudes make love difficult to define. Through cultural and historical perspective, love is an vague term, which has a number of different contexts and nuances. The phenomenon has been perceived and experienced differently throughout history, cultures, and societies. We can write a Custom Research Paper on Love for you! Each historical period and society set its own code of conduct to cope with love. Therefore, the significance can vary from sensory perception to emotion and ethical attitude. Endocrinology of love states an elevated level of phenylethylamine and dopamine, the creation of new neural loops and physiological reactions towards the person we love, such as sweating palms, increased heart rate (adrenaline release). In slightly more than half of the cases, the high hormone level returns to normal within 3-8 years or earlier. Other half shows a new state of equilibrium that can be defined as attachment, for which oxytocin, vasopressin, and serotonin is responsible. However, love is not a simple chain of chemical reactions; it is always a matter of the interior and spirit. Without free will, love does not have a complete personal value. Love needs freedom as the only possible way to exist. College students interested in this topic must deeply study all the material that relates to this issue. The diversity and breadth of the issue...
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...neural and behavioural mechanisms and as such, a central question of human history. Children with aggressive behaviour form a heterogeneous population in relation to certain subtypes of aggressive antisocial behaviour. Callous-unemotional traits (e.g. absence of emotions and blame) are well-studied and temperamentally tied in with acute and persistent antisocial expression in children, which holds the risk for progressing psychopathy later in life (Frick & Viding, 2009) Serotonin levels are thought to contribute to childhood aggressive and antisocial behaviour, which can lead to expression later in adulthood (Raine, 2002). Thus, genetic factors are an inseparable part of the nature of antisocial behaviour, as demonstrated by twin research that has shown that heritability is likely to determine various forms of aggression and personality factors, such as impulsivity and callous-unemotional traits (Moffitt, 2005). Despite the fact that the specific genetic basis of the innate nature of antisocial behaviour has not been firmly demonstrated, a number of studies have proposed that serotonergic dysfunction acts as a trigger for deviant behaviour (Cadoret, Langbehn, Caspers, Troughton, Yucuis, Sandhu & Philibert, 2003). In their study Cadoret et al consider various factors which remain significantly important in...
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...Proteins Mary Ann Edmonds Lincoln College Online Proteins Since studying about nutrition and weight loss and working on each assignment every week and learning new ideas and ways to eat healthier has brought a new perspective to also cook healthy foods for my son as we try to stay away from fast foods. Upon coming to the final learning assessment I already knew which one I was going to do my research paper on and I choose to do proteins because I am learning about them after the weight loss surgery that I had done about three months ago and it has some interesting facts that I did not even know about. So after studying about nutrition we all should know that proteins are molecule cells that are always hidden throughout our body that serve as important functions will also help to defend anybody to help maintain and protect you against any and all invading organisms and to help in maintaining the PH balance that lies within the stomach. Proteins are also known to be made up from amino acids that form a three dimensional shape so that we know the functions of proteins that are hidden throughout our body will also vary by structure. So we will go ahead and list and describe the six different kinds of proteins and their functions on what they do as well. Enzymes is a type of protein that is also known to be called a catalyst and this is so that it speeds up the chemical that lies within the body. I will go ahead and give a good example for this and that would be because...
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...(‘targets’) verbally recounting autobiographical emotional events. Targets varied in trait emotional expressivity, assessed using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire. Perceivers with more autism spectrum traits performed worse on the EA task, particularly when their trait affective empathy was relatively low. Interpersonal deficits in autism spectrum disorder may be partially explained by low cognitive empathy. Further, they might be aggravated by a limited capacity for affective empathy. Citation: aan het Rot M, Hogenelst K (2014) The Influence of Affective Empathy and Autism Spectrum Traits on Empathic Accuracy. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98436. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098436 Editor: Angela Sirigu, French National Centre for Scientific Research, France Received October 3, 2013; Accepted May 4, 2014; Published June 6, 2014 Copyright: 2014 aan het...
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...Professional Achievements (Zafar Iqbal Khan) I am a proven professional with strong human resource management and operational/administration background. I started my career from Pakistan Navy. Complete basic training and start working in executive branch. I was best player of Hockey. Was member team of division in house unit and represents my division in inter division Cup hockey tournament. My performance bring the resulting on Top position. I was represent many time from my unit. Participate in all Pakistan Navy Inter Unit Championship and bring my unit’s team on Top continuously two time. After short while I volunteer for Special Services Group training and complete it. Done sensitive assignments during my service. Got chance to work as junior instructor with Turkish and Saudi Arabian classes. Pakistan Navy groom my capabilities, give me a confidence, worked with pressure and timely deadlines. I got opportunity to work with Bell Canada Telecommunications Company who was the main builder of Telecom Systems under the Ministry of Telecom in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This experience change me totally and learn multi national norms. Learn working style and culture of many types of nationalities like Arabian, Canadian, British and Philippines. After finish the contract of three years come back and join M/S Al-Wakeel Corporation Lahore. My responsibility were over here Maintain contact with companies working in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to fulfill their manpower demand from Pakistan...
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...We’ve all heard it before. An elderly person rants on and on about how “corrupt” the youth of today is. Yes, we’ve seen examples of youth disregarding the idea of being law-abiding citizens, but do youth really deserve all of the blame? Not necessarily so. Today’s youth, like youth throughout time, are being influenced. The problem is just that the influences of today’s world such as, the media, education, drugs, and alcohol are growing steadily negative and poorer in quality. Social networking, the media, music, education, various drugs, and alcohol affect today’s youth in negative ways. Youth and the Media Some of the most influential vectors affecting teenagers are social networks, the media, and music. Social networking sites dominate the time of many teenagers. Paired with the entertainment industry, and things being said on television or the radio, social media can definitely change people's mindsets and emotions. Think about it. Very often, you see children posting statuses on Facebook or tweeting on twitter. And when these kids are watching television, listening to the radio, or reading magazines, often times the wrong messages are being projected to the ears of teens. The result is a changed teenager. The result is a teenager whose mind is being corrupted by the face of a few people. Nowadays, many teens have a Facebook account. The website is simple. You upload some statuses, you like somebody's pictures, you see what your friends like and update. Even though...
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...Childhood maltreatment and abuse can have extensive implications on individuals later on in adulthood. To date, numerous studies have found associations between the prevalence of childhood trauma and the global reduction of anatomical structures of the brain, particularly those associated with emotional and stress processing (Ahmed-Leitao et al, 2016; Poletti et al., 2016; Souza-Quiroz et al. 2016). Similarly, many papers have cited functional alterations present with an increased amount of childhood trauma (Duncan et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2014). Considering altered structure and function of emotion and stress areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate and others,...
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...Introduction Since the rise of Internet in early 1990s the world’s networked population has grown from the low millions to the low billions. Over the same period, social media has become a fact of life for civil society worldwide. Regular citizens, companies, activists, NGO’s, software providers and last but not least government and politics use social media as a new form of communication (Foreignaffairs, 2011). One of the most famous politicians who started to use the power of social media in his political campaigns was Barack Obama. The key differenc of Obama’s campaign strategy in contrast to his competitors was that Obama used social media to communicate and organize individuals by using social media. By using technologies such as computers, cell phones, web sites and many more he reached the goal of every politicians to connect his followers, delivered them with interesting news as well as to build up a strong community. Nevertheless not only Obama tooke advantage of the undeniable power of Social Media and its technologies. Over the past years our society realized it’s power, and there might only be few companies left in the western world that are not represented on at least one Social Media Platform (Obama Buch). But maybe one of the most important topics when we’re talking about Social Media is the reachability of Mass and therefore the political Mass Movements that keep emerging from Social Media Platforms. We might only think about the Occupy Movement, Arab Spring...
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...- Physiology - When lab rats are stressed repeatedly, the amygdala – an almond shaped nub in the center of the brain – enlarges dramatically. This swelling comes at the expense of the hippocampus, which is crucial for learning and memory, and shrinks under sever stress. The main job of the amygdala is to perceive danger and help generate the stress response; it’s the brain area turned on by dark alleys and Hitchcock movies. Unfortunately, a swollen amygdala means that were more likely to notice potential threats in the first place, which means we spend more time in a state of anxiety (snowball effect). The end result is that we become more vulnerable to the very thing that’s killing us. - Chemistry - When people feel stressed, a tiny circuit in the amygdala triggers the release of glucocorticoids, a family of stress hormones that puts the body in a heightened state of alert. The molecules are named after their ability to rapidly increase levels of glucose in the blood, thus providing muscles with a burst of energy. They also shut down all nonessential bodily processes, such as digestion and immune response. This is the body’s way of being efficient with its resources. When you’re being chased by a lion, you don’t want to waste resources on the small intestine. You’ll digest food some other time. You need every ounce of energy to get away and survive. But glucocorticoids have a nasty side effect. When they linger in the bloodstream (as they might due to chronic stress...
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