...Introduction In most cases, being a good corporate citizen goes hand in hand with high levels of political competence. This statement rings true when it comes to the formulation of health policies. Health executives must always consider a multitude of factors before jotting down any sort of health policies. This is because the implications resulting from implementing a health policy are quite numerous since that policy affects a lot of individuals. Seasoned executives who have mastered the skills of political competence are able to analyze factors that might crop up as a result of pushing for the implementation of a particular health policy, thus enabling them to identify potential pit falls that might pose challenges in the future. There have always been a lot of misconceptions on the topic of political competency, with most people associating this concept with actual politics. Although the issue of political competency applies largely to the field of politics, it can still be incorporated in other different dimensions. Political skill or competence is the “ability to read, understand, and exert influence and control in social situations in a way that is not seen as overt or controlling” (Ahearn, Ferris, Horchwarter, Douglas and Ammeter 2004 p.309). On the other hand, a good corporate citizen can be defined by incorporating Matten and Crane (2005) limited view of corporate citizenship which basically denotes corporate philanthropy in the local community. Although other views...
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...An analysis of the Future challenges affecting Health Care Management Name Class Date of submission Healthcare sector in a number of developing countries “take into account the large percentage of such country’s economy.”1 For this reason, healthcare plays a significant role in the economy of any country. Largely, it goes beyond other industries such as the agricultural, education, telecommunications, or even tourism. Having a healthy lifestyle is the dream of every person nowadays. In most of the countries, healthcare system’s history interlocks with the way the community develops as well as its social structures. According to Englebardt and Nelson (2002), local municipalities, trade unions, voluntary organizations, charities, and religious groups, all strive to build the healthcare companies along with the existing systems. The institutions that support healthcare services in the whole country get basis from an environment full of social as well as political factors, and, factors that play very significant in this area. However, despite these factors, the future of healthcare is at stake because of a number of the following inexorable as well as challenging trends. * Shift in demography * Changing user expectations * Rise in the costs as assessed from a global viewpoint * Technological innovation speed Since it is so hard to make things add up in the health sector, as at now, it would be equally hard in the future and perhaps impossible if the current...
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...balThe global pharmaceutical industry THE GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION According to Hunter s. Thomas "you can turn your back on person, but never turn your back on a drug, especially when it's waving a razor sharp hunting." The global pharmaceutical industry had done tremendous contribution to mankind, but now pharmaceutical companies are facing tough time in a decade. The case is broken in to different parts which is emphasized on how internal and external factors affecting the industry firstly, the main environmental forces currently affecting the industry through PEST analysis. Secondly, the implications of the changes in business environment that is internal factors through porter's five force theory. Finally, the use and limitations of the tools applied to solve case are discussed. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION The present pharmaceutical industries are non-assembled and more of competitive but it had emerged in early 19th century in the Rhine valley near Basel Switzerland where dyestuffs were found to have antiseptic properties. Companies like Hoffman-la rochy, Sandoz, Novartis are all started as Rhine based family dyestuff and chemical companies, which are still doing tremendous business even to day. Slowly these chemical companies started making pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemicals and evolved as global players. In early 1940's the industry showed drastic changes such as introduction of penicillin and other drugs. In 1960's industry growing rapidly with...
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...THE VALUE OF ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS: HOME NURSING PROVIDERS ABSTRACT In business, analytics tool is a fast emergent field and there are many tools obtainable in the market to serve the essential needs of organizations. Analytical tools are used to help managers in making clear decision on the outcome of their findings enabling a shift in how businesses support operational decisions: from intuition to data-driven. Thus, analytics tools enable businesses to make better, more informed decisions and compete more successfully. In today’s global business environment, managers require the latest analytical and decision-support tools to cope with market complexity, regulatory change and pervasive uncertainty. For companies, the most valuable tools are those woven into the fabric of day-to-day business activities: forecasting trends, sizing markets, benchmarking practices, assessing risks, and quantifying results. INTRODUCTION Strategic analysis as an independent object of scientific study has been dealt with but insufficiently (Vaitkevičius et al., 2002). It has been reviewed, however, by comparatively numerous authors. It may be stated that some authors assigned more functions to strategic analysis (Lindblom, 1959); Cyert and March, 1963; Hammeresh et al., 1978; Porter, 1980; Stoner and Fry, 1987; Johnson and Scholes, 1993; Rowe et al., 1994; Grant, 1998; Peel et al., 1996; Godet, 2000; Barnes, 2002; Analoui and Karami, 2003; Eng, 2004; McNamee et al...
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...Q1 Using Pestel Analysis, identify what environmental factors are affecting big pharmaceutical companies strategically? Introduction Johnson and Scholes (2002) p10 define strategy as “the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment and to fulfil stakeholder expectations.” The purpose of an environmental scan is to develop a list of diverse variables from an uncertain and complex world to offer actionable responses and in so doing allow a structured framework for defensive or offensive actions. The Pharmaceutical Industry environment is an ethical drugs industry aimed at providing beneficial products and services for human consumptions as well as chemical medicaments and biotechnology. The 21st century has brought about changes within the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry today is highly competitive non-assembled global industry. To define the non-assembled aspect of the industry is where manufactures components parts or materials are relied on for example glass, woodwork and chemicals. It was in the sixties and seventies that the pharmaceutical industry was to expand rapidly as it was a period referred to as the spending boom. Research and development (R and D) was also a major investment and trust which was provided for Universities and education institutions. Pencillin which was the major discovery in the pharmaceutical industry...
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...Task 1 Question 1.1 Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. (Marketing Management, P38) The goal of marketing is to capture value from customers to create profits and customer quality. Marketing process includes: 1. Understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants. 2. Design a customer-driven marketing strategy. 3. Construct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value. 4. Build profitable relationships and create customer delight. 5. Capture value from customers to create profits and customer quality. (Marketing Management, P38-39) The elements of marketing process include situation analysis, marketing strategy, marketing mix decisions and implementation and control. In OSIM’s case, it understands people have great needs for health, hygiene, fitness and nutrition products. The targeted market is the whole population. Then, OSIM aims to develop innovative healthy lifestyle products for these needs and wants, and develop a strong and trusted brand in these areas. In building relationships with customers and providing them healthy lifestyle products, OSIM is also building a large network of outlets, advertising through newspapers, magazines, etc, as well as franchising to foreign countries. Finally, through the whole marketing process, OSIM has captured value from customers and created profits for themselves...
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...to the multitude of determinants of health, health promotion needs cooperation of community and healthcare professionals (Jadelhack, 2012). Health promotion is a planned activity intended to create health, or illness-related learning. Health promotion could also be viewed as an addition to, or stand-in for, an older attempt on the prevention of disease (Tengland, 2010). Health promotion, unlike disease prevention, attempts to modify sociopolitical factors, contesting societal norms. It intends to enable the worst off, providing resources to modify their lives, providing some societal equality. Empowerment is a strategy that starts from the bottom and works its way up to the more fortunate. The terms health promotion and disease prevention allude to skilled actions. Health promotion implies a profession, and is viewed to as overly medically oriented, overly dependent upon prevention, displacement of risk and healthcare (Tengland, 2010). Nursing roles and responsibilities are evolving in health care. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) (2009) showed that health-improving methods carried out by nurses practicing within various contexts offer perfect circumstances for health promotion, creating healthy environments. Nurses are instrumental in creating an avenue for good health through health promotion. Nurses practice health promotion education in communities, positively affecting health. Some of these acts involve breastfeeding education, hypertension prevention and control...
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...Opportunities…………………………………………………………………….......4-5 Threats…….……………………………………………………………..………….....5 External Factors Impacting Decisions………………………………………………5-7 Possible Future Scenarios…………………………………………………………...7-8 Recommendations for Changes in Culture, Leadership, and/or Structure…………..8-9 Summary/Conclusions………………………………………………………………...9 Reference…………………………………………………………………………10-11 Introduction/Overview To start a company, a person or group of people must realize that it is a bumpy ride from the beginning, and that only those who are prepare enough will succeed. They have to follow multiple rigorous steps and come up with innovative strategies to prove that they have what it takes to be successful in the business. Pfizer Inc. is a company that has proven itself throughout time. They are the world’s largest research based pharmaceutical company and were also recognized by Fortune magazine as the world’s largest pharmaceutical company by profit and second largest by revenue, only next to Johnson and Johnson (Fortune, 2013). Pfizer Inc. have evolve throughout the years along with science and have been responsible for the discovery and marketing of some of the world’s most innovative drugs like, Lipitor (use to decrease cholesterol), Lyrica (use for treatment of fibromyalgia), Zithromax (a renown antibiotic), and many others. Although they focus mainly on human drugs, they also produce animal and consumer healthcare products. The company have apply their science and global resources to help and make...
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...Elderly Lesbians and Breast Cancer Cancer health disparities have been documented in specific populations in the United States. Elderly lesbians are one such population, with factors related to lifestyle, socioeconomic status, healthcare practices, and access to services (Brown & Tracy, 2008). There is a pressing need for understanding of the health care disparities faced by elderly lesbians, so that the needs of this group can be adequately met. In the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Several risk factors for breast cancer are at least partially modifiable, and are present more among the lesbian population than heterosexual women (Brown & Tracy, 2008). Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women worldwide, with rates significantly higher in developed nations. Over 80% of all female breast cancers occur among post-menopausal women. Breast cancer is not primarily found to be hereditary, but women who have the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (which can be inherited) have a considerably higher breast cancer risk (Miller, 2012). Lesbian elders have particular well-being requirements, but often suffer from subpar care and reduced access to services. Fear of discrimination, low rates of health insurance, and negative experiences or feelings of discrimination by healthcare providers are all issues that have been documented to lead to increased rates of breast cancer among lesbian elders in comparison with heterosexual women (Barnes, 2012). Poor...
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...Forces and Trends Research Forces and Trends Research Firms that have achieved long-term profitability and sustainability acknowledge that strategic management is an enterprise-wide imperative. The dynamism, ever-evolving, and ever-threatened landscapes of today’s business environments make acquiring the knowledge of strategic management, or at least possessing a strategic mind-set, necessary for all employees. Pearce and Robinson define strategic management as the “set of of decisions and actions that result in the formulation and implementation of plans designed to achieve a company's objectives” (2004, p.3). This paper reviews six firms and the forces and trends in the remote and industry environments that affect them. The firms are Wellpoint, Inc, The Alzheimer’s Association, ABB Ltd., The Beth El Synagogue. AkzoNobel and Steinway Musical Instruments, Inc. Specific areas of focus within the remote environment include economic factors, social factors, buyer power, technological factors, political factors, ecological factors, and entry threats. Specific areas of focus within the industry environment include buyer power, product differentiation, industry structure, substitute products, entry threats, powerful buyers and suppliers, and jockeying for position (Pearce and Robinson, 2004). Research in forces and trends allows a corporation to better understand their [pronoun agreement: since the antecedent (corporation) is singular, the pronoun (their) must be singular...
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...Examine Nurse-to-Patient Ratios Primary health care organizations such as New York Presbyterian (NYP) are impacted by low nurse-to-patient ratios. The recent implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has required organizations such as NYP to explore many approaches to improve quality and patient outcomes that contain costs. “Numerous studies reveal an association between higher levels of experienced RN staffing and lower rates of adverse patient outcomes” (www.nursingworld.org, 2015, para. 1). For this reason, nurse-to-patient ratios is an issue that needs to be addressed at NYP in order to improve quality healthcare within their organization. The acuity of the unit in which patient care is being provided, should determine the acceptable nurse-to-patient ratio. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), factors that influence the nurse staffing needs include: patient complexity, acuity, or stability; number of admissions, discharges, and transfers; professional nursing and other staff skill level and expertise; physical space and layout of the nursing unit; availability of or proximity to technological support or other resources ("Optimal Nurse Staffing," 2015). Currently, New York is one of only fourteen states that addresses the nurse staffing issue in hospitals. New York State requires organizations such as NYP to disclose their nurse-to-patient staffing ratios to the public; however the state does not require a minimum nurse-to-patient...
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...Accountable Care Organizations: Key to Transforming Healthcare? The Talia Goldsmith, MHA Candidate 2011 Suffolk University Sawyer Business School HLTH 890AE: Healthcare Strategic Management Professor Richard H. Gregg, M.A., M.B.A. April 28, 2011 Table of Contents Objective .....................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................3 Overview of ACOs as a Mandate and an Opportunity for Healthcare Organizations............................................................................................................................4 Examples of Missions, Visions, Values and Goals for ACOs........................................6 Mission ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Vision ....................
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...Article Factors influencing healthcare service quality Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad* Abstract Background: The main purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence healthcare quality in the Iranian context. Methods: Exploratory in-depth individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 222 healthcare stakeholders including healthcare providers, managers, policy-makers, and payers to identify factors affecting the quality of healthcare services provided in Iranian healthcare organisations. Results: Quality in healthcare is a production of cooperation between the patient and the healthcare provider in a supportive environment. Personal factors of the provider and the patient, and factors pertaining to the healthcare organisation, healthcare system, and the broader environment affect healthcare service quality. Healthcare quality can be improved by supportive visionary leadership, proper planning, education and training, availability of resources, effective management of resources, employees and processes, and collaboration and cooperation among providers. Conclusion: This article contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that provides policy-makers and managers a practical understanding of factors that affect healthcare service quality. Keywords: Healthcare Organisations, Quality, Pluralistic Evaluation, Iran Copyright: © 2014 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences Citation: Mosadeghrad AM. Factors influencing...
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...indicator of quality in healthcare institutions; sustainable nursing workloads improve the quality of health care by reducing unsafe conditions, as well as reducing mortality and morbidity. Several literature reviews have clearly identified the consequences for patients when nurses are overtaxed or over utilized to bridge the gap of nursing shortages. According to Mckee et al, each patient added to nurses’ workloads (beyond four patients) is associated with a seven percent increase in mortality following common surgical procedures (McKee, M. 1999). Recent health reform legislation has further stimulated increased awareness and focuses on patient centered care, and emphasizes on the importance of the patients’ experience. Moreover, patients’ expectations of their caregivers to be positively engaged in their work and performing efficiently and effectively in a supportive environment are prudent. However, several challenges are being encountered by nurses, as they strive to meet the mandates of the aforementioned health care reform. Challenges resulting from unfavorable working conditions that are not conducive to the provision of patient centered care that is safe and effective (IOM, 2003). The snowballing effect of inadequate staffing that imposes increased workloads, extended work periods mandatory overtime also generate work related stress and burnout, that directly affect patient care delivery and outcomes. Researchers have suggested that the work environment and staffing levels...
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...Program Project Technology Resolution Business Plan Background and Introduction Technology Resolution is a Premier Information Technology Company formed by three Sierra Leoneans who studied in the United States and aim to introduce twentieth century technology to their country of birth Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is amongst the least developed countries in West Africa with a population of about 5.8 million people. They are well known for their natural resources like diamonds, titanium ore (rutile), bauxite, gold, iron ore, platinum, chromite, manganese, as well as forests, abundant fresh water and rich offshore fishing grounds. However they are still underdeveloped because they lack the technological know-how and machinery to tap into their natural resources (Sierra Leone, 2012). The telecommunication infrastructure of this country was heavily damaged during an eleven years of senseless war and the internet service is currently very slow and expensive. The lack of advanced methods and technology to maintain an efficient database system is having an adverse effect on the productivity of different companies from all over the world who have bombarded this country to tap into their mineral resources. Sierra Leone became one of the ideal locations to establish Technology Resolution because the culture, language, legal system, and business practices of its customer base is well known by its owners (Collins, 2006). In addition, Sierratel is the...
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