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Packet Filtering

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Submitted By strightupr
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Packet Filtering

Index
Should arriving packet be allowed in? Should a departing packet be let out?
Filter packet-by-packet, making decisions to forward/drop a packet based on:

Functions of Packet Filter
Control: Allow only those packets that you are interested in to pass through.
Security: Reject packets from malicious outsiders
Watchfulness: Log packets to/from outside world
In a software firewall, packet filtering is done by a program called a packet filter. The packet filter examines the header of each packet based on a specific set of rules, and on that basis, decides to prevent it from passing (called DROP) or allow it to pass (called ACCEPT).

There are three ways in which a packet filter can be configured, once the set of filtering rules has been defined. In the first method, the filter accepts only those packets that it is certain are safe, dropping all others. This is the most secure mode, but it can cause inconvenience if legitimate packets are inadvertently dropped. In the second method, the filter drops only the packets that it is certain are unsafe, accepting all others. This mode is the least secure, but is causes less inconvenience, particularly in casual Web browsing. In the third method, if the filter encounters a packet for which its rules do not provide instructions, that packet can be quarantined, or the user can be specifically queried concerning what should be done with it. This can be inconvenient if it causes numerous dialog boxes to appear, for example, during Web browsing.

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