Inhibition subscale (8 items) measures how frequently angry feelings are suppressed or inhibited. The STAXI-II is one of the most commonly used assessments in research and clinical settings [42].
6- Pain Catastrophizing will be measured using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). The PCS consists of 13 items reflecting different thoughts and feelings that individuals may experience when they are in pain [43]. Using a 5-point scale with the endpoints 0 (not at all) and 4 (all the time), participants will indicate the degree to which they experienced these thoughts and feelings when they were on pain. It has been shown that the PCS has high internal consistency [43].
7- Acculturation will be measured using the Acculturation Rating Scale of Arab Americans-II [ARSAA-II]) [44]. The ARSAA-II will be used because it assesses acculturation on a bidimensional basis and measures various aspects of acculturation including language, ethnic identification, and cultural practices [45]. The ARSAA-II has been validated [44] and been used in research related to Arabs’ health [46,47]. …show more content…
Then, liner regression analyses will be conducted to analyze and understand the relationship between the IEQ and pain intensity, self-reported disability, depression, anger, pain catastrophizing, and acculturation.

Aim 3. Examine the potential role of modulating socio-demographic and/ or cultural factors to perceived