...Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Although pain is a universal experience, its exact nature remains a mystery. It is known that pain is highly subjective and individual and that it is one of the body’s defense mechanisms that indicate a problem. Unrelieved pain presents both physiologic and psychologic dangers to health and recovery. McCaffery 1999, defines pain as “whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he (or she) says it does.” Basic to this definition is the care provider’s willingness to believe that the client is experiencing pain and that the client is the real authority on that pain. Health care professionals recently have focused on the positive effects of humor and laughter on health and disease. Humor involves the ability to discover, express, or appreciate the comical or absurdly incongruous, to be amused by one’s own imperfections or the whimsical aspects of life, and to see the funny side of an otherwise serious situation. Humor in nursing is defined as helping the client “to perceive, appreciate, and express what is funny, amusing, or ludicrous in order to establish relationships, relieve tension, release anger, facilitate learning, or cope with a painful feeling” (McCloskey 2000). Many health care settings are now interested in providing humor as a caring skill and have recognized that “laughter is the best medicine.” “Humor rooms” are being created for clients and staff that are supplied with...
Words: 4396 - Pages: 18
...International Classification of Diseases Coding II Chapter 17 – 27 Chapter 17: 1. Which of the following anemias is caused by a failure of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells and may be congenital or acquired? A. Bone marrow deficiency anemia B. Sickle-cell anemia C. Aplastic anemia D. Thalassemia 2. Which of the following terms refers to either a reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin or a reduction in the volume of red blood cells? E. Anemia F. Coagulation defect G. Thrombocytopenia H. Leukocytosis 3. When a diagnostic statement of anemia is not qualified in any way, what should the coder do? I. Review the record for a surgical procedure; and if the patient had surgery, code as anemia due to acute blood loss. J. Review the medical record before assigning an unspecified type of anemia. K. Review the medical record to determine if the patient has been prescribed iron tablets, and code as iron-deficiency anemia. L. Review the medical record to determine if the patient has received chemotherapy, and assign the code for anemia due to antineoplastic chemotherapy. 4. Which of the following statements is true regarding a patient with documented sickle-cell trait? M. The patient has sickle-cell disease. N. Both of the patient’s parents carried the sickle-cell gene. O. The code for sickle-cell disease should be assigned. P. The patient received...
Words: 10050 - Pages: 41
...unexplained chest pain Margaretha Jerlock MSc, RN, RNT Lecturer, Faculty of Health and Caring Science, Institute of Nursing, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, ¨ Goteborg, Sweden ¨ Fannie Gaston-Johansson PhD, RN Professor, Faculty of Health and Caring Science, Institute of Nursing, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, ¨ Goteborg, Sweden, and Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA ¨ Ella Danielson PhD, RN Associate Professor, Faculty of Health and Caring Science, Institute of Nursing, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg ¨ University, Goteborg, Sweden ¨ Submitted for publication: 19 July 2004 Accepted for publication: 1 February 2005 Correspondence: Margaretha Jerlock Institute of Nursing The Sahlgrenska Academy Goteborg University ¨ Box 457, SE-40530 Goteborg ¨ Sweden Telephone: þ46 31 773 60 39 E-mail: margaretha.jerlock@fhs.gu.se 956 J E R L O C K M , G A S T O N - J O H A N S S O N F & D A N I E L S O N E ( 2 0 0 5 ) Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 956–964 Living with unexplained chest pain Aim. The aim was to describe patients’ experience of unexplained chest pain, and how the pain affected their everyday life. Background. Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to consult the emergency department. Often no clear ischaemic heart disease or any other somatic explanation is found. Exploring the pain experience and how the pain affects everyday life...
Words: 6575 - Pages: 27
...FALLING IN LOVE BY: ANONYMOUS When you think of your past love, you may view it as a failure. But when you find a new love, you view the past as a teacher. In the game of love, it doesn't really matter who won or who lost. What is important is you know when to hold on and when to let go! You know you really love someone when you want him or her to be happy, even if his or her happiness means that you're not part of it. Everything happens for the best. If the person you love doesn't love you back, don't be afraid to love someone else again, for you'll never know unless you give it a try. You'll never truly love a person you love unless you RISK FOR LOVE. Love strives in hurting. If you don't get hurt, you don't learn how to love. Love doesn't hurt all the time, though the hurting is still there to test you and to help you grow. Don't find love, let love find you. That's why it's called falling in love because you don't force yourself to fall. You just fall. You cannot finish a book without closing its chapters. If you want to go on, then you have to leave the past as you turn the pages. Love is not destroyed by a single failure nor won by a single caress. It is a lifetime venture in which we are always learning, relearning, discovering, rediscovering, and growing. The greatest irony of love is LETTING GO WHEN YOU WANT TO HOLD ON and HOLDING ON WHEN YOU NEED TO LET GO. We lose someone we love only when we are destined to find someone else who can love us even more than we can love...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
...Indivdual Client Health History and examination Chinnu Varkey-Andrews NRS 434V Instructor: Michale Jones Grant canyon University July 15, 2012 Health History and Examination | | | |Student Name: Chinnu Varkey-Andrews |Date: 7/13/2012 | | | | | |Client/Patient Initials: G.K. |Sex: Male |Age: 35 | | | |Occupation of Client/Patient: Scrub technologist | |Health History/Review of Systems | | | |Neurological System: No history of headaches, head injuries, dizziness, convulsions, tremors, ...
Words: 2140 - Pages: 9
...The Three Angeles in Hawk In William Wallis’s autobiographical novel, Hawk, the author quickly establishes that a tender child, Will Flake, will be bombarded with challenging circumstances that will provoke a constant struggle in his young life. Wallis chronicles the growing pains of this seven-year-old child of agony, pain, and suffrage. Growing up in the early 1950’s in Arkansas, Wallis recalls his perception of his family life and survival. Living on a self-sustained farm, Will helped maintain through chores and strict guidance from his father. Who was the source of the pain, and who was anything but supportive. His father possessed a monstrous side of violence, which piled on more pain in spirit than of course physically. Having suffered and survived through his unconventional childhood experiences of pains and disappointments, he was cursed and blessed at the same time. A horrible accident in the woods caused him to become crossed-eyed, and blinded his right eye forever. At school, his peers mercilessly bullied him for being different, leaving him with insecurities. He endures pain and punishments from his father, Will is not simply “hurt by the anger of his father,” but doesn’t seem to comprehend it at such a young age, as he is beaten unconscious by him on page 41 (Wallis, Hawk). Despite it all, he stays strong in the face of abuse, mocking and humiliations. On the contrary, there are things aside from Wills troubles that are blessings. Will survives his childhood with...
Words: 1044 - Pages: 5
...“Can God Allow Innocent Suffering” Most of us wonder why things happen to us the way they do. We base what happens around our beliefs and values. Some people consider things such as natural disasters or a loved one dying being innocent suffering. This question is debated between whether it can be accepted or there isn’t anything causing or stopping it from happening in the first place. So the question is, can God allow innocent suffering. The Contradictor discusses that there isn’t a God at all. People will do their best to explain why their beliefs are true. In all reality, facts are facts and unless people are able to support their reasons then the facts will always override the opinions. People are always going through something, whether it be personal or happening to many. People do stupid things like school shootings and innocent children suffer. Fires break out and kill an innocent family in the middle of the night. Hurricanes that cover the area of more the three states causes thousands to loose their homes and personal belongings, have no way to get shelter and are starving. Do these people deserve to be put through all of this and later in life to only look at it like it was a tragedy. The question is why people suffer. If there is a God, why would these bad things happen to innocent people. Its obvious that God can do what he wants and if he wants to eliminate it (and why would he not?), then why do people still go through these tragedies? If we are capable of doing...
Words: 874 - Pages: 4
...with a pain she has never felt before. At first, the pain just felt like "cramps telling me I needed to go to the restroom" according to A.H. but as the morning progressed the pain became sharper and nauseating. Finally, a family member came to visit and found A.H lying on the bathroom floor in excruciating pain with tears running down her cheeks. Once the pain became too much to bear around 10 a.m., A.H.'s sister decided it was time to make a trip to the emergency room. Upon arrival to the ER lobby around 10:30, the pain was everywhere causing symptoms of shortness of breath along with feelings of being dizzy and lightheaded. The lobby had three people waiting resulting in a significant wait time for a room. A.H. stated "it felt like an eternity before I was able to get into a bed and get medication to help with the pain". Once in the room, it took over twenty minutes before anyone other than the tech who brought A.H. back to the room to come in and assess her. The first person to step into the room, according to A.H. sister, was a person that was just "stocking the room" which to her was "very rude and inappropriate for the time and situation". With this happening, frustration hit an all-time high for the sister and the pain was so unbearable the A.H. was unable to move in the slightest manner. Finally, a nurse came into the room amount 30 minutes into length of stay to assess and get history of the current medical problem. Due to the generalized pain, pain medications...
Words: 833 - Pages: 4
...Raising Children with Corporal Punishment By Lynn Collier With my head hung between my knees, I sat on my bed dreading the sound of my dad’s beat up, old pickup truck rumbling down the dirt road to our house. I was caught smoking cigarettes with my friend Chuck, and I sat waiting for the punishment that followed. At that time, I honestly wished Mom had dealt with me instead of Dad. Being the deviant child that I was, I knew what was coming. First, I’d get the lecture from Mom as Dad would listen while making that disappointed face. It would end with a spanking from Dad’s large, worn-out leather belt. And that’s just the way it happened. Chuck had it easier; he just received a week of grounding. Funny thing, though, even though Chuck’s parents and my parents were non-smokers, Chuck smokes a minimum of a pack of cigarettes a day now, whereas I have never smoked a cigarette since then. Looking back, I wouldn’t change a single thing about that experience or the others that accompanied my mistakes. I learned valuable lessons about right and wrong and accepting the consequences of my actions. A major controversy in American society today is the debate on the use of corporal punishment by parents for disciplining their children. The use of corporal punishment has both supporters and opponents with opinions, statistics, and evidence for their views on the issue. I believe there is a big difference in a reasonable use of force for discipline and child abuse. Having experienced...
Words: 916 - Pages: 4
...states it has improved. Pt states overall health as good. Eyes: Pt is myopic in which she wears glasses and contacts. She denies any changes in vision and pain. Ears, nose, mouth, and throat (ENT): Pt states she has no changes in auditory function. Pt denies congestion. Pt denies any soreness in her throat, no hoarseness or pain noted. Cardiovascular: Patient denies any palpitations, lightheadedness, or angina. No claudication noted. Pt denies and calf tenderness or swelling. Respiratory: Pt denies dyspnea on exertion, cough, wheeze, and decrease exercise tolerance. Gastrointestinal: Pt denies any pain, discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Pt states she has a bowel movement daily, last one this morning, moderate in size and formed. Denies any changes in stool character. Pt denies s/s of GERD. Genitourinary: Pt states she is continent. Denies pain with urination. States that urine is clear, yellow. Denies frequency, urgency, and hematuria. Musculoskeletal: Pt states she does have back pain that has worsened over the past two weeks. Denies trauma, pain is location between clavicles on thoracic spine. Pain is localized and does not radiate. Pain is made worse with physical activity. With activity pain can be a level 6 out of 10. Quality of pain is described as dull constant aching. Pain is managed by NSAIDs when needed and rest. Patient is to see her PCP on 2/6/14. Integument: Denies rash, wounds, pruritis, lesions, and changes in skin, hair...
Words: 400 - Pages: 2
...believed would aid in my research. The words I used for searching were: TKR, total knee care, and managing total knee replacement. The contributing factors gave me the articles that related to my patient that I had cared for in clinicals. These searches took me to the information that I was in need of for my paper. Turner’s (2011) primary focus was about care prior to surgery, during, post-operatively, and nursing care. Although this article is a basic overview from preoperative care to discharge, her agenda is clear that importance of risk factors, assessments and labs should be monitored. The main emphasis of this article is to follow assessments and interventions post operatively. Starting with vital signs and trending them as well as pain status and level of consciousness....
Words: 1885 - Pages: 8
...Reflection about The little rain This short poem tells me that life is full of challenges. There is a rain but after wards sunshine that symbolize hope and happiness. No doubt, life is beautiful and every moment – a celebration of being alive, but one should be always ready to face adversity and challenges. A person who has not encountered difficulties in life can never achieve success. Life is beautiful but not always easy, it has problems, too, and the challenge lies in facing them with courage, letting the beauty of life act like a relief, which makes the pain acceptable, during trying times, by providing hope. There was a time that the storm came to our family. Not the simple one but it risks the life of my mother. She was diagnosed late back at 1999 that she had dengue. Before dengue don’t have much cure and medication. Days pass by and my mother became weak but my father and our family didn’t give up. She was sent to manila to have the medication there. I and my sister were left here in Bicol. Then when they came back my mother is full of tears in her eyes. She hugged us and whispered “I’m home honey” and we as 7 year-old child. I just hug her back and tears fell to my eyes. That was the most painful part of my childhood days as I realized today. It might take away my mother. Thank God they give us another chance to be with...
Words: 256 - Pages: 2
...Running head: CANCER PAIN MANAGEMENT 1 Cancer Pain Management Lavon R. Williams University of South Alabama Running head: CANCER PAIN MANAGEMENT Cancer Pain Management Cancer is rapidly becoming a chronic illness, and an estimated that 10 million individuals in the United States are survivors of cancer (Sun, Borneman, Piper, Koczywas, & Ferrell, 2008). According to 2008, cancer statistics from the American Cancer Society, about 2 565,650 people die in the United States from cancer every year. Approximately 1.6 million new cases of cancer are expected to be diagnosed in the United States this year (American Cancer Society, 2012). This is why the health care needs of cancer patients are unique, and many are at risk for developing late or long-term side effects and pain from their primary treatments. These long-term effects may also hinder optimal physical, psychological, and cognitive functioning for patients (Sun et al., 2008). Pain is experienced by 30% to 50% of cancer patients receiving treatment and by 70% to 90% of patients with metastatic or advanced disease. In almost every cancer-related case pain is inadequately managed due to a lack of patient and professional knowledge of optimum management (Sun et al., 2008). This paper will discuss how nurses can help provide adequate pain management in advanced cancer patients. Patient and family needs Support for the patient and family may include education and information, coping skills, counseling and psychotherapy...
Words: 1606 - Pages: 7
...Procedural Pain Management for the Early Childhood Patient: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis of Pain BLK, RN, BSN The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N5327 Analysis of Theories in Nursing Xxxx, xx October 8, 2013 Procedural Pain Management for the Early Childhood Patient Children presenting to the emergency department are often subjected to painful and anxiety-producing procedures, both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment of symptoms. Historically, pediatric patients have not been afforded the same level of care as adults with regard to the management of procedural pain. Pain in the young child age group (1-7 years) has often been under-treated, resulting in increased fear of the healthcare setting and postponement of necessary immunizations and procedures by the patients and parents. Close examination of the concept of pain – specifically, procedural pain in the young child age group in the emergency department (ED) setting, is necessary for understanding how nursing practice may be improved in order to produce a more positive patient experience. A thoughtful review of current literature will provide insight into the concept of pediatric pain, permitting a detailed analysis. This analysis will assist in the formulation of theoretical and operational definitions of the concept for use in further study. Review of Literature A review of literature was conducted to compare and contrast...
Words: 4757 - Pages: 20
...Review Starting Step III opioids for moderate to severe pain in cancer patients: Dose titration: A systematic review Palliative Medicine 25(5) 424–430 ! The Author(s) 2010 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0269216310386280 pmj.sagepub.com ˚ Pal Klepstad Pain and Palliation Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Intensive Care, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway Stein Kaasa Pain and Palliation Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Palliative Care, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway Petter C Borchgrevink Pain and Palliation Research Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Center for Pain and Complex Disorders, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway Abstract The European Association for Palliative Care recommendation for starting morphine for cancer pain is dose titration with immediate release (IR) oral morphine given every 4 h with additionally doses for breakthrough pain. As part of a EU 6th framework programme to revise the guidelines we review the evidence regarding starting treatment and dose ...
Words: 4345 - Pages: 18
