Introduction Many studies although differ from one another indicates that one of the factors that prevents the safety and acquisition of full potential of a student is school violence. School violence is the name given to the violence occurring in school that includes issues like bullying, gangs, violence between the school children and physical harm by school students to the teachers and staffs. One of the causes of school violence in the Philippines is the Filipino’s value of “pakikisama” which occur in school environment when a student in the act being united with their peers is pressured to do the same violent behavior as their peers that causes violence against their other classmates. It starts with “pakikisalamuha” or act of mixing in which they acquire the same violent trait their peers possesses, then “pakikilahok” or act of joining in which they manifest the same violent actions that their friends do such as bullying others then “pakikibagay” or act of conformity with their peers in which they acquire the negative behavior of their friends. Bullying is one of the major causes for violence in school. With the help of power, students go off their limits to seek fun. This 5 minutes fun can be dangerous if done in wrong sense. Before this so called New Millennium and Computer Age came, school was considered to be safe but due to this school violence they no longer remain a safe place. Though the cases of violence are quite rare but still a check is required. It is a world known fact that parents send their children to school for studies . But if their children are becoming violent or if they are being troubled by other children then it is a matter of great concern for them. School violence is a problem not only in Philippines schools but the world. School administrators and authorities are unable to solve this problem without proper support of parents and teachers. These facts prompted the researcher to make a case study on violence and school safety and it aims to provide knowledge and information about the violence experienced by the students inside the school.

Sample Situation
ABC national High School, built sometime in 1950,is one of the oldest and established high schools in the country. Mr. Dimakulangan, the current school principal was an alumnus of ABC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL. One fine sunny afternoon, the principal with the other admin staffs are having a meeting in preparation for the incoming 64th founding anniversary of the school. They were in the middle of discussing the activities when suddenly they heard Maria, a junior student calling the school nurse. Mr. Dimakulangan came out of the function hall and calls the attention of the student who is looking for the school nurse. Marie informed the principal that her classmate Katya fainted in the classroom. The principal together with the school nurse rushed to the said classroom and give first aid to Katya. When Katya came to her senses, she is complaining of having a severe stomach pain. The nurse rushed her then to the hospital. Meanwhile in the school campus, the principal talk with Maria who informed him about the incident. The principal knows Katya as a shy type quite girl with a brain. Base from the information he got Katya has been drinking pesticide for almost three days. At the hospital Katya was given proper medication and the doctor recommends to her parents that she will undergo a session with a psychologist. After the suicidal attempt, the school campus went normal until the 64th founding anniversary came everybody was busy with the activities set of the day. On the second day of the weeklong founding anniversary, the principal together with the other working committee are having an emergency meeting at the function hall when suddenly they heard a gunshot outside the function hall. The principal came out of the function hall and check what has just happened and he suddenly saw from nowhere three students came out firing bullets on all those who were in the vicinity of the school ground. The students were Keit Tan, Dy Lovangco, and Jose Dela Cruz who are in the junior years. Their shooting spree injure 8 people, for of them were fellow students and the other victim was the utility men, the security guard and one male teacher. The security guard and the male teacher were trying to stop the students when accidentally they were hit by bullets fired by the students. Everybody was shock with what happened. After the incident in the school campus, the two students just run away from the school and they did not enter their classes the following weeks to save their faces. This terrible incident left wounds which will probably never heal.

Statement of the Problem Based from the case of ABC National High School, the general statement of the problem in the case is to determine the root cause of the actions of the students, and specifically it sought to find the following: 1. What is the profile of the victims of School Violence 2. What are the causes of school violence 3. What are the types of school violence 4. What are the effects of the violence on the victims
Data Analysis Table 1 presents the summary of the gender of the ten respondents analyzed. In this study, most of the respondents were female showing that most female are more predominant as victims of school violence.
Table 1. Summary of the gender of the respondents Gender | N=10 | Female | 7 | Male | 3 |

Table 2 presents the causes of school violence which occur in school environment
Table 2. Reasons of School Violence Reasons of School Violence | N=10 | Weapons | 2 | Atmosphere in the home | 2 | Anxiety and Stress | 1 | Depression | 1 | Effects of Media | 1 | No Counseling | 1 | Effect of the Group | 1 | Lack of Guidance in difficult time | 1 |

Table 3 presents what type of school violence the violence the victims suffered from. Physical, Mental, Theft, Vandalism, and Sexual Abuse towards the victim come top on the list.
Table3. Types of School Violence Types of School Violence | N=10 | Physical | 5 | Mental | 2 | Theft | 1 | Vandalism | 1 | Sexual Abuse | 1 |

Tabel 4 shows the effect of School Violence to the victims.
Table 4. Effects of Violence in School Effect on the victim | N=10 | Emotionally Disturbed (depressed/suicide) | 5 | Ignored | 3 | Decreased self-esteem | | Post-Traumic Stress Disorder | |

Key Decision Criteria This study explores a new and important issue related to school violence. It is important to understand school violence completely before making an attempt to understand the different types of school violence. In this study, the researcher collected 10 different cases of school violence incidents in the Philippines from year 2010 to 2014 to be analyzed. The study focused on high school students as respondents since there are alarming cases of violence in school. It include analysis of the (a) Profile of the Victims of School Violence; (b) Causes of school violence; (c) Types of School Violence; and (d) Effects of the incident on the victim. The study did not include extensive analysis on the age of the victims. Also, the study did not include an extensive analysis on the identity of the person who conduct the violence in school.

Alternative Analysis News of violence at a school in today’s world is not uncommon. We come across of this news very frequently. But ever we tried to find out the true reason behind this? The incidents are increasing every day. But the reasons of this situation are very easy to understand and it’s right in front of our eyes. In today’s fast life we give more importance to our career and goal. We are only concern about ourselves. And in this fast-lane we often forget our children. That makes them isolated with their own issues and problems. And because of that they deal with the situation with lack of experience and understanding which often leads towards violence. School violence happened anytime of the day of the school year not only in the school campus but also outside like in the case of Katya and the other three junior students. It is a world known fact that home is the first school of the children and parents are his/her first teacher so it is the responsibility of the parents to see the condition of their child. If a child is not getting the right kind of atmosphere in his/her childhood then the chances of him/her getting violent are more. Same is through with the school which is the second home of the student and teachers are their second parents so it is the responsibility of the teachers in school to see the condition of the student. As with the case, as the second parents of the students, the teachers should have noticed if there are unnecessary behaviors shown by these students. In the case of Katya, there was a suicidal attempt since according to her classmate she has been drinking pesticides for about three days. Katya will not even try to drink the chemicals without any reason. She is a shy type girl but she has a brain. Based on experience when a student is that shy type, they are usually aloof. They don’t mingle with other people and they rather be alone and when they are alone and don’t have friends, other people/classmate will say that she is a nerd, she is an alien who came from other planets, in short she will be bullied. As the second parent of Katya, you already know that she a shy type girl and we should have done something to boost the confidence of the student. As for the case of the three boys, they are in their junior years when they committed the shooting incident. Since first year high school they are the typical type of student whose routine is home-school and vice versa. If you can see carefully, these students would have possibly never been in the fray, had they been left on their own without being harassed or mistreated. A detailed investigation was carried out and it came to be known that the two students were victims of constant physical and verbal abuse by their fellow classmates, seniors and staffs as well. These students were not happy with such treatment and they wanted to show the world about their hatred towards others in the same environment. As to the question on how safe are the students inside the school, the principal might thought that since there is a security guard installed, the whole campus is safe and there would be no any violence that will occur. But as with the case, even there is a security guard installed, the incident still happened to the fact that even the security guard was also injured. The duty of the security guard from the entrance of the school alone is to check on the things the students bring with them to school to insure the that these students did not bring any kind of weapons that might threaten all the people inside the school campus. Now the problem is not really about those students killing innocent victims and having suicidal attempt. The real problem is the root causes for school violence. From the case, the root of the first is depression in the case of Katya. She is depressed that she doesn’t have that self confidence to come out of her shell that leads her of being bullied by her classmates. As for the three male junior students the root cause is stress and anxiety, and atmosphere in the house because of the verbal abuse they got from their fellow students, seniors and staffs as well. Often violence at home creates a deeper effect on a child and he will react accordingly at school. Hence Home environment is very important. And parents should be more careful to keep a child away from any kind of violence. Parents’ expectation is a big burden for a child. No doubt parents always want better for their child but the expectation should be according to the ability of the child. High and excessive expectations create aggression in a child. Therefore understanding among parents is very important which will stop outburst of violence in a child. In modern ultra-fast days we expect a faster and effective solution but the situation is critical and we have to take one step at a time to resolve this issue from the root. A proper and frequent communication among parents, teachers and school authorities will be a huge step towards prevention of school violence. We have to be concern about the surrounding atmosphere of school as well as home. Avoiding any type of family violence and making it healthy and open will also encourage the child.

Recommendations The behavior of the students involved prior to the incident in the school and at home. This has to be considered in giving solutions to the problem cited. It is a world known fact that school is the second home of a student and the teachers are their second parents. As home and school, the parents and teachers needs to be observant with the behaviors of their child and students. This following are the actions to be implemented to prevent school violence.
1. Counseling
2. Advocacy on Anti-bullying/school violence
3. Put up some functional school organizations for the students

Appendices
References:
Joseph Augustus Whittington, “School violence: A Case Study of initiatives to combat violence at Riverside High School” (January 1, 1997). ETD Collection for Fordham University http://fordham.bepress.com/dissertations/AAl993448 Lacey, C. (1970) Hightown Grammar: The School As a Social System, Manchester University Press.

A Case Study on School Violence at ABC National High School

A Research Paper
Presented to:
Mrs. Beverly Dianso

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject English IV

Presented by:
Bernadette E. Manuel
Angelica Ancheta lV-B January 2015