...Aubrey Grudowski Criminal Law Case Brief STANFORD v. KENTUCKY, 492 U.S. 361 (1989) 492 U.S. 361 STANFORD v. KENTUCKY CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF KENTUCKY JUSTICE SCALIA FACTS Petitioner in No. 87-5765 was about seventeen years and four months of age when he committed murder in Kentucky. After a juvenile court and several hearings he went to trial as an adult in a category for those who have committed Class A felonies or those under age sixteen who have been charged with a felony. This Petitioner was sentenced to death due to the fact he commit murder in the first degree. The death sentence was agreed upon, his contention rejected, and the mitigating circumstances considering his age, meaning he had a constitutional right to the juvenile justice system. PROCEDURAL HISTORY A societal consensus was gathered that a far smaller number of those convicted under 18 have been sentenced to death than over 18. When the Bill of Rights were written, punishments were considered cruel and unusual, therefore the 8th amendment was added to the constitution, Ford v. Wainwright. Or evolving to make society more decent to prove the maturity, Trop v. Dulles. Petitioners have not mentioned that their punishments would have been considered cruel in the 18th century. With the common-law tradition, at least 281 offenders under 18, and 126 under 17, have been executed in this country. Also, with the cases 488 U.S. 887 (1988) and 487 U.S. 1233 (1988), certiorari was granted...
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...Resistance to Change Cha Xiong MGT/426 June 03, 2014 Resistance to Change Resistance to change is considered the act of opposing or struggling with changes and has a common problem for the management teams. When organizations are seeking to improve an aspect of their business, some of their employees will naturally show resistance. It is not important how the resistance manifests itself, but it is important that resistance still threaten the success of the change initiative. Resistance to change has an effect on the way other employees feel at various stages of the implementation process and it ultimately affects quality of goods and services, productivity of employees, and work relationships. Management of resistance can be challenging to manage because resistance can be covert by organizationally or individually. In this paper, I will identify the causes of resistance by the organization and the causes of resistance by the individual. I will also describe how Lewin’s theory of change can be used to overcome the resistance. Causes of Resistance by Organization Stoica, Popescu, and Mihalcioiu (2012) defined, “Organizational causes of resistance means that the change is resisted at the level of the organization itself” (p. 115). Resistances are expressions of reservations, which arise as reactions to the changes at the organizational levels. The causes to resist can be defined as direct consequences of leaderships’ failure. Based on recent research, there...
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...HR 587 Course Project Professor Shelton Keller School Of Management Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary: 3 Assessment and Diagnosis: 4 Cause for Implementing Change Management 4 Vision and Mission 7 Analysis of Change Strategy: 9 Resistance to Change 12 Results/ Outcome [Do not leave spaces around a slash mark] 19 Failure to Change 19 Evaluation of The Effort 22 Change Approach 22 Reflections of Managerial Change Strategy 23 Reference: 25 Executive Summary: Hewitt Associates was a Fortune 500 company. They tried to mix their complex business model and standards globally with the culture of their clients and staff (Hewitt Associates LLC, 2010). Human resources consulting is the core function of the corporation. Hewitt’s organization was vast in size with over a dozen departments that worked various specialties in human resources. The actuarial department regulated the financial consulting aspects in retirement plans and other benefits. Hewitt Associates tried to keep their market share as the leading provider in health care reform, retirement restructure, and executive compensation for their client's. They also provided software packages to their client’s. This was to allow clients to have less stress and...
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...relations Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co ‘Test’ of intention (I) to determine if agreement between parties were intended to have contractual force Edmonds v Lawson Domestic Agreement (NI) btwn close family members are not legally binding Balfour v Balfour Cohen v Cohen Domestic Agreement (I) with additional circumstances Merritt v Merritt Wakeling v Ripley Agreement btwn friends/ to provide charitable services (NI) are not legally binding Teen Ranch Pty Ltd v Brown Agreement btwn friends/ to provide charitable services (I) with additional circumstances Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc Commercial Agreement (I) have intention to be legally bound Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co Esso Petroluem Co Ltd v Commissioners of Customs & Excise Final creation of contract can be delayed if that is what the parties intended – when formalities are completed Masters v Cameron Perry v Coolangatta Investments Pty Ltd ‘Letter of Comfort’ given by creditor to debtor as obligations assurance may/may not intend to be legally binding MAY - Banque Brussels Lambert SA v Australian National Industries Ltd MAY NOT - Commonwealth Bank of Australia v TLI Management Pty Ltd 1. INTENTION to create legal relations Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co ‘Test’ of intention (I) to determine if agreement between parties were intended to have contractual force Edmonds v Lawson Domestic Agreement (NI) btwn close family members are not legally binding Balfour v Balfour Cohen v Cohen Domestic Agreement...
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...DSP #1 Argosy University - Atlanta Aziz is a 11.5-month-old, bi-racial male who was born on May 17, 2012. His mother is from Haiti and his father is from Senegal, Africa. At birth, Aziz weighed 10 pounds 9 ounces and was 23 inches long, which are all above average for newborn boys. Currently, Aziz's weight is reported to be 32 pounds, and his height is reported to be 29 inches tall, which places him in the above average percentile for weight, and above average percentiles for length. The observation of Aziz occurred on May 9, 2013, beginning at approximately 7:05 pm and ending at 8:00 pm. The observation took place at Aziz's home, where he resides with his father, mother, and two older brothers (5yrs-old/8 yrs-old). Observations of the home indicated that the family was upper middle class. During the observation period, Aziz's mother and two brothers were present. The three areas of development that were the focus of this observation included biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial. It was reported that a typical day for Aziz is spent with his 5-year-old brother in his mother's care. His day starts with waking in the morning at 7:00 am. His father and 8-year-old brother have to get ready for work and the school bus. This activities wake up the whole family. Aziz's mother prepares breakfast and dresses Aziz and his 5-year-old brother for the day. His mother is a member of a ladies neighborhood group of stay-at-home moms. The group normally meets at the subdivision...
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...MBS Library Service Guide to citing references (Harvard system) John Hynes Feb 2010 MBS Library Service is part of the John Rylands University Library 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….. 3 CITING REFERENCES WITHIN THE TEXT…………………………… 3 Single author…………………………………………………………………………... 3 - 4 Two authors………………………………………………………………………………... 4 Multiple authors…………………………………………………………………………… 4 Authors of different titles………………………………………………………………... 5 Several works by single author (different years)…………………………………… 5 Several works by single author (different years)…………………………………… 5 Author of a chapter within an edited text…………………………………………….. 6 Corporate authors………………………………………………………………………… 6 No author…………………………………………………………………………………… 6 No date………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 - 7 Citing secondary sources……………………………………………………………….. 7 How to quote portions of a published text…………………………………………… 7 3. CREATING THE LIST OF REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY………….. 8 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….. 8 Books (single author)……………………………………………………………………. 8 Books (2,3 or 4 authors)…………………………………………………………………. 9 Books (more than 4 authors)…………………………………………………………… 9 Books which are edited………………………………………………………………… 10 Chapter(s) from an edited book………………………………………………………. 10 Multiple works by single author within the same year…………………………… 11 Electronic Books…………………………………………………………………………...
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...The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement. It was a boom of black expression, a clash of black art . The Harlem Renaissance took place in the Manhattan neighborhood of Harlem, in the 1920’s through the early 1930’s. It was the end of World War I and the middle of the Great Depression. There were many important people involved in the Harlem Renaissance. These are most people who were involved in the Harlem Renaissance… The Harlem Renaissance was important and still is today because it was a contribution to ever struggling black community. It had people who helped make changes with problems such as segregation. They were talented black individuals who didn’t make black race like just slaves. They showed that they are strong talented people. Novels * Arna Bontemps — God Sends Sunday (1931), Black Thunder (1936) * Countee Cullen — One Way to Heaven (1932) * Jessie Redmon Fauset — There is Confusion (1924), Plum Bun (1928), The Chinaberry Tree (1931), Comedy, American Style (1933) * Rudolph Fisher — The Walls of Jericho (1928), The Conjure-Man Dies (1932) * Langston Hughes — Not Without Laughter (1930) * Zora Neale Hurston — Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) * Nella Larsen — Quicksand (1928), Passing (1929) * Claude McKay — Home to Harlem (1927), Banjo (1929), Gingertown (1931), Banana Bottom (1933) * George Schuyler — Black No More (1931), Slaves Today (1931) * Wallace Thurman — The Blacker the Berry (1929)...
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...Running Header: ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT Organizational Change Management HR587 – Managing Organizational Change February 7, 2011 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Organizational Change Management 4 Introduction 4 Hewitt’s Core Functionality 5 Responsibilities at Hewitt Associates 7 Assessment /Diagnosis 8 Cause for Implementing Change Management 8 Analysis of the Change Strategy 10 Organizational Change Model 10 Resistance of Changes 12 Results/ Outcome 14 Failure to Change / Result in Merger 14 Evaluation of the Effort 16 Change Approach 16 Reflections of Managerial Change Strategy 17 Reference 19 Appendix 21 Here are ten principles every great leader should know. 21 Financial Analysis For Hewitt Associates 22 Lewin’s Change Model 23 Kotter and Schlesinger - Six Change Approaches 23 Executive Summary This research paper elaborates the organizational changes made within Aon-Hewitt, formally known as Hewitt Associates. These changes were delegated in the form of a top-down processing structure; which initiated the implementation for the company's Consulting and Outsourcing group. Utilizing the Lewin’s Change model, the context of the organizational change strategies, will be evaluated for each stage within the implemented changes. Hewitt Associates has successfully provided their services to corporations over the past 70 years; however because of their lack of growth within Technology Innovation, their processes were questioned...
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...This report will present a discussion on the financial challenges and issues based on the Ruritanian Project case study. The report is concerned with analyzing the investment environment of the host nation, maximizing the investment return and minimizing the risks which could have a negative impact on the financial performance of the Ruritanian project. Firstly, the national economy environment will be discussed based on the national GDP growth and inflation rate; secondly, there is a discussion on the foreign exchange risks of Rutitania Crown against international currency; third, the issue of joining the Euro zone will be analyzed in terms of benefits and drawbacks; next, the taxation effect in the investment decision making will be accessed and finally there will be a discussion on the political environment. THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROJECT 2.1 The Relationship between National Economy and the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) The economic growth of the host nation has always had a positive relationship with the foreign direct investment decision making. The positive effect of host country economic growth on investment decision making has been supported by various studies (Ericsson and Irandoust, 2000; Dhakal, Kamal and Upadhyaya, 2007; Barrell and Pain, 1996; Grosse and Trevino, 1996; Taylor and Sarno, 1999; Trevino et al., 2002). Traditionally the economic growth of the host nation induces FDI inflow when FDI is seeking consumer markets, or when...
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...encouragement targeted at underrepresented students of color from both the secondary school and collegiate institution levels. In order for the U.S. to compete globally, past research studies proved additional efforts must be made to help close the diversity and gender gap within the STEM fields. National STEM Enrollment and Retention Trends In the U.S., the total number of bachelor’s degrees awarded annually had nearly tripled over the past 40 years, but awarded STEM degrees had not. The U.S. continued to award fewer STEM degrees each year compared to other countries worldwide (Maltese & Tai, 2011). High school students with impressive grade point averages (GPA), no matter their race or gender should be encouraged to pursue a STEM major (Thompson & Bolin, 2011). Studies proved high school coursework played a significant role in a student’s decision to pursue a STEM major while in college. The completion of high school courses such as biology, chemistry, physics, calculus, and trigonometry showed a positive correlation with students deciding to major in a STEM field (Maltese & Tai, 2011). An important attribute to increase enrollment of women of color in STEM disciplines is to have the presence of women that work in STEM in the community and institution that serve as role models. Despite the importance of pre-college characteristics and experiences, however, research also suggests that institutional structures, policies, and practices...
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...European Journal of Information Systems (2008) 17, 236–263 & 2008 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved 0960-085X/08 www.palgrave-journals.com/ejis Measuring information systems success: models, dimensions, measures, and interrelationships Stacie Petter1, William DeLone2 and Ephraim McLean3 1 Department of Information Systems and Quantitative Analysis, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, PKI 173B, Omaha, NE 68182, U.S.A.; 2Department of Information Technology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington DC 20016, U.S.A.; 3Department of Computer Information Systems, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, U.S.A. Correspondence: Ephraim McLean, Department of Computer Information Systems, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. Tel: 1 404 413 7448; E-mail: emclean@gsu.edu Abstract Since DeLone and McLean (D&M) developed their model of IS success, there has been much research on the topic of success as well as extensions and tests of their model. Using the technique of a qualitative literature review, this research reviews 180 papers found in the academic literature for the period 1992–2007 dealing with some aspect of IS success. Using the six dimensions of the D&M model – system quality, information quality, service quality, use, user satisfaction, and net benefits – 90 empirical studies were examined and the results summarized. Measures for the six success...
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...L3 Language Literacies Learning Harvard referencing guide UniSA This guide will help you apply the Harvard referencing style to your writing at UniSA. It is designed to help you understand the conventions and principles of this style and make decisions about referencing. There are many different versions of the Harvard style. This guide presents one consistent version for use at UniSA, which conforms to the Australian Government standard guidelines presented in Snooks & Co (eds) 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, Wiley & Sons, Australia. Table of contents What is referencing? ......................................................................................................................... 2 How do we reference? ...................................................................................................................... 3 Sample extract from an essay ............................................................................................................ 5 What if your source does not match? ................................................................................................ 7 Harvard referencing UniSA examples ................................................................................................. 8 Print ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Book ..............................................
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...Competing views of the entrepreneur The term entrepreneur has become to have a broad definition over the years, with many authors debating over the types of characteristics that make up a person who can be classed as entrepreneurial. The word originally came from the French meaning 'one who takes between' but over the years the term has developed with varying definitions from academic literature, the media and often people classed as entrepreneurs themselves, causing great difficulty in finding a universal definition. In the late 18th Century, Cantillion and Say from the French school of thought were amongst the first to recognise the role of the entrepreneur. Cantillion first defined entrepreneurs as a 'risk taker', buying at a certain price and selling at an uncertain price. (Cited in Blaug 1986:220) Jean-Baptiste Say backed this up by stating entrepreneurs are 'the pivot of the economy, a vehicle for economic change. Deakins and Freel (2009). In the years to come, further concepts of entrepreneurs were developed and argued amongst academics. By examining the differing opinions from a broad spectrum of authors since the role was first distinguished, through the years where the meaning has become diverse and arguments have surfaced over the true meaning of entrepreneurship, I hope to make clear whether the term is so unclear to render it worthless or find some way of giving it some true common definition in today's society. To investigate the varying opinions and definitions...
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...u09d1 Project Plan Draft Julian G. Romero II IT 4990 Integrated Action Learning Project 8430 Favero Cove Converse, TX 78109 210-310-2397 Instructor: Joe Johnson Table of Contents Work in progress… Executive Summary 2econd2n0ne.com is a newly developed motorcycle parts and apparel store created by my good friend Mr. Brockton Gardner. Mr. Gardner is a motorcycle enthusiast, and is in tune with the motorcycle industry with a great number of people who are also enthusiasts that he’s networked with; qualities that can spell success for his website as soon as it goes live. There are many factors to consider before going live with one of those factors being security. My project proposal is a security plan that will protect Mr. Gardner, and his website, from the variety of Internet and physical security threats. This security plan is not a complete overhaul of current systems and methods used, but a plan to harden current security measures. An environmental scan conducted on the website, and Mr. Gardner, has shown that although security measures are being taken there can be some improvements to further protect his investment, and reduce the chances of a malicious attack. Internet threats aren’t the only concerns. Physical security must be considered because mobile devices, to include laptops, are lost and stolen on a daily basis. Most mobile devices carry considerable amounts of sensitive or private information giving all the more reason...
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...Personnel Management Research in Agribusiness Vera Bitsch Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics Michigan State University, 306 Agriculture Hall, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824 Tel: +517-353-9192, Fax: +517-432-1800, bitsch@msu.edu Paper presented at the 19th Annual World Forum and Symposium of the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, Budapest, Hungary, June 20-23, 2009 Acknowledgements This study was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch project #0191628. The author would also like to thank the Elton R. Smith Chair in Food & Agricultural Policy at Michigan State University for supporting the participation at the IFAMA World Forum and Symposium. Copyright 2009 by Vera Bitsch. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Personnel Management Research in Agribusiness (Executive Summary) One of the challenges faced by agribusinesses in the 21st century is the attraction, motivation, and retention of sufficient and qualified labor. However, personnel management research has mostly focused on other industries. Accordingly, agribusiness managers have little to rely on, when developing personnel policies and procedures. Once a business has grown beyond the labor capacity of the immediate family, personnel management becomes an issue and practices developed...
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