...College Abstract My research paper is dedicated to my mother and her last days on this earth. Our nightmare started on September 17, 2012, this is when we were told that my mom had stage four pancreatic cancers that had spread to all of the lobes of her liver, spleen, and large intestine. We went to this appointment thinking she would be able to be treated not to get a death sentence. By the time we found out her cancer had already spread. She was offered chemotherapy but she declined it because at best, it would only prolong her life a month maybe two. She wanted to live her life to the fullest and not be sick from chemo. At that moment every minute was precious time left with mom and I wanted to be by her side every minute of every day. This is the true story of a beautiful life cut short from cancer. Her Last Days This research paper will explain the main function of the pancreas and why pancreatic cancer is it so deadly? It will reveal how a person can live without a complete pancreas? This essay will cover the five stages of grief my mother experienced. I will attempt to explain the emotional aspect my mother went through. It will also talk about hospice and how they assisted us through the process. Lastly, my paper will cover how strong my mother’s faith in God was and still is. What is the main function of the pancreas? This gland is positioned in the epigastric portion of the abdomen tuck in behind the stomach (NCBI, 2011). The pancreas has very important...
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...Pancreatic Cancer Research Grad2016 Abstract This paper is looking into the effects of pancreatic cancer and the research behind it. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly forms of cancer known and contributes to over 30,000 deaths a year in the U.S. alone. Little is known about this killer cancer or of an accurate treatment. Unfortunately this disease has a very low survival rate even with treatment. There are several benefactors associated with this disease that we will discuss as well. These include alcohol abuse, genetics, tobacco, diabetes and lifestyle. There is a lot of research being conducted on this killer disease with hopes of increasing the survival rate with a cure or early diagnosis. One of the most deadly cancers is known as Pancreatic Cancer. This type of cancer is confined to the pancreas and is responsible for thousands of deaths every year. Little is known about the true cause of pancreatic cancer or a curable treatment. One of the reasons it is associated with the most deadly cancers is the fact that even with treatment it still has a very low survival rate. According to H. Chang (2007) only 10-15% of patients can expect to be cured by treatment. Out of the 30,000 plus patients that are diagnosed each year that is a very low survival rate. Pancreatic cancer is very hard to diagnose at an early stage because there is no precursor standard that is associated with it. Recent research has identified an association with hyperglycemia with patients...
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...Epidemiology Paper Tamika Swearingen NUR/ 408 December 1, 2014 Kimberly Oatman Epidemiology Paper The number of children diagnosed with diabetes in 2012, according to the CDC (2014), is about 208,000 people younger than 20 years in the United States alone. This includes those having been diagnosed diabetes type 1 or type 2. Diabetes has become more prevalent and there is no cure at this time. With the study of Epidemiology, there is hope for a decline of Diabetes and it dominance amongst the American children. In this paper, it will describe and define epidemiology and how it relates to diabetes. This paper will discuss the method and triangle of epidemiology along with the chosen vulnerable population and disease of diabetes in children. Definition of Epidemiology Epidemiology has been defined as “the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations, including the study of the determinants influencing such states, and the application of this knowledge to control the health problems” (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2012). Epidemiology can be described as a study that looks at certain specifics of the excess risk a disease and the rate or incidence of how it is affected. It focuses on the study of why and how it affects certain populations. Steps and Methods of Epidemiology Diabetic information can be gathered in many ways such as analyzing: routine data, research data ad epidemiological data. In Southern Nevada, health related...
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...response to this, the pancreas, which is a little gland that sits underneath the stomach, starts releasing a hormone called Insulin. And it’s insulin that helps our bodies get the energy from the food we eat. The bloodstream then takes the glucose and the insulin to every cell in our bodies that needs it. The body functions best when the blood glucose is at an optimum level. It doesn’t respond well to high levels of blood glucose. Normally, there’s a cycle within the body that balances out the glucose and insulin levels. In this case, the food we consume or the liver releases glucose into the bloodstream and the pancreases releases the insulin that carries the glucose to the cells. However, diabetes occurs when this system fails to function properly in the bodies of many individuals today. According to the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic lifelong condition that affects our body’s ability to use the energy found in food. It is a cellular disease that involves the lack of glucose receptors on cell membranes. Although diabetes is a complex condition, its common theme involves either the lack of insulin or insulin resistance. In this paper, I will be discussing about the cellular mechanisms involved in two types of Diabetes Mellitus-type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body isn’t making any insulin. This is because of an autoimmune response whereby the body has destroyed the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. We don’t entirely know...
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...[Name of the Instructor] [Date] Possible Health Concerns for Children Born To Overeating Mothers Executive Summary Increased using up of new energy-intense, nutrient-poor foodstuffs with very high sugar and saturated fats level, merged with reduced exercises, have led to corpulence rates that have increased three-times or more since 1980 in North America, Eastern Europe, the UK, the Pacific Islands, the Middle East, Australasia and China, as said by the UN-backed World Health Organization (WHO). A recent research reveals that Obesity in pregnancy causes a tremendous danger to the wellbeing of the unborn infant. Infants of overweight mothers are born as pre-diabetics or with severe birth imperfections that can cause kidney or heart disease, besides other troubles. These issues much strengthens in the age group 1year to 10 years. Overeating in pregnancy can have significant and numerous precarious health impacts on an unborn infant.[1] In this research paper, I have analyzed several factors of obesity in pregnant mothers that lead to health issues for their unborn infants and it will affect them through their lives. I have conducted a comprehensive interview with Executive Director of “The Consumer Wellness Center”, Mike Adams, who in detail describes the dangers associated with obesity in mothers and its effects on their children. Further a latest about the issue has been analyzed with a recommendation to mothers on how they can avoid this increasingly spread health...
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...Diabetes DIABETES More than 3% of the world population has diabetes; diabetes is caused by lack of a hormone called Insulin, which is produced by the organ pancreas to control blood sugar (Miller, 2010). Diabetes has been regarded as one of the biggest killers in the world. There exists three types of diabetes, type one, type two and type three. The most common is diabetes mellitus (Derek LeRoith, 2004). Therefore, Diabetes can be caused by little insulin, resistance to the protein insulin or even both. This paper aims to see to research on what causes diabetes, types of diabetes, the incidence and the risk factors associated with the disease. Problems Diabetes is a condition when there is a sharp rise of sugar levels in the blood. The body finds it difficult to deal with the high concentration of the sugar in the blood. Foods, which contain starch or carbohydrates such as, rice, bread etc and foods that taste sweet are digested in the body into glucose. The pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which allows glucose to move into cells to be used by our bodies for energy. When glucose levels increase above normal levels it leads to the complications of diabetes. Men and women are equally likely to suffer from diabetes, also being Asian or Afro-Caribbean, overweight, aged between 40 and 75 or having diabetes in the family can increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. To understand...
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...this is that in 1965, Mary G. Weiss, a volunteer for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, was making calls about financial support for CF research because her three little boys had CF. After she had made several calls, her little boy, Richard, told his mother that he knew who she was working for. Having no knowledge that he even had Cystic Fibrosis, he told his mother that she was working for 65 Roses. Since 1965, the term “65 Roses” has been used...
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...Epidemiology Paper Allison Brown Nur 408 May 14, 2012 Prof. Pamela Orr Epidemiology Paper People have many health concerns and diagnosis that presents to the current public health as daunting. The first step in any medical situation regarding a person’s health is prevention that is talked among the professionals in the health community. This will be the only way to help the cycle to break that will further prevent other diseases from occurring. Using epidemiology and the epidemiology triangle diabetes in African Americans will be observed. This health concern in many communities in the United States can be prevented and helped, but information is the key to success. In this paper we will be examining the definition and description of epidemiology, the steps and methods of epidemiology, reviewing the data of the selected population. We will also be looking at the epidemiological triangle as well as various levels of prevention. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2012). Epidemiology is a type of science that guides our understanding of the strong points of how exposure and the relation to how it effects...
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...Organ Donation Proposal Paper Abstract In the last decade, the progress of post-transplant outcome and the increased organ failure has led to an increased need for organ transplant around the globe. Several factors such as the availability of guidelines for determining the eligibility influence this issue into more organ crisis. On the other hand, the need to meet the increased need for organ transplant has resulted in a rise in the number of people on the waiting list. According to Wendy (2005), in the year 2006 alone, the number of patients or Organ receivers on the waiting list was roughly around 95,000. Each year over 6,300 death cases reported due to unavailability of the organ in the United States (Gary, 2007). Due to the high shortage of organ, dozens of people life leading into a search for other alternative or pathway such as dialysis. Consequently, this kind of alternative methods has been able to provide practical solutions to this and other organ donation-related problems around the world (Wendy, 2005). The shortage of organs has deprived many patients of quality and better way of life. This paper provides a brief history of the organ donation, pros, and cons, statistics of organ donation, myths surrounding organ donation, organ donation-related issues and as well as the solutions and recommendations. Organ Donation Proposal History of Organ Donation Organ donations started back on 1954 Professor Joseph Murray surgeon who performed the first successful kidney...
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...Stem cell research is a highly promising field of study. Its most important applications include medicine and therapy. These will be the focus of this paper. To begin: an overview of stem cells, alternatives to embryonic stem cells, and recent advances. Stem cells are amazing for their capacity for self-renewal and, most of all, the ability to become any of millions of cell types in the human body. There are various types of stem cells, each with different potential. This includes embryonic stem cells. These totipotent cell lines come from the inside of the cell mass of a human embryo. These embryos are taken specifically from fertilized eggs not used by in-vitro fertilization (1). At this point, they are just a blastocyst, meaning an embryo composed of approximately one hundred cells. The cells on the inside of the blastocyst are undifferentiated but eventually will multiply and differentiate extensively to make all of the different required cells. Adult stem cells cells also have this same ability. They are found throughout the body and are able to dived to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues (1). Adult stem cells are able to renew themselves and create a variety of cells, but are usually multipotent, meaning that they only are able to specialize into a small selection of cells. ‘Totipotent’ stem cells can be transformed into any type of cell in the human body, however, there is a great amount of controversy surrounding stem cell research (2). Because...
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...Cultural and Disease paper Amy D. Talbert HCS245 February 14, 2011 Michelle Clemons Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder of the human body. There are three types of diabetes, type I (Juvenile Diabetes), type II, and gestational. Type I diabetes, also called juvenile diabetes, strikes children, and young adults (American Diabetes Association, 1995-2011). Type II diabetes is more common in certain ethnic groups, and in older people. Gestational diabetes is only present during pregnancy and usually goes away after pregnancy; however some women will develop type II diabetes in later years (American Diabetes Association, 1995-2011). Type II diabetes is considered the most common of all diabetes types. Because type II diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, this is the type that will be discussed in detail. What is type II diabetes? Type II diabetes is a disease of the endocrine (hormone) system. In a normal working endocrine system, blood sugar levels stay consistent. In the case of diabetes, blood sugar levels fluctuate causing the body’s cells to keep from function properly (Web M.D., 2005-2011). Type II diabetes occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin, or the body cannot use the insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone regulated by the endocrine system. Insulin helps the body store and use the sugar from eaten food (Web M.D., 2005-2011). The body is made up of cells; these cells need energy that energy...
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...Imagine being my father and the other 29 million people in the United States to be diagnosed with diabetes. I have a long history of diabetes in my family, not only is my father diagnosed but my two uncles, and aunt (all from my father side of the family) are diagnosed. My father has been diagnosed for over 20 years,imagine all the hundreds of dollars that went towards diabetes medication. An average American diagnosed with diabetes spend $13,740 a year towards their diabetes medication. There are two types of diabetes, type one and type two. The cause of type one diabetes is unknown however, people with type one lack insulin due to what the pancreas produce. You may be diagnosed with type one diabetes at any age, although it is common with in children and young adults. Type two is the most common of diabetes. Type two occurs when the pancreas makes little to no insulin and is often found in people who are overweight or obese. There is no cure to type one or type two diabetes. However there are two treatment options. One option would be insulin injections, monitoring your blood sugar throughout the day, giving yourself shot everyday. Option two is taking pills such as sulfonylurea. Both treatment require to have a healthy diet as well. How often do you check the back of your bag or chips or cookie? I admit I rarely do, which isn’t a good habit. Children to young adults need to cut the sugar and carbohydrates consumed, found in most popular foods and drink such as soda. On one hand...
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...responsible for about 431,000 deaths in the United States each year. Lung cancer accounts for about 30 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States, and smoking accounts for nearly 90 percent of lung cancer deaths. Cigarettes, the most popular method of smoking, consist of finely shredded tobacco rolled in lightweight paper. Until the 1940s, smoking was considered harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since confirmed that tobacco smoke presents a hazard to health. Smoke from the average cigarette contains around 4,000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today, and it is imperative for smokers to be aware of the effects of smoking. The effects of tobacco smoking are: increasing the risk of developing a wide array of cancers, suffering from life-threatening respiratory ailments, increasing the chances of birth complications, and becoming addicted to the substance. According to the American Legacy Foundation (2008), the risks of dying from lung cancer; and contracting cancer of the larynx, oral cavity, esophageus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas are 23 times higher for smokers than for non-smokers. In general, the risk of developing a tobacco-related cancer depends on the intensity of the habit as determined by the duration of the smoking habit, number of cigarettes smoked per day, tar content of the cigarette, and the depth of inhalation. Studies have also shown...
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...seconds across the globe, and it is expected to rise 55 percent in the next 20 years” (p. 6). The article goes on to state that according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), “about 26 million individuals in the U.S. or 83 percent of the population have had a diabetes diagnosis (p. 6). Unfortunately this number will only begin to keep climbing and affect future generations to come. Professor Nam Han Cho wrote in a report on diabetes that “if current demographic patterns continue, more than 592 million people (worldwide) will be affected with diabetes within a generation” (Brass, 2014, p.7). Diabetes can be divided up into four categories including the following: Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes. This paper will discuss the aspects of Type 1 diabetes. Information from the article Primary and secondary prevention of Type 1 diabetes was obtained from the Wiley Online Library database using the search terms diabetes type 1, and prevention. The Wiley Online Library database was also used to obtain information from the article titled Prevalence of depression among young people with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review using the search terms type 1 diabetes, and prevention. The database Medline Plus was used to obtained signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes using the search term type 1 diabetes signs and symptoms. The CINAHL database was used to obtain the article What Everyone needs to know about Diabetes using the...
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...Approximately 17 million Americans have diabetes.(Lamb) As many as one-half are unaware they have it. This chronic disease causes serious health complications including renal failure, heart disease, stroke, and blindness. It is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced. Then glucose in the blood is not able to be absorbed into the cells of the body.(Kishore) The cells in the human body need energy in order to function. Glucose is the body's primary energy source. It is a simple sugar resulting from the digestion of foods containing carbohydrates. It circulates in the blood from the foods that are digested as a ready energy source for any cells that need it. Insulin is a hormone or chemical produced by cells in the pancreas, it is located behind the stomach. It bonds to a receptor site on the outside of cell and goes into the cell through which glucose can enter. Glucose can be saved for later use by converting to concentrated energy sources like glycogen or fatty acids. When there is not enough insulin produced , glucose stays in the blood rather entering the cells. The body will attempt to dilute the high level of glucose in the blood, which called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia acts by drawing water out of the cells and into the bloodstream, to dilute the sugar and excrete it in the urine. People with undiagnosed diabetes to be constantly thirsty, drink large quantities of water, and urinate...
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