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Paper Publishing vs E-Publishing

History of Paper Publishing
The introduction of printing created a medium for communication like no other. "Until the advent of radio it was the great means of communication". As paper became more widely available in the thirteenth century writing became more prominent. When the need to reproduce texts became greater, Gutenberg's movable type came about followed by a variety of other printing processes. By 1500 somewhere around 12,000,000 books in 35,000 editions had been printed. The world's first newspaper was published in Germany in 1609. But with such volumes suddenly being distributed, regulations were made to prohibit unrestrained publishing in 1637 when England limited the number of print shops and foundries by decrees. "In the cradle years of printing opposition came chiefly from organized calligraphers and illuminators whose livelihood was threatened. The content of manuscripts was seldom in question; most were classics or ecclesiastical writings and many were in Greek or Latin, which made them inaccessible to all but a few scholars and churchmen. But with the coming of the seventeenth century, printing was being viewed as a threat to established power, both religious and political. Though people like John Milton spoke out in favor of freedom of press and against requiring official censoring before publication of any text, governments' fear of political unrest kept even the first American newspaper from continuing after its first issue. Attempted by Benjamin Harris in 1690, the governor and council of the American colony declared the paper was not authorized and ended further production.
Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

The obvious advantage of most paper information sources is their accessibility and portability. You do not require electrical equipment to read a book or newspaper and you can carry them anywhere and read them in a library, at home, or on public transport.
A second, perhaps less obvious, advantage of paper sources is that, because there is considerable effort and expense involved in producing them, they tend to be more reliable than some electronic sources. Nowadays almost anyone can produce web-based material for little or no cost and so the content of many websites is trivial or inaccurate. Books, certainly those produced by reputable publishers, tend to be more trustworthy because they have been through a process of selection, editing and proof-reading.

Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of many paper information sources lies in the difficulty of updating them. Publishers will print a certain number of copies of a book and the material will not be updated until a new edition is brought out, perhaps several years later. Many books are never updated at all.
The other major disadvantage of the paper source is due to the difficulty of indexing the contents of any book or periodical thoroughly. Electronic sources can have full text indexing where every significant word in the text is included in a subject index. With print materials even the most skilled of indexers will produce an index with a limited number of subject keywords.
And lastly, the sheer size of paper information sources presents challenges about how to store them. You can easily judge this by comparing the space required to store a 30-volume print encyclopaedia with its equivalent CD or DVD-ROM.
However, we should recognise that paper sources still have an important part to play in any information task. The trick lies in recognising when it will be quicker and easier to use paper sources rather than their electronic relations.

History of Online Publishing(E-Publishing)
Online publishing has been around for about ten years --ever since people started putting their text files on the Internet in an effort to share information. However, it seems when dealing with print, we all know what the word publishing encompasses --everything from books, to magazines, to newsletters and brochures. But in the online world, because everything sent across the Internet is, in a sense, posted to the public domain for others to read, many feel that even email, chat groups, anything that IS online, is published. It can make for a confusing area of conversation and research. For the sake of a more focused and easily understood reference, we'll look at online publishing in the same terms in which we think of print publishing --a work meant for public consumption that entails professional (although not necessarily for profit) care given to design, editing, audience, and distribution. Basically, we're addressing what we like to call online desktop publishing; however, even under this title you're likely to find a variety of definitions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Publishing
Advantages
Speed ,Easily searchable Rapid communication between the participants in the network and communicate with each other, for example, Articles can be put on the Web as soon as they are ready, without having to wait maybe months for a space in a journal issue. Provide Capabilities make it easier for users to search and access data and information required directly and very quickly. Searchability is one of the core advantages of a digital format, its easier to find research, the fewer duplicated experiments there will be, resulting in less wasted time.
Interactive: Electronic interaction with the buyer or user of an electronic publication, the producer can collect valuable market- research data very cheaply.
Lower costs of review, change and added: It is easy to conduct audits and their modifications (add or delete) the material published electronically, and get the updated version for publication without significant cost. Electronic publishing has removed much of the cost and risk involved in print publishing. Some statistics that a 70% saving over print costs can be made, while only a 20% saving can be made as distribution costs are a low proportion of the final journal price, and even that saving will be eaten up by extra costs caused by new
Accessibility: Electronic publishing are accessible to all users regardless of geographic location. It is far cheaper for these researchers to get one computer with Internet access than to subscribe to many journals, so electronic journals will be a tool for further breaking down the barriers to democratic research. Electronic publishing reduces the use of paper and this means maintaining the trees, which are usually cut off and turned into papers.
Save Time & Storage: More information can be stored electronically than on paper and e- Published material can be sent across the globe in a few seconds. The actual time it takes for a book to get published is much faster than in traditional publication. Where going the "old-fashioned" way might take up to two years, e-publishing can be as quick as three weeks to only a few months after acceptance. Storage in itself is a great advantage to this form of publishing. Unlimited space on the internet makes it easy for everyone to maintain files. Plus, since most e-publications are sent via PDF files, or compatible word processing docs, it’s even quick and easy to go in and make changes to a publication. Traditional publishers are often unwilling to make changes to a manuscript because it involves so much extra work.
Keep Rights: Where paper publishers usually try to obtain as many rights a possible, the e-Publisher usually retains none. That means the writer keeps the rights to his work and even has the option to take it to a paper publisher at a later date.

Disadvantages
Theft of literary and scientific: The existence of this vast amount of information on the Internet makes it easy to carry out piracy and robbery.
Comfort: The print paper can be read in any place and on any position relaxes the reader but the book published electronically cannot benefit from it but only the existence the computer. The main disadvantages of digital information are the limitations of the computer monitor. This leads to problems with reading, particularly over four or five screens, annotation and portability
Perishable citation: Once printed, the details of a paper journal remain constant, thus finding them again is straightforward, however web sites change their URLs or frequently disappear altogether.
Costly to publish: It’s true that the overheads are lower for the publisher, but that doesn’t mean the cost of the book itself is less.
Sales for e-books: Are not as great as they are for paper.
Cost: There are financial and time costs related to the use of electronic publishing. The user must have a computer monitor, PDAs, software, service provider and browser
Technical difficulties: The reader must possess some basic computing and networking skills in order to take advantage of electronic. Format: E-publishing initially required readers to have certain software for e-books.