ANSWER:
OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENIST
DEFINITION: occupational hygiene is generally define as the art and science dedicated to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, communication and control of environmental stresses in or arising from the workplace that may result in injury, illness, impairment, or affect the wellbeing of workers and members of the community.
These stresses are divided into the following categories; Biological, chemical physical, erganomic and psychological.
According to British occupational hygiene society (BOHS), occupational hygiene is about the prevention of ill-health from work through recognizing evaluation and controlling the risk.
Occupational hygiene has been involved historically with changing the perception of society about nature and extent of hazards in the workplace. Many occupational hygienists work day to day with industrial situations that require control or improvement to the workplace situation however larger social issues affecting whole industries have occurred in the past. E.g since 1900, asbestos exposures have affected the lives of ten thousand of people in the later part of the 2000s concern has been raised about the health effects of nanoparticles.
Many of those issues have required the coordination over a number of years of a number of medical and Para professionals in detecting and than characterizing the nature of the issue, the risk to the work place and ultimately to society.
This has involved occupational hygienists in research, collection of data and to develop suitable and satisfactory control methodologies.
TYPICAL WORK ACTIVITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENIST
Work activities vary between specialist areas and employers, but may include. * Under taking workplace surveys and evaluating situation in the workplace * Assessing risk to health arising from many different factors such as chemical, noise, and poor lighting or ventilation. * Accurately measuring and sampling levels of expresser of ten through precise use of specialist equipment. * Accurately recording facts or details of procedures in the work place. * Finding cost effective solutions to risk to health in workplace to all types, large and small. * Providing clear and accurate information on complex health and safety issues * Eliminating or significantly reducing risk by facilitating organization change and by selecting and designing relevant facilities. * Persuading company management to develop effective hazard controls when required. 1. Hospital. 2. Environment. 3. Industries. Etc.
TYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENIST 1. Hospital hygienist. 2. Environmental hygienist. 3. Industrial hygienist. 4. Food hygienist.

RISK ASSOCIATED TO OCCUPATION HYGIENIST. 1. Chemical hazard.

2. Biological hazard. 3. Environmental hazard. 4. Physical hazard. 5. Ergonomic hazard.etc.

CHEMICAL HAZARD
These are harmful chemical compounds in the form of solids, liquid, gases, mists dust, fumes and vapors exert toxic effects by inhalation (breathing), absorption (through direct contact with the skin,) or ingestion (eating or drinking).
Airborne chemical hazards exist as concentrations of mists, vapors, gases, fumes, or solids, some are toxic through inhalations and some are corrosive to living tissues.
The degree of worker risk from exposure to any given substances depends on the nature and potency at the toxic effects and the magnitude and duration of exposure.
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS.
These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living organisms that can cause acute and chronic infections by entering the body either directly or through breaks in the skin.
Occupation that deals with plants or animals or their products or with food and food processing may expose workers to biological hazards.
Any occupations that result in contact with bodily fluids pose a risk to workers from biological hazards.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS.
These include excessive levels of ionizing and no ionizing electron magnetic radiation, noise, vibrations illumination and temperature.
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS.
The science of ergonomic studies and evaluates a full range of tasks including, but risk limited to, lifting, holding, pushing, walking and reaching. Many ergonomic problems result from technological changes such as increased assembly line speeds, adding specialized task, and increased repetition, some problems arise from poorly designed job or tasks. Any of these conditions can cause ergonomic hazards such as excessive vibration and noise, eye strain, repetitive emotion and heavy lifting problems improperly designed tools or work place also can be ergonomic hazards.
RECOGNIZING AND CONTROLLING HAZARD OR RISKS * Industrial hygienist recognized that engineering, work practice, and administrative controls are the primary means of reducing employee exposure to occupational hazards. * Engineering controls
Minimize employee exposure by further reducing or isolating the worker from the hazard. Engineering controls include eliminating toxic chemicals and substituting non-toxic chemicals, Enclosing work processes or confirming work operation and the installation of general and local ventilation system.

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
After the manner in which a task is performed, some fundamental and easily implemented work practice control include I. Changing existing work practice to follow proper producers that minimizes exposures while operating production and control equipment. II. Inspecting and maintaining process and control equipment are a regular basis III. Implementing good housekeeping procedures. IV. Providing good supervision ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS INCLUDE Controlling employee’s exposure by scheduling production and tasks, or both in a ways that minimize exposure levels for example the employer might schedule op0eration with the high exposure potential during periods when the fewest employees are present. When effective work practices or engineering being instituted appropriate. Personal protective equipment must be used example of personal protective equipment are gloves, safety goggles, safety shoes, protective clothing and respirator. To be effective, personal protective equipment must be individually selected properly fitted and periodically refilled. Conscientiously and properly worm, regularly maintained and replaced as necessary.
In occupational where three is exposure to lionizing radiation, time, distance and shielding are important tools in ensuring work safety. Danger from radiation increases with the amount of time one is exposed to it, hence, the shorter the time of exposure the smaller the radiation danger.
Distance also is a valuable tool. In controlling exposure to both ionizing and nonionizing radiation
Radiation levels from some sources can be estimated by comparing the squares of the distances between the worker and the source under physical hazards.
In occupations where animals are involved, biological hazards are dealt with by preventing and controlling diseases in the animal population as well as properly caring for and handling infected animals. Also, effective personal hygiene, particularly proper attention to miner cuts and scratches especially in the hands and forearms, helps keep works risks to a minimum.

REFERENCE 1. Health safety and occupational hygience issue
Search: World Health Organisation (WHO) 2. Austrilian institute of occupational lygienists 3. Heath and safety labouratory. 4. “National societies”
International occupational hygience Association retrived 8 November, 2012