...3 Paradoxical Thinking in Organizations………………………………………………………........ 4 Apple Inc. and Paradoxical Thinking……………………………………………………………... 5 Learning Paradoxical Thinking…………………………………………………………………… 7 Paradoxical Thinking as a Skill of Intelligence…………………………………………………... 8 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………... 9 References……………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Abstract Paradoxical thinking is looking at a problem from a different perspective and coming up with a solution. We live in an ever-changing, dynamic environment. In order for organizations to be successful, they must be willing to resolve conflict and contradiction using apparently opposite ideas and beliefs. It is vital for organizations to understand and embrace paradoxical thinking. This paper will further discuss what paradoxical thinking is, analyze how Apple Inc. has demonstrated paradoxical thinking, discuss whether paradoxical thinking can be learned, and finally review paradoxical thinking as it relates to the eight skills of intelligence. Paradoxical Thinking in Organizations Paradoxical thinking should be the cornerstone of all organizations. A paradox exists when two seemingly inconsistent or contradictory ideas are actually both true (Quinn, Faerman, Thompson, McGrath, & St. Clair, 2011). Paradoxical thinking involves, among other things, switching to the opposite of what is conventional (Ravi, n.d.). Many organizations do not take the time to learn and absorb paradoxical thinking and...
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...Abstract Paradoxical thinking is looking at a problem from opposite perspectives. We live in a complex world which is full of paradoxes. Paradoxical thinking has contributed to many companies success. It is important for us to know about paradoxical thinking. This article analyzed that how Google applies paradoxical thinking in their interface, products and '20 percent program'. Then the article indicated that the key to learn paradoxical thinking is open in mind. Paradoxical Thinking Introduction Before we get started, we need to know what is paradoxical thinking. A paradox is a group of statements that are contradictory. And paradoxical thinking is looking at a problem or a situation from different or even opposite perspectives, and finding the same thing which is deep down in two opposite perspectives. (Westenholz, 1993) For example, in the 1830's, Faraday had observed that a current of electricity passing through a wire could cause the magnetized needle, which was located close to the wire, to move in a rotational direction. This was the basis of his electric motor. But he didn't stop with this. He twist his mind and found that moving magnets can cause electricity to flow. This is one of the most brilliant application of paradoxical thinking. Paradoxical thinking has helped plenty of companies to be successful. The following research on Google is trying to find out how they practice paradoxical thinking. Research on Google Company History Google Inc. is an American...
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...Critical Thinking and Language Kaitlyn Longstaff COMM/251 April 11, 2014 Shaun Morse Critical Thinking and Language Language is defined as “the landscape of our mind; it is the mountains and forests as well as the cities and roads. It both carries the content and structures the form. We think with it. Language works intimately with all aspects of our thinking” (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007, chpt. 5). Language both influences and is influenced by the critical thinking process and has the power to inspire or inhibit the expression of thoughts. Language is tied to critical thinking in every way, it is the “interpretive medium for the input—the remembering, sorting, creating, judging, and deciding—and language also dramatically shapes those processes” (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007, chpt. 5). Without language, critical thinking would not be possible. Language and language diversity influence critical thinking, which in turn creates persuasion and the ability for language to benefit or inhibit the expression of thoughts. Language and language diversity play a huge role in in the critical thinking process through the universalizing process of language and the structuring power of language. The universalizing process of language is the mind’s ability to critically think about one word and associate it with all things like it. Kirby and Goodpaster use a tree as an example of the universalizing process of language and a panther to show its diversity among different cultures...
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...framework for critical thinking. Reviewed below. B. Know the names of the eight activities (each has an alternate term, but just need to know the main ones on the picture), and be able to match up descriptions of these activities with the correct name. SEE YOUR HANDOUT. C. Know the steps in the paramedic method, and be prepared to apply them to a problem sentence. Steps given below. Diana Halpern's (1996) Framework for Critical Thinking Definition: Critical thinking is the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a good outcome. CT is purposeful, reasoned, and goal-directed. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the goal? First step in improving thinking is to be clear about the goal or goals. Sometimes there are multiple goals; sometimes the goal changes as we work on a problem. If the overall goal is not OPERATIONAL (i.e., "get a good grade" or "reach a good decision"), then identify operational goals (write clearly, address all elements of the assignment, evaluate the consequences of alternative decisions). 2. What is known? Review what is known. You may know more than you realize, once you start taking a census. You may also realize that some of the apparently information is not certain at all. If you are completing an assignment or solving a problem for someone else, review guidelines for the assignment and ask yourself what the person cares about and values in a solution. 3. Which thinking skills will get you...
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...scant attention to what makes an individual ambidexterious. Several reasons warrant the examination of entrepreneur ambidexterity in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs): 1. Small business have limited resource endowments. Since exploration and exploitation compete for scarce resources, attention and organizational routines, the situation is likely to heighten the paradoxes facing entrepreneurs. 2. Most SMEs are owned and managed by one individual or a very small group of individuals: the owner-manager makes virtually all the strategic decisions. Ambidexterity: 1. Literally: the ability to use both hands with equal ease. 2. In management: used to refer to an organization’s ability to do two seemingly paradoxical things simultaneously: * To explore and exploit * Be efficient and be flexible * Align and adapt Distinction between exploration and exploitation (March): * Exploration: includes things like research, variation, risk-taking, experimentation, play, flexibility, discovery, innovation. * Exploitation: includes thing like improvement, choice, production, efficiency, implementation, execution. According to March, organizational ambidexterity has been traditionally viewed as an organization-level construct that manifests itself in an organization’s explorative and exploitative attainments. Managers who strive to engage in both exploration and exploitation face a paradox: while exploration and exploitation complement...
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...Systems Thinking: Managing Chaos and Complexity This Page Intentionally Left Blank Systems Thinking: Managing Chaos and Complexity A Platform for Designing Business Architecture SECOND EDITION Jamshid Gharajedaghi AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald's Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http:/ /elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gharajedaghi, Jamshid. Systems thinking : managing chaos and complexity : a platform for designing business architecture...
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...the continental U.S. (Wal-mart Corporate, 2012)”. Wal-mart is looking to make Kava another part of its international business but there are many obstacles that the company needs to do before opening its doors in Kava. “At Wal-mart, we believe in a philosophy of operating globally and giving back locally. We know we can make the greatest impact on our communities by supporting causes that are important to our customer's right in their own neighborhoods”. (Wal-mart Corporate, 2012) After talking to Alex; it has become clear to me that it will not be an easy task so my critical thinking skills has to almost be flawless in this situation. After soaking in all the information Alex informed me of; my first order of business is get settle into my new home for the next three weeks and start brainstorming on how to knock out these problems. After Brainstorming for a few hours last night, I found my-self thinking about the problems this beautiful island Kava has had. So today, my first full focus is to find out how can Wal-mart give back to a community who’s been hit with some many disasters. Wal-mart has a headquarters in the United States that specializes in helping other countries such as Kava that have been plagued by natural disasters. Wal-Mart is all about doing what is right; as a company Wal-mart...
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...Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business Assignment Brief Cardiff School of Management Assignment Details Course Title Module Title Assignment Title Assignment format Assignment length Assessor Name Handing out Date Handing in Date (Due date for submission to LSBM) BSc in Business Management studies (top-up) Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business Globalisation Individual Assignment (100%) 3000 words Mark Powell 8th October 2012 17th December 2012 Assessor : Mark Powell Signature: Date: Internal Verification and Approval Internal Verifiers Date Reza Aboutalebi The College Notes Essential Considerations Note 1: No academic member of staff has the power to allow a late penalty to be lifted or for an extension to be given to a student(s). Note 2: Should you require assistance for submitting assignments, please refer to the BA handbook. Assistance from the office can only be given during office hours. Instructions for Assignment Submission Please refer to the LSBM general drop for detailed assignment submission instructions. You must follow these instructions exactly. Created by Mark Powell Page 1 Change and Continuity in Contemporary Business Assignment Brief Assignment Brief You are required to successfully complete one 3000 word essay from a choice of 3 questions examining Globalisation Choose Only ONE of the following questions: not required ones ( YOu can compare that one to books that are required herts friedman:...
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...family and friends to encourage them to do what they dream. And I know my mother also likes to travel, but sadly, she always thinks taking good care of family is her only responsibility, she cannot leave home. I always tell her, “ Your kids are grown up. Don’t worry too much about us. Just go anywhere you want to go.” But she just cannot. So now, I am here. I took a lot of pictures and sent them to my mother, then told her about where I live and how it looks like here. I hope I can be a good writer or storyteller, when people read or listen to my story, they can feel they are here with me. Especially my mom, I wish I can use words with pictures to let her sees what I have seen. I was thinking to write a letter for my father before I came here, but I failed it, I cannot written up what I was thinking. My father is a traditional Chinese father, his face is always looks like serious, and he doesn’t talk too much, also sometimes I don’t really talk to him, it is because I can feel that he always thinks I am too childish and I don’t like that feeling. The night makes me so impressive. We were talked for few hours in the night of Taiwan Father’s Day which is on October 8th. We were talking about our past, our present, my future, our religion, my career and future goals. I don’t remember we had talked so long like this time. I talked to him just like me talk with an old friend, it is a natural conversation. Then I thought he will realize that I am not a child anymore and he can recognized...
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...1. In the "Heinz and the Drug" case described in the chapter, Heinz's actions falls into which of Kohlberg's stages? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4 2. In stage 1 of Kohlberg's model, ethical reasoning is motivated by: A. Fear of punishment B. Satisfaction of one's needs C. Following the law D. Acting based on universal ethical principles 3. In the DigitPrint case, at which stage does Wally Wonderful reason if he insists on compliance with GAAP? A. Stage 2 B. Stage 3 C. Stage 4 D. Stage 5 4. Each of the following is an element of Rest's model of morality except for: A. Moral sensitivity B. One's stage of ethical development C. Moral motivation D. One's courage in making decisions 5. The actions of Sherron Watkins in the Enron case appears to reflect each of the following except for: A. Moral sensitivity B. Egoism C. Enlightened egoism D. Professional skepticism 6. Professional judgment in accounting includes each of the following attributes except for: A. Exercising due care in carrying out one's professional responsibilities B. Maintaining one's objectivity in decision making C. Maintaining one's integrity in decision making D. Acting in accordance with the moral point of view 7. In Thorne's model of ethical decision making, the instrumental virtues relate to: A. Moral sensitivity B. Ethical reasoning C. Ethical motivation D. Ethical character 8. In Cherron and Lowe's study of the link between professional skepticism and management accountants, the authors...
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...audience think that only liberals are friends of the “working man.” Fallacies: Scapegoat The speaker says “Boss Jim W. Gettys' political machine -- now in complete control of the government of this State! I made no campaign promises, because until a few weeks ago I had no hope of being elected.” The power of Getty’s “political machine” is purely to put blame elsewhere as an excuse for the speaker’s neglect to make campaign promises. Scare tactic The speaker says “The working man and the slum child know they can expect my best efforts in their interests. The decent, ordinary citizens know that I'll do everything in my power to protect the underprivileged, the underpaid, and the underfed!” in an attempt to scare the audience into thinking the opposing party will not protect the underprivileged, underpaid, and underfed. Ad Hominen: Multiple times the speaker attacks “boss Jim W. Gettys’” but neglects to ever mention specific policies of Gettys that he disagrees with. It appears as though he simply has a personal vendetta against Gettys. Strawman: “Well, I'd make my promises now if I weren't too busy arranging to keep them.” This statement’s vagueness appears to be an effort for the speaker to keep from having to make campaign promises, while still appeasing the audience’s need for campaign promises. Rhetorical Devices: Alliteration During the beginning of the speech, the campaigner and Kane speak in alliteration: “I am speaking of Charles Foster Kane, the fighting...
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...Decisions in Paradise Decisions in Paradise “Kava is a significant island in the south pacific. More than 50% of the population is under the age of 15. Kava consists of an ethnic mix of indigenous South Pacific tribes which, consist of Asian, French, and Spanish but has had a significant increase of Americans after World War II” (Business Scenario) The economy in Kava consists of “petroleum, coffee, cocoa, spices, bananas, sugar, tourism, fishing, and natural gas” (Business Scenario). The quality of labor is inexpensive. In an effort to be considerate of the stakeholders involved, Nicholas Financial, Incorporated needs to consider the details of the problems, the issues that need to be addressed, and try to come up with solutions to every problem on Kava. Kava has had their share of natural disasters as well as epidemics. These “natural disasters include tidal waves, tsunamis, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes” (Business Scenario). The petroleum spill is affecting the eco-system, marine wildlife and the integrity of beach property of the island. The other natural disasters have complicated these issues even further. Unfortunately, disease has become widespread because of the multitude of these disasters that have hammered this island recently. The devastation of the HIV/AIDS virus and the avian flu has presented other concerns to Kava and need to be addressed. Nik and Chris have asked...
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...Running head: THE HEALING HOSPITAL The Healing Hospital: Serving God and His People Sandra Grand Canyon University Spirituality in Healthcare HLT 310V August 28, 2011 The Healing Hospital Paradigm The Healing Hospital paradigm does not only bring love and care back to health care but radical loving care to the bedside. This concept, although seemingly progressive, borrows and puts into action theories of such great theorist as Jean Watson that believe in treating the mind, body, and soul (Watson, 2009). The average hospital mission statement is filled with promises of caring compassionate health care, but as with society today, they are mostly talk and no action. The Healing Hospital brings the talk into action bringing the radical care from the management down, believing that each person has a calling not a job that simply ends in provision. The spiritual aspect is brought back into health care for the patients as well as the staff, where each meeting is considered a sacred encounter. Although this sounds like a hospital made in heaven, it is a reality for such hospitals as Baptist Trust in Nashville, Tennessee and Mercy Gilbert Hospital in Gilbert, Arizona (Chapman, 2007). Mind, Body, and Soul So what are the mind, body and soul? The mind is defined as the part that processes reason, thinks, feels, wills, perceives, and judges the processes of the human brain. It is the totality of the conscious and unconscious thought processes and activities (Dictionary...
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...The core values and mission of an organization are contingent upon building team morale and promoting a healthy working environment free of negativity and conflict. Achieving the strategic goals and mission of Sun Systems Inc. is to achieve a high standard of excellence by building a well-trained and productive workforce while providing the best support to their customers. In addition, Sun System’s Inc values its employee’s and the service they provide. Through effective decision making and problem solving strategies, the corporation can develop an effective plan that can be readily accepted by the organization and its employee base. Although Sun Systems Inc. strives to maintain a productive and team oriented work environment, the corporation is faced with challenges directly related to the lack of acceptance and support of its employee base during the development and implementation of a new call management application and support process. In an effort to support the goals of the organization and in building a strong sound work environment free of conflict, problems such as emotional barriers, communication problems, negative perceptions, and a poorly managed work environment need to be identified and strategically resolved. The key to addressing the problems and resolving the employee concerns in an effort to arrive at a solution can be accomplished by the formulation and implementation of effective problem solving and decision making techniques. The...
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...Critical Thinking Application Paper Critical thinking is method that helps people guide their behaviors and improve the quality of thinking. Many terminologies can define such complex yet logical process, creating unique characteristics, and meanings. According to Michael and Richard (summer 1987), Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, and evaluating information gathered from experience, observation, reasoning, reflection, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. Such process becomes accustom to everyday life and applies itself in every decision one makes. The process of critical thinking helps people benefits and take advances to improve not only mentally but also logically, when people apply these circumstances in an everyday lives. Looking into the basic characteristics of critical thinking, one cannot overlook its importance and what it brings to everyday activity. Functioning, evaluating, creating or even thinking has become a second nature to us. According to Paul and Elder (2001), critical thinking is that mode of thinking, which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them. Observing the importance of our logical steps naturally occurs in our minds core process. Keeping our mind constantly advancing separates humans from all other living...
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