...(CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN by Xiaoyu Li A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Soo-Young Hong Lincoln, Nebraska November, 2012 FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS PREDICTORS FOR PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN LOW-INCOME CHILDREN Xiaoyu Li, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2012 Adviser: Soo-Young Hong The purpose of the current study was to examine the unique and collective contributions of...
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...This was done in order for them to determine whether their earlier detected associations with the involvement of quality, quantity, and type of care change over time. Four issues were addressed in their study: (1) whether associations linking child functioning with child-care quality, quantity, and type detected before school entry and in first through 3rd grade continued to be evident in 5th and 6th grade; (2) whether associations between child-care experiences and child development dissipated over time; (3) whether new relations emerged between child care and child development (i.e., sleeper effects); and (4) how relations between child care and child development compared, strength wise, with linkages between parenting quality and child development. They have found that, at the end of 5th grade (for cognitive and academic outcomes) and 6th grades (for social and behavioral outcomes), all three patterns of relations between the child care and child development, along with evidence that parenting quality proved to be a far stronger and is a more consistent predictor of tested achievement and teacher-reported social functioning was child-care experience. Furthermore, they have also found that, the children who scored slightly better in vocabulary in 5th grade, were those who had“experienced higher quality early child care (of any kind)”...
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...and sometimes lead to death. Children and adolescents who are bullied are at more of a risk for mental health problems. The mental health problems could include depression, anxiety, headaches, and problems adjusting to school. Bullying can also cause long-term damage to a child's self-esteem. Children and adolescents who are bullies are at a higher risk for substance use, academic problems, and violence to others later in life. Children or adolescents who are bullies and victims suffer the most serious effects of bullying and are at greater risk for mental and behavioral problems than those who are only bullied or who are only bullies. Those who bully others and those who are bullied are at higher risk for depression, NICHD research studies show. There are three components of bullying. One is power imbalance. When there is an imbalance of power, it is hard for the target to defend him or herself against bully's attacks. The difference in imbalance can be physical or psychological. For example in cases of physical imbalance the bully might be larger or stronger, older, or there may be a gang of bullies targeting the victim. Psychological imbalances are harder to recognize, but could be have more of a social status at school. As a result of power imbalance the person being bullied can feel weak, oppressed, threatened and vulnerable. Another component is repetitive actions. Bullies often target their victims a number of times. Sometimes bullying will be the...
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...Early Childhood Development and Social Inequalities by all families should have the same opportunities to live a descent life. But due to the backgrounds of some families, and children, they may not have a chance for this. There are certain risk factors that have a bearing on social inequalities in health, and particularly those that are prone to preventative intervention. There are many that I could talk about, but I have picked out four of these factors to talk about. They are biological factors, family and social factors, parenting factors, and attachment. Even these I feel that I will not be able to cover completely, because there is only a certain part we see, and then there is the that is kept hidden from all. There are many factors that influence the development and social inequalities in a child’s life. These include biological, family and social factors, parenting factors, attachment, and the way non-maternal care is influenced. All of these are risk factors that are likely to have a bearing on the child’s social inequalities on their health. The biological factors include premature birth, low birth weight, and a serious medical illness. The significantly influence and infants growth. “Low birth weight, less than 2500 grams, has a prevalence of 6 percent in white middle-class U.S. women, and 15 percent in ethnic minority teenagers. These teenagers tend to be single mothers.” At the Infant Health and Development Project, they found that in a large amount of premature infants...
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...Development Introduction While researching this topic I found it to be interesting that there is a controversy about this topic. When Judith Rich Harris published her book in 1998 "The Nurture Assumption" which in the book Harris revels that parents have little to no influence over the long-term development of their child's development. Therefore, developmental psychologist have found themselves on the defense about this topic. Harris believed that the child developed more by the people around them and the surrounding around them outside the home. Her ideas went widespread and gained media attention and therefore the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored a conference on parentingr." The fruit of this conference is a book, "Parenting and the Child's World: Influences on Academic, Intellectual and Socio emotional Development," to be published next year by Erlbaum. Chapters by Harris and behavioral geneticist David Rowe, PhD, present data to support Harris's view, while a cadre of developmental psychologists detail decades of research that they feel demonstrates the role parents play in influencing children's development" (Azar, pg. 62). Parents do matter, from the way they parent, to the foods they let the children eat, academics, socially, and personality development in a child. When looking back at earlier psychologist such as Piaget he believed that a child learned and grew as a person through experiments...
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...Non Parental Child Care Non parental Child Care, and the Influences It has on Development Amara Washington SOC312 Nancy Russell July 9, 2012 Non Parental Child Care and the Influence it has on Development In today’s society more and more women are working outside of the homes and are not able to take care of the children on a full time bases. When the parents are unable to tend to their children, they have to seek help from an outside source. Years ago, it was natural for the mother of the children to stay at home and care for them while the father goes to work. But time has changed and there is a major increase in single parenting than before. Even in two parent homes, the mother has to work in order to maintain the house hold and this is why non parental child care comes in. Before I can address the different types of non parental child care, I must first explain what non parental child care is. As stated in chapter five of Child, Family, School, Community it states that non parental child care is also known as day care is care given to children by persons other than parents during the parts of the day when parents are absent. This process can start as early as the child being an infant and extend into school years. It also states in the chapter that 70% of children ages 0 to 6, not yet in kindergarten are in child care for all or part of the day. There are three types of non parental child care that I will discuss, and the influences it can have on a child...
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...A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary...
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...School Bullying: A Dangerous Norm “Because he was short.” This is the response the media received when Jon Carmichael’s friends were asked why he was bullied to the point of taking his own life. In 2010, Carmichael hung himself in his family’s barn after incessant verbal and physical abuse. Besides being the target of homosexual slurs, he was thrown into trashcans on a weekly basis and held upside down over a toilet in the school’s bathroom while his head was flushed over and over. There is now a $20 million federal lawsuit against the school for negligence and rightfully so, because the most appalling part of this whole tragedy is the fact that Carmichael was only 13 years old. The lawsuit claims that several members of the school’s faculty witnessed the bullying and did not report it. It also states that an unknown staff member even filmed one incident and posted the video on YouTube (Kuo & Cooper, 2011). Unfortunately cases like this one are occurring far too frequently in our society, and the ages of these victims who commit suicide are dropping. Carmichael’s tragic ending is just one horrific example of what can happen when school officials choose to look the other way after witnessing bullying. The purpose of this proposal is to convince readers that school administrators need to actively identify and attend to the bully’s potential psychological issues, instead of focusing on the victim’s behavior. When faculty members ignore confrontations between students, they...
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...Autism is part of a group of neurological disorders. There are two specified groups pertaining to autism. Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). within PDD-NOS falls Rett Syndrome and Childhood Disintegrative Disorders. Autism is referred to in today’s medical field as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (NICHD.gov) Although there are different level of autism; levels referring to severity, everyone that has autism falls under the category of “ASD“, Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism affects the normal development of the brain in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. Children and adults with autism have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure or play activities. This disorder makes it hard for them to relate to the outside world. It is hard for them to communicate with others. Aggressive and/or self-injurious behavior may be present in some cases. (Autism Speaks, 2009) The word "Autism," which has used for the last one-hundred years, comes from the Greek word "autos," meaning "self." The term describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction (self removed). Eugene Bleuler, who was a Swiss psychiatrist, was the first person to use the term Autism in 1911 (Wikipedia ). Autism research and discovery is greatly in part to the research of Leo Kanner, a psychiatrist who became the first physician in the world to be titled...
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...Chapter Overview 12.1 The Beginnings of Development What Is Development? Prenatal Development The Newborn CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.1 Before and Preoperational Stage Concrete Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage Challenges to Piaget’s Stage Theory Social Development The Power of Touch Attachment Theory Disruption of Attachment Family Relationships Peers After Birth 12.2 Infancy and Childhood Physical Development Cognitive Development Piaget’s Stage Theory Sensorimotor Stage CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.2 Stages of Cognitive Development 12 Learning Objectives Development Throughout the Life Span 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Describe the development of the field and explain the prenatal and newborn stages of human development. Discuss physical development in infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and...
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...at FAST-NU, Lahore * * * * * Acknowledgement We have conducted a survey on the topic: “DETRIMENTAL IMPACTS OF BOTH WORKING PARENTS ON THEIR CHILDREN”. Before selecting this topic, we took instructions from our teachers and seniors. Under the supervision of or teacher, we prepared a questionnaire and conducted a survey. We are indebted to our teacher for her advice as we prepared this report. We are especially grateful to the students of FAST-NU, LUMS, LSE, GC University and Punjab University for giving their point of view regarding this topic and helping us with the survey. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract | 03 | Statement of Problem | 04 | Purpose | 04 | Central Phenomenon | 04 | Literature Review | 05 | Limitations of Study | 05 | Key Question | 05 | Survey Method | 06 | Introduction to The Topic | 10 | Causes: Why Do Parents Work? | 12 | Child Development: The Critical Parent-Child Relationship | 14 | What Kids Think About Working Parents | 17 | Stress on Working Mother | 18 | Effects on the Children of Working Parents | 19 | Problems Faced by the Children | 22 | Solutions to the Problems | 24 | Conclusion | 27 | Questionnaire | 28 | Graphical Representation of Survey | 33 | References | 34 | ABSTRACT Ever since both the parents began entering the work force, the debate has been looming over parents who enter the work force and those who choose to remain at home with their children. Such concerns are whether or not having both...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study: Broken homes are experience by some of the students not only with those in poverty line families but same goes to middle and higher class families. Parents chose to live separately regardless how their children feel and its impact to their lives, however, there are still parents in spite of the situation still supports and care of their children in their studies, and others. It is worthy to note that majority of high school students in the country who got poor or failing grades in their academic subjects came from broken homes. Some of them as we saw were not just having poor academic performance but instead they let themselves be retained at their year level after dropping-out their respective subjects. It is timely to identify or to determine if students in high school who came from broken homes are greatly affected in their academic classes. To find out the answers of this query, the researcher aims to study “The Academic Performance of Students Coming from Broken Homes”. THE PROBLEM Statement of the Problem: This research study aimed to explore and determine the academic performance of high school students coming from broken homes. Likewise, it would found out whether students coming from broken homes affect their academic performance during the academic year 2010-2011. Specifically, this research sought to answer the following sub-problems: 1.) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: ...
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...A STUDY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP <<青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究>> 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 THE FINAL REPORT (FINAL version) February 2011 1 PREFACE The project on the study on “DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP” (“the Study”) is being undertaken by the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong (“the Consultant”). The research team comprises the principal investigator (PI), Professor Paul YIP, Director of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong, and eight co-investigators (Co-Is), Dr. CHEUNG Siu Lan Karen (Demographer), Dr. Sandra Tsang (Social and Family Worker), Dr. Samson Tse (Focus group expert on mental health and drug abuse), Dr. Wong Oi Ling (Family therapist, Family Institute), Prof. Karen Laidler (Sociologist, expertise on assessing drug abuse problem), Dr. Paul Wong (Clinical psychologist), Ms. Frances Law (Social Worker), and Dr. Lilian Wong (Associate Consultant, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hospital Authority). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Ip, the research assistant of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Ms. Garlum Lau, the senior research officer 2 of the Department of Sociology, the participants and NGOs for focus groups and case studies for their kind and valuable...
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...Pearson, P. D., & Cervetti, G. N. (2013). The psychology and pedagogy of reading processes. In W. Reynolds, & G. Miller, (Eds.), Educational Psychology, V.VII, of Handbook of Psychology (2nd Ed) (pp. 507-554). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 12 The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading Processes P. David Pearson and Gina Cervetti As we approach the monumental task of living up to the standard imposed by our predecessor, the late Michael Pressley, in writing the reading chapter for this, the seventh volume in the series of Handbooks of Psychology, we are both privileged and humbled by the opportunity of continuing the legacy of providing a comprehensive account of new theoretical and empirical contributions to reading research. Respectful of the cross-age approach that Pressley took in the last volume (account for progress of beginning readers, adolescent and adult readers— and along the way highlight some pedagogical processes that are salient at all levels, such as word recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension), we took a different approach. We decided to focus on reading as a fundamentally cognitive process that can be influenced by contextual forces at many levels, most notably for education, schools, and policy environments. Thus we deal with the fundamental psychological aspects of reading—word level processes (including subword processes such as phonological awareness and decoding, word reading, and vocabulary, with all of its entailments), and...
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...Sciences, College of (CEHS) at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR by Ibrahim H. Acar A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Child, Youth, & Family Studies Under the Supervision of Professor Julia C. Torquati Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2013 PREDICTORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PEER INTERACTIONS: TEMPERAMENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR Ibrahim H. Acar, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2013 Adviser: Julia C. Torquati The current study was a correlational study that examined children’s temperament (inhibitory control and shyness) and prosocial behavior as predictors of preschool-aged children’s...
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