...Assignment: Competition in the European Union: The legal framework Assignment: Competition in the European Union The legal framework Case Study Florian Madl BUS 573_Law for Business Executives, CLU 1 Assignment: Competition in the European Union: The legal framework Table of content 1. The Case ........................................................................................ 3 1.1. General .......................................................................................... 3 1.2. Case Description ........................................................................... 3 1.2.1. General Description ...................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Duration of the infringement ....................................................... 4 1.2.3. Geographical scope ....................................................................... 4 1.3. Decision ......................................................................................... 4 2. Analysis of the Case ....................................................................... 5 3. Additional Informations ............................................................. 10 4. Bibliography ................................................................................ 11 2 Assignment: Competition in the European Union: The legal framework 3 1. The Case 1.1. General Case:...
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...The European Union was founded and created in 1951, after two World Wars and numerous conflicts and wars within Europe. Though it was not created as a union for all of Europe, but as a treaty signed by six European countries; Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg and was then called the “Coal and Steel Treaty”. The Treaty would then as time went by be joined by more countries and eventually, as the situation in Europe changed, it went from “Coal and Steel Treaty” to the European Union with the power and influence it actually has today. The work of the European Union might not show in the everyday life for a typical citizen, but it is there, and does actually affect the situation, not only considering the huge amount of money that is put into the union every year. Every year, all the member countries are to put money into the union in order for it to be able to function properly, and long-time budget lasting from 2014 to 2020 has been set up with the sum of 960 billion euro1, of which a large percentage comes from the rich countries2. But the EU is not only costing the member countries money. The Union is the reason Europeans are able to move freely over European borders, the United Kingdom being the only exception, and European citizens are also allowed to move and seek for employment in other European countries. The EU is also a trade bloc, and thereby makes trading easy since no tariffs or quotas are required. Because of free trade and people being...
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...Agreements between Britain, America, France, and the Soviet Union following World War II attempted to maintain some semblance of representative government in Europe. Among these, the Declaration of Liberated Europe established that Allies would promote largely democratic government systems in Eastern Europe, and hold free elections as soon as possible (38). While this was mostly successful in Western Europe, Stalin and his successors failed to uphold the spirit of the agreement in Eastern Europe, as their primary concern was legitimizing Communism in the satellite nations. Later in the century, countries such as Spain, Portugal, and Greece witnessed a remarkably bloodless transition to democracy in the 1970s, in part because it developed from compromise, and not a popular revolution (327). This lesson later proved essential when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. The bloodless, and rather sudden, dissolution of the Soviet Union certainly proved revolutionary, but spared Eastern Europeans the horrors of...
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...Role of International Organization in Trade Contents Role of International Organization in Trade 2 Introduction 3 1- European Union 3 Introduction 3 European Union law 4 Role of European Union in international trade 5 European Union and the Maldives 6 2- Internal Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 6 Introduction 6 • Arbitration: 6 • Pre-arbitral Referee: 7 • Appointing Authority 7 • ICC ADR 7 • ICC Dispute Board Rules 7 • ICC International Centre for Expertise 7 • ICC International Centre for Expertise: 8 Role of International Chamber of Commerce in International Trade 8 Maldives and International Chamber of Commerce 8 3- United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNICITRAL) 8 The Role and Mandate of UNCITRAL 9 Legislative and Non-Legislative texts 9 Legislative text 9 Coordinating the work of other similar organizations 10 UNCITRAL role in International Trade 10 UNCITRA and Maldives 10 4- Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) 11 AIM 11 The work of the OECD 11 OECD and International Trade 11 • OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 12 OECD and Maldives 12 References 13 Role of International Organization in Trade Introduction Every nation in the world participates in international trade to some extent. And practically every product is either traded or relies on components from international suppliers. Trade is not just about physical goods, though. Knowledge and experience can be bought and sold internationally...
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...your job. In order to get this or that in life, sometimes you have to know the “right” people in “higher” places. It’s not right but unfortunately that is how it is. With politics, comes along with conflicts. There are debates when it comes down to it. During the Presidential campaigning, there are debates between two people address the nation with a lot of problem solving concerning the issues of the world. One party is stating what they believe that is better for the world while the other party will beg the difference. Both parties will make each other out to be liars but in all reality, Politian’s are just that; liars. Debates are great to have to know which party will win, back down and which party will get caught up in a lie. My all time favorite of listening to Politian’s is that when they are debating, they will refuse to answer a question and will walk away. All a political debate is just a conflict between parties having disagreements about Medicare, welfare, health insurance, etc. This research paper will inform you of the United Nations Union, the European Union and the conflicts involving each group. The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to...
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...In order to research the relationship between right-wing populism and Christianity in Europe I am proposing a quantitative research analysis through a general questionnaire survey of the European Union’s electorate. This survey will ask European voters two questions, (1) what values are most important to you? (2) What is your preferred political party, or party voted for in the most recent national or European Union elections? The first question will provide respondents with a list of values, from which they will rank the top three they find most important. The value list will contain such items as friendship and family, independence, social justice, national identity, honoring traditions, culture, faith in god, sanctity marriage, forgiveness,...
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...Financial Crisis in the European Union: The Cases of Greece and Ireland Sara F. Taylor Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Scott G. Nelson, Chair Karen M. Hult Deborah J. Milly September 7, 2011 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: EUROPEAN UNION, EUROZONE, GREECE FINANCIAL CRISIS, IRELAND BANKING CRISIS, EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK Copyright 2011 Sara F. Taylor Financial Crisis in the European Union: The Cases of Greece and Ireland Sara Frances Taylor ABSTRACT The 2008 eurozone financial crisis has only worsened as of summer 2011 raising questions about the economic future of the eurozone and sending shock waves through economies around the world. Greece was the first state to receive a bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund, surprisingly followed only six months later by Ireland. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the challenges posed to smaller, weaker economies within the eurozone, specifically Greece and Ireland, since the recent eurozone financial crisis. This study is based on the experiences of both Greece and Ireland as very different members of the single currency. How and why did these states meet the criteria for euro convergence? To what extent was there support for the euro in both countries in the past? To what extent is there support today after the near collapse...
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...collective bargaining 15 3.2 The impact of negotiation strategy for a given situation 17 Win-Win Strategy 17 Win-Lose Strategy 17 LO 4 : Understanding the concept of employee participation and involvement 20 4.1 The influence of the EU on industrial democracy in the UK 20 4.2 Comparing of the methods used to gain employee participation and involvement in the decision making process 23 4.3 The impact of human resource management on employee relations 24 Conclusion 26 References & Bibliography 27 Introduction The Purpose of this assignment to acquire knowledge and development of skills about employee Relations (Relations between an employer and a collective workforce, typically through a recognized union), its nature, historical background, types, and European Union roles in its development. It also encompasses the industrial conflicts such as strike, lock out etc. and the procedure for solving those dispute to ensure smooth business operation. Further purpose of this assignment is to know...
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...The Potential Twilight of the European Union Charles A. Kupchan INTRODUCTION The European Union’s (EU) trillion-dollar loan package succeeded in quelling the financial maelstrom spawned by Greek debt. Nonetheless, the financial crisis has taken a painful toll on many EU members, and high national debts and the uncertain health of the continent’s banks may mean more trouble ahead. Although these economic woes have of late captured the headlines, they pale in comparison with a more serious malady: Europe’s historic experiment in political union is faltering. As the poisonous politics that delayed the EU’s rescue of the eurozone revealed, Europe is experiencing a renationalization of political life. The project of European integration, which has steadily advanced since the bitter years after World War II, has been thrown into reverse as its members claw back from the union the traditional powers of national sovereignty. And the causes run much deeper than the ongoing financial crisis, suggesting they are here to stay. Generational change, a backlash against globalization, and the absence of a compelling vision of Europe’s place in the world may well mean that the European Union is running out of steam. The EU’s uncertain future has enormous stakes for Americans as well as Europeans. Europe remains the United States’ go-to partner on every front—from stewardship of the global economy to curbing global warming to bringing stability to Afghanistan. With U.S. debt soaring...
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...…………………………………...6 4. Customs Union………………………………………………………………..7 5. Turkish government and the accession of Cyprus in the EU………………8 5.1 Turkey’s short term economic effect on the EU…………………………..9 5.2 Turkey’s territorial advantages for the EU……………………………….10 5.3 Religion and culture in Turkey…………………………………………….11 5.4 Food in Turkey and its safety- Security and the EU……...………………12 6. Impact of EU’s democratic standards to Turkey…………………………..13 7. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….16 Index of Abbreviations BTC- Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan EEC- European Economic Community EU-European Union EC- European Council EP- European Parliament FAO- Food and agriculture organization SEES-Southeastern European states Introduction Europe - the cradle of human civilization, boiling pot full of many various nationalities, cultures and languages. Geographical borders within and outside of the Europe have changed every time when a new Empires began to flourish. Even now, in the 21st century borders of EU are not defined clearly. Should the Borders be set according to the historical data, geographical location or according to the economical benefits? It is a very controversial topic. How does every additional member of EU affect the economical, political and demographical atmosphere within the EU? In order to find answer to these questions, a lot of historical data has to be analyzed and various economic theories must be considered. European...
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... | |Date: |6 May 1998 | In December 1997, members of the European Union (EU) met in Luxembourg, for a European Council summit, to talk about countries being considered for future EU membership. Among these countries, there was one remarkable absence: Turkey. Since it was excluded from this enlargement process for the foreseeable future, relations between the EU and Turkey have been very cold. Turkish Prime Minister, Mesut Yilmaz, has given the EU until the next European Council meeting in June to include Turkey in the pre-accession group of applicant countries. Otherwise, it has threatened to withdraw Turkey's application for membership. Even if such threats are unlikely to have an impact on the EU, they point out a major clash in the EU-Turkey relations. At this stage of my research, my point is not to argue whether Turkey should enter the EU or not. My research project is meant to find out whether it has the ability to meet European requirements, on a political and economic basis. However, I want to make sure that you understand the importance of this research. Turkey has been waiting since 1963 to enter the European Union. Today, the country is split between a strong religious party (the RP) and a majority of secular western-oriented people. Continuing to refuse Turkey might throw it in the hands of the islamists who are totally...
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...JCMS 2010 Volume 48 Annual Review pp. 95–118 Institutions and Governance: A New Treaty, a Newly Elected Parliament and a New Commission jcms_2096 95..118 DESMOND DINAN George Mason University Introduction Elections for the European Parliament (EP) and the nomination of a new European Commission made 2009 a particularly important year with regard to European Union institutions and governance. More significant than these five-yearly events, however, was the long-delayed ratification and implementation of the Lisbon Treaty. In June 2009, EU leaders approved a Decision ‘on the concerns of the Irish people on the Treaty of Lisbon’, which they annexed to the European Council conclusions. They also agreed that ‘at the time of the conclusion of the next accession Treaty [. . .] the provisions of the annexed Decision’ would be included ‘in a Protocol to be attached [. . .] to the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union’ (Council, 2009a). The purpose of the promised Protocol was to facilitate a second referendum in Ireland on the Lisbon Treaty and to help ensure a successful outcome. The Irish government soon announced that the referendum would take place on 2 October. The prospect of a favourable result looked bright, thanks to the global economic crisis, which hit Ireland particularly hard. Although ratifying the Treaty would not make a material difference, it would send a positive signal to international investors...
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...separating West and East Germany was opened and the Cold War came to an end. The breakdown of the Soviet Union and the collapse of Communism that accompanied it brought about the victory of market economy and democracy in Europe. It also engendered the emergence of new states in the East and the resurgence of nationalism across the continent. Czechoslovakia disappeared in 1992 with the creation of the Czech and Slovak republics, Yugoslavia has been torn apart by ethnic conflict and Kosovo is still fighting for its independence.[1] Indeed, the map of Europe has experienced considerable transformations. Over the last decades, the European Union has grown at a rapid pace and has accelerated its enlargement process gradually eroding frontiers and challenging its citizens with new forms of loyalty. While the integration process consistently expands and deepens, so does the need for more democracy which some perceived of suffering from a deficit in the Union. Since 1989, the revival of regional identity has strongly been felt and regionalist and micro-nationalist movements have gained in political strength, representation and size; they have achieved a certain notoriety. Across the community, those movements question the nature of the nation-state, which they often view as obsolete, and present challenges both to the larger state they are part of and to the European Union. To answer the question of whether contemporary regionalist and micro-nationalist movements threaten...
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...Through the help of the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA), Canada and the European Union have established an agreement that will further help the trade deals and investment ties between Canada and the European Union. Opening up the trade with CETA will eliminate 98% tariffs between both countries. This means Canada and the European Union will be able to import and export goods to each other at a more frequent and cheaper rate as well as opening up the market for more sales/trade opportunities. This deal will supposable outdo the North American Free Trade agreement that involved Canada, the United States and Mexico if approved by the European Union Parliament. In the article “Canada, EU agree...
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...European Identity The European Community, now known as the European Union, was created in the 1950’s after the world wars. After World War II europe wrose us and decided to come together to prevent anything like that from ever happening again. Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands came together and established the European Coal and Steel Community to control these resources in order to control the countries’ production of weapons. This made sure that no country produced weapons to start another World War. The European Community was formed to keep Germany under control and make sure another Nazi Party never formed ever again. The European Union was supposed to make peace between these countries and slowly grow over time. The goal was to make the these countries codependent of each other economically, so that it would prevent them from going to war with each other. If the countries depend on each other to keep their individual economies alive they would not be tempted to start a war. However, an identity for all these joined countries is the most idea idea to keep them united and at peace. “The European Commision introduced the concept of European identity already at the Copenhagen summit in 1973” (Pawel Karolewski). The goal was the from a European vision of the United States by making requirements that need to be met to join the Union, like like democracy and human rights laws, and also bringing the people together with programmes that have government...
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