...11/4/2013 Well Integrity: Hydraulic Fracturing & Well ConstructionWhat are the Factual Risks? George E. King Apache Corporation SPE Webinar 5 November 2013 History • Invented in era of 1943 to 1947 by Standard Oil of Indiana (Stanolin => Pan American => Amoco). • Fully commercial by 1954. • First multi-fractured deviated wells in 1975. • Million pound sand jobs in mid 1970’s • Million gallon fracs in mid 1980’s. • Horizontal multi-fractured shale wells in 1988. • Over 1 million jobs completed by mid 1990’s. • About 2 million jobs completed by 2012. 1 11/4/2013 Oil and Gas Development – The Stages 1. Assessment – is it worth drilling? • Seismic, outcrops, lab work, etc. 2. Exploration - initial drill, well construction, limited fracs • Identify what cannot be assessed in laboratory. 3. Development / Construction / Stimulation • Main development – drill, construct, fracturing 4. Operations / Production – the work • Flow – maintenance, operation styles, 5. Reclamation – Restore surface & seal old well Red Flags to the Community • • • • • • Trucking – congestion, accidents, road damage. Chemicals – unidentified, misidentified, no info. Perception of high water usage Influx of workers Spills Lack of contact from the developers! • Hysteria Sources: Bloggers, slanted “university studies” “documentaries” some “environmentalists”, media, rumor mills….. Definitions • Fracturing Operations – – – – – ...
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...world around them in a blink of the eye, and about how in the face of fear, panic is often a lethal reaction. Though not many people are faced with beasts of such a tremendous size in their every day life, modern day people face their own raging terrors daily. Bradbury illustrates how a split second or a single butterfly changes the world. He shows that man can be naive, and all too eager to mess with things they might not be able to handle or understand. Humans are often rash and headstrong creatures with little...
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...SYSTEM FOR A UAV USING FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION METHOD Ghassan. Atmeh1 and Zeaid, Hasan2 1 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, email: atmehg@gmail.com 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, email: zeadnws@hotmail.com CmδE Cn CY CYo CYβ CYδR CYδA c d D g J L L m q R = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Pitching moment coefficient due to elevator deflection Yawing moment coefficient Side-force coefficient Side-force coefficient for zero angle of attack Side-force coefficient contribution due to side-slip angle Side-force coefficient contribution due to rudder deflection Side-force coefficient contribution due to aileron deflection Wing cord (m) UAV displacement from glide path (m) Drag fore (N) Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2) Inertia matrix Lift force (N) Applied moment vector (N.m) Mass (kg) Dynamic pressure Slant range (m) ABSTRACT An automatic landing system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is presented in the following paper. The nonlinear aircraft model with elevator deflection and thrust as control inputs is established using the appropriate aerodynamic data, followed by the definition of the flight trajectory the airplane is expected to travel during landing, which is divided into glide path and flare. Nonlinear control using feedback linearization method is employed to develop the automatic landing controller for the UAV aircraft. Elevator deflection...
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...posted rewards for their arrest. Many law enforcements died violently when they tried to confront Bonnie and Clyde. They created the barrow gang with Clyde's brother Buck and his wife Blanche. In the end, the law caught up to Bonnie and Clyde, and killed them while they were riding in a stolen car. Bonnie and Clyde's biography, crime spree, and death are the more interesting part about them. Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas. She was 4'11" in her stocking feet, and weighed around 90 pounds. She got married at married young, at age 16. For money, she was forced to become a waitress. Bored and poor, she knew life had something more to offer. Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 in Texas. He stood 5'7", weighed 130 pounds, slicked back his thick brown hair in the style of the day, and parted it on the left. His eye color matched his hair. Women found him attractive. He came into this world as one of many children born to dirt-poor tenant farmer parents barely making a living on the cotton fields of Teleco, Texas. Moving with his parents, brothers and sisters to the Dallas outskirts, where his father ran a gas station (in which the family members crowded as one into a tiny back room), Clyde quickly learned to abhor poverty. Bored and poor, he too knew life had something more to offer Bonnie and Clyde met in January 1930, and were first linked in crime in a December 1932 automobile theft (Redinger 1). Yet for all their infamy, Bonnie and Clyde were not...
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...------------------------------------------------- Marfa, Texas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Marfa, Texas | City | Presidio County courthouse in Marfa | Location of Marfa in Presidio County, Texas | Marfa, TexasLocation in the United States of America | Coordinates: 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″WCoordinates: 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″W | Country | United States | State | Texas | County | Presidio | Government | • Mayor | Dan Dunlap | Area | • Total | 1.6 sq mi (4.1 km2) | • Land | 1.6 sq mi (4.1 km2) | • Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) | Elevation | 4,685 ft (1,428 m) | Population (2010) | • Total | 1,981 | • Density | 1,354.6/sq mi (523.0/km2) | Time zone | Central (CST) (UTC-6) | • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ZIP code | 79843 | Area code | 432 | FIPS code | 48-46620[1] | GNIS feature ID | 1340942[2] | Website | marfacc.com | Marfa is a city in the high desert of the Trans-Pecos in far West Texas, located between the Davis Mountains and Big Bend National Park. It is the county seat of Presidio County, and its population as of the 2010 United States Census was 1,981. The city was founded in the early 1880s as a waterstop; the population increased during World War II, but the growth stalled and reversed somewhat during the late 20th century. Today, Marfa is a tourist destination and a major center for Minimalist art. Attractions include Building 98, the Chinati Foundation, artisan shops, historical architecture, a classic Texas town square, modern art installments...
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...housing boom, many natural areas have disappeared. The point of preservationists is that there need to be certain aspects of the natural population that are never disturbed. The disagreement among naturalists arises from the methods of protection versus the actual concept of protection. Some believe conservation of resources provides the best of all worlds. Individuals can, for example, live in a subdivision, but the subdivision would be placed adjacent to natural forests, wetlands, or other natural areas of importance to the environment. Within these wetlands and forests, a responsible construction of paths or observation platforms could permit the public to enjoy the natural areas without negatively impacting them. The contrast in conservation theory versus preservation theory might best be described at the Texas Environmental Profiles Web site: In modern scientific usage conservation implies sound biosphere management within given social and economic...
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...Abortion in America: Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt The purpose of this paper is to illustrate significant events that have aided in the evolution and adoption of abortion laws established in the United States. Despite the lengthy history of abortion laws and healthcare policies in our country, the subject remains to be a relevant debate topic in circulation today that deeply divides societal interests among pro-life or pro-choice activists. Most recently, the Supreme Court ruled on the Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt case that notably sparked one of the largest anti-abortion demonstrations in history. The hearing was held in response to the Texas House Bill 2 (HB2) signed into law in 2013, that led to the systematic closing of abortion...
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...------------------------- and I am giving a briefing today on one of human kinds biggest enemies. The object of this briefing is to inform all of you about the hope that has recently been discovered to possibly cure HIV/AIDS. One of the biggest germs of our time which is responsible for over 2 million lives lost is HIV/AIDS also known as Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. There is an estimated 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS. This monster of a virus is crossing all ethnic lines as well as social classes and all age groups. It sees no color of the skin, your age or where you come from. What is HIV or by its scientific name the human immune deficiency syndrome or immunodeficiency virus: it is a modern day virus that according to some research dates back to the early 1950’s. As it grows today it has been around since the 1970’s in its current form. HIV has to forms, HIV-1B and HIV-1c. HIV-1B is mainly in the United States and HIV-1C is what we find in Africa. You can have HIV for years and not have any symptoms at all, so what are the phases of HIV? (2) 1) The primary HIV infection phase (aka as acute sero-conversion illness) 2) The asymptomatic phase 3) The minor symptomatic phase 4) The major symptomatic phase 5) AIDS Where did HIV/AIDS come from? Some say it came from chimpanzees in West Africa, others would argue and say that it is a homosexual disease that hit the U.S in the 1980’s. “While conspiracy theorists claim...
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...MYTHOLOGY IN MODERN SOCIETY [pic] [pic] [pic] |Mythology is everywhere! Daily you run across instances of words, city names, companies, | |literary allusions - and even planets and constellations - that take their name or borrow | |their theme from myths. Because of your many requests, I've provided a couple of thousand | |excellent examples to help you get started in your research. Remember, you're surrounded | |by mythology in today's society, whether you realize it or not! | Mythological Influence on Modern... |[pic]Companies & Groups |[pic]Planets & Constellations | |[pic] Words & Expressions |[pic]Literary & Pop Culture | [pic]American Cities Named From Mythology [pic] COMPANIES & GROUPS |Mythology is everywhere! There are hundreds of companies, groups and corporations that take their name, logo or theme from ancient mythology. | |I've provided a variety of examples to help you in starting your research. Some are well-known international companies, others are of a more | |local nature. | |Aegis - Zeus and Athena's protective shield; modern group of insurance companies (The Aegis Group). | |Ajax - Greek warrior in the Trojan War, who "cleaned up" in...
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...their coated body. In the middle of the crowded area, there's a gorgeous fountain that creates a wave-like water feature. A few feet away from the fountain is a Statue of Aleksander HR. Fredro, a Polish poet, and author who wrote during Polish Romanticism period, as he sits in a chair holding quill in right hand high on top of a stone stand. On the peaceful stroll from the plaza to the salt mine, walkers that pass all these old aged architecture mixed advanced architectures. The arched brick framework with mirror-like window has a traditional background with a splash of a modern taste to help pleasure the trendy new teens to the elderly of the old city. Making way to the Wieliczka Salt Mine, on the sides of these old timed buildings, there are these bright, beautiful murals that street artists had created. Entering the 50 ft building, the ceiling was covered with beautiful crystals shining the path to a cold welcome of the salt mines. Luxury cars line along the stone roads. Many tourists are in awe while passing by the cars, but the residents seemed unfazed. Going through the city, visitors could tell that Wroclaw was a more wealthy city than most. From owning Porsches to fur coats to name brand bags, the never-ending list with the glamourous items. The individuals don’t let these items define how they act towards others. Europeans may have more expensive belongings, but they are very friendly with those around. For example, when they see someone who is struggling, such...
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...practice among corporations, allowed businessmen to benefit from tragedy. Circumstances created by the war similarly led the ambitious on a path to affluence. Among these companies exist many household names, having achieved recognition in this time period. The Civil War served as a key factor in the progression and eventual worldwide popularity of many modern businesses. During the Civil War, and even in conflicts today, businesses use war profiteering to energize and develop their brands’ recognition. Taking advantage of wartime to sell products to opposing factions allowed companies and corporations...
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...“Water, not Oil, is the lifeblood of Texas” -James A. Michener 2011 saw what was one of the driest seasons in Texas’ history, local climatologists are forcasting one of the worst droughts since the 1950’s when Texas rainfall dropped 30-50% lower than normal and temperatures rose to incredibly abnormal highs (Brown, Texas Punishing dry spells). As a result water supplies ran so low that many communities had to import water from outside states, many local farms and ranches failed and the state’s demographics became skewed due to the high number of relocated families (Brown). This drought and its effects were some of the worst since those seen in 1908 when Bowder springs was completely depleted, the Trinity River was pumped dry, and all water storage along the river proved inadequate (Turner, Long Range Water Supplies Plan). Due to the brevity of time available to find a solution, many studies have been enacted in efforts to find a viable solution to the potential water losses. We present to you in parts 1 and 2 our findings on possible scenarios for water conservation and outside resources should our current available resources become depleted. Part 1: Solutions for Replenishing Depleted Local Water Resources Sourcing Water from Local Aquifers When many think of the valuable underground natural resources that are found in Texas, oil and natural gas are sure to be at the top the list for most people. And by and large they are correct, but there is one resource that is a part...
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...how greed and corruption by the United States government ultimately leads to poor decisions after a horrific disaster in 1900 [Larson]. In addition, well-researched essays by Henry Demarest Lloyd and Emma Goldman back up Larson’s theory that the Gilded Age was actually a very dark time for the United States. Isaac’s Storm describes the historical aspects of the national weather service, weather forecasting, and hurricane predictions. Larson gives insight into the personal tragedy of a destructive storm in September of 1900 and how it affected Galveston, Texas and its position as a major city in the United States. Teemed with devastation and arrogance, the book follows Isaac Cline who was one of the first meteorologists at a time when there really was not a true science connected to weather predictions. He showed a real aptitude in this new field and eventually found himself assigned to the weather bureau in Galveston, Texas [Larson]. At the beginning of the 20th Century, a great confidence pervaded the United States. Isaac Cline was one of the era’s new men, a scientist who believed he knew all there was to know about the motion of clouds and the behavior of storms. This type of confidence was matched with the wealth and power of industry leaders acting as robber barons and not captains of industry [Foner]. According to Larson and essayists Lloyd and Goldman, there was an imbalance between the rich and the poor and the United States felt bigger and stronger than ever before...
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...Who Really are the Freemasons? Throughout modern history, an organization known as the Freemasons has created controversy and raised many questions about the true purpose or purposes behind their activities. It is said to be the world’s oldest and largest fraternity. It proclaims itself to be a group “comprised of adult men (18+) of good character from every country, religion, race, age, income, education, and opinion, who believe in a supreme being.”(What is Freemasonry?). Furthermore, the Freemasons claim to promote the idea that “each man has responsibility to improve himself while being devoted to his family, faith, country, and fraternity.”(What is Freemasonry?). This sounds innocent enough, but does it provide a full picture of Freemasonry? While always a secretive organization, several events in modern times have led to an increased interest in the Freemasonry and suspicions about the actual reasons for their existence. How did the Freemasonry begin? One theory is that the Freemasons were originally a group of tradesmen who worked as masons. (www.grandlodge-tn.org) A mason is, by dictionary definition, “a person whose trade is building with units of various natural or artificial mineral products, as stones, bricks, cinder blocks, or tiles, usually with the use of mortar or cement as a bonding agent”. (www.dictionary.com). And according to historical records, the Freemasons began as illegal trade unions of stonemasons in England during the...
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...longevity. Strong leadership also entails a community to police itself and expunge those who don’t “cut the mustard.” I agree in acceptance, but not without structure, balance, and leadership. The author David Berreby writes in his essay “It takes a Tribe’ about identities “New identities are forged within the university as well, in elite groups like Skull and Bones at Yale or the Corps of Cadets at Texas A&M or Michigamua at the university of Michigan: in sororities and fraternities: even in particular major and particular labs. Students don’t just attend a college they join its tribes.” (113). This is an example of needing to accept people for who they are and using leadership to shape and mold the community. Students aren’t going to stop trying to join the “tribe,” you damn well better be ready and lean to your strong leadership to weed out the...
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