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Emphysematous COPD is type A COPD and has many different characters compare to chronic bronchitis COPD. First, emphysema is impairing the surface of gas exchange and air trapped in the lung due to alveoli damaged. So, patient needs more energy to breathing and therefore, most patients are losing weight and skinny. Also, patient use accessory muscle to breathe for example, pursed-lip breathing and lean forward to breath. Unlikely bronchitis COPD, emphysematous COPD not producing sputum and productive cough because there’s no inflammation in bronchial wall. Auscultation reveals diminished breath sound and there’s no crackled sound due to destruction of alveoli. Lastly bronchitis COPD decreasing the ventilation and increasing the cardiac output due obstruction in airway without damaging the capillary bed but emphysematous COPD is increasing ventilation due to damaging in the capillary bed.

Reference

Medline Plus (Feb 24, 2014) Hematocrit Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003646.htm

Rachel nail (July 18,2012) Blood gas test Retrieved from http://www.healthline.com/health/blood-gases#Overview1

American thoracic society (Feb 2, 2012) What is COPD? Retrieved from http://www.thoracic.org/clinical/copd-guidelines/for-patients/what-is-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd.php

5. What effects would his respiratory disease have on his cardiovascular function?
Pulmonary hypertension is known as one of the most common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease is believed to be the most common cause of PH and is associated with high morbidity and mortality (Guzzi, Barry, 2012). PH in our textbook is defined as a sustained increase in pulmonary artery pressure above 25mmHg systolic resting and above 30mm Hg systolic with exercise.(Copstead,

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