...Cancer Control Knowledge into Action WHO Guide for Effective Programmes Diagnosis and Treatment Cancer Control Knowledge into Action WHO Guide for Effective Programmes Diagnosis and Treatment WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Diagnosis and Treatment. (Cancer control : knowledge into action : WHO guide for effective programmes ; module 4.) 1. Neoplasms – diagnosis. 2. Neoplasms – therapy. 3. Early detection. 4. National health programs. 5. Guidelines. I.World Health Organization. II.Series. ISBN 978 92 4 154740 6 (NLM classification: QZ 241) © World Health Organization 2008 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may...
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...Cardiology Practice and Training Guide LouAnn Hollihan July 4, 2010 American InterContinental University Introduction Cardiologists diagnose and treat diseases and conditions of the heart and cardiovascular system, including the arteries. Cardiologists are not surgeons; doctors that actually perform the surgery are known as cardio-thoracic surgeons and will complete a surgical residency program, where a cardiologist does an internal medicine residency. There are a number of different specialty cardiologists that perform different procedures depending on the amount of training and specialty they have completed (Santiago, 2010). Some of the different cardiologist specialist includes the interventional cardiologist (UAB Health, 2008) that specializes in catheter-based treatment of the structural heart diseases and pediatric cardiologists (UAB Health, 2008). A cardiologist will review medical history and do a physical examination that may include checking your blood pressure, weight, heart, lungs, and blood vessels. Cardiologists usually serve as a consultant to other doctors (American College of Cardiology Foundation, 2010). Some conditions treated by a cardiologist are (American College of Cardiology, 2010): * Echocardiogram: sound wave picture to look at the condition of the heart. * Ambulatory ECG: is a recording during exercise to look for abnormal heart rhythms. * Exercise test: is a study measuring the heart’s performance and limits. * Cardiac Catheterization:...
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...Name Law and Ethics in Medicine, HIT 105 Research Project 40903800 Put in place by the federal government to protect private health care records to patients, HIPAA (The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) began in 1996. Companies that need to implement HIPAA rules and regulations include healthcare providers, health plan organizations, and health care clearinghouses. Although the rules are stringent some exceptions exist to ensure the healthcare industry can both abide by the law and give patients (and/or family members if authorized by the patient) access to their healthcare records. Health care organization employees need to be trained in HIPAA policy and procedures and must strictly adhere to the regulations. The patient gains access to his or her records by written consent. A release of information form is used to protect both the patient and the releasing party. Medical records data is computerized leaving some to fear their privacy is at risk. For this reason some patients do not divulge all of their health conditions. “According to a recent poll, one in six adults (17%) — representing about 38 million persons — say they withhold information from their health providers due to worries about how the medical data might be disclosed” (“Privacy and Health Information Technology,” 2009, p.124). These patients may not receive the best health care because their physicians may be unaware of conditions that affect treatment. There are 13 circumstances for...
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...therefore required to be involved in the strategic planning process. The two processes are rather similar. Strategic planning is the process the organization uses to define its direction and make decisions allocating its resources, whereas, the nursing process is a 5 step method used by nurses to ensure the quality of patient care. These processes require the use of informatics as an instrument to achieve the goals of the organization. Strategic Planning and Nursing Process Strategic planning is used to ensure that both short and long term goals of the organization are in tune with the mission of the organization and to ensure that the goals are achievable. The steps of strategic planning are: identification of goals, assessing external and internal environments, analysis of collected data, identification of potential solutions, choosing next steps, implementation of actions, and ongoing evaluation in the perspective of bench marks (Hebda & Czar, 2013). Informatics is an important part of strategic planning and helps to guide the direction and execute the goals set by the organization. Similar to strategic planning, the nursing process is used to administer patient care in a manner that is goal targeted and methodical. Although the five step process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation are similar to the steps of strategic planning there are some differences. Comparison Both strategic planning and the nursing process are scientific methods that...
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...the type of disorder a person may exhibit. Disorders are analyzed in order to determine which type of therapy is needed for treatment. Extensive research has gone into understanding the different types of therapy and how they are used to benefit society. Therapists have analyzed the human psyche to better understand the human personality and how best to help the individual. The past, present, and future are areas in which these diverse psychological therapies are used to treat individuals. Whether or not treatment is effective, may depend on the individual. The psychodynamic therapy brings unresolved conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the past to the present allowing the patient to deal with such problems more effectively. In addition, therapists are challenged in finding ways to help the patient understand the unconscious (Feldman, 2010, p. 430-431). According to therapy.com (2010), the psychodynamic therapy focuses on a person’s personality while addressing issues of past and present relationships. According to research, this form of therapy focuses on parts of your personality and although it can treat many mental health conditions, it can be helpful for treating depression related to personality aspects or interpersonal relationships, both past and present (Overcome Depression, 2010). How we think and feel has an impact on how we perceive the world around us. The cognitive therapy teaches us how to think in more positive ways. According to Feldman (2010, p. 437)...
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...Hypotension in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: Patient Management Si m u l a t e d C l i n i c al E x p e r ie n c e (S CE ™) Over view Lear ning O b je c tiv e s Location: Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory History/Information: The patient is a 57-year-old woman transferred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for a procedure after presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) this morning with a purple and extremely tender right lower extremity. She is alert and oriented to person, place and time. Her pain rating scale is a 10/10. She told the Emergency Department staff her foot began hurting about a week ago and had been becoming more and more tender and slightly more discolored as each day passed. She thought it would “go away with time.” When she awoke this morning, her toes were purple in color, and she was unable to touch them secondary to the immense pain. Her husband drove her to the hospital immediately. Her weight is 65.0 kg. Other findings include normal heart tones, clear lung sounds, positive bowel sounds and clear yellow urine from a urinary catheter inserted in the emergency department. Her medical history consists of hypertension, partial lumpectomy of the right breast seven years ago, alcohol abuse and hyperlipidemia. She is allergic to angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. She takes metoprolol 25mg twice per day at home for hypertension management. She has been married for 25 years and has two adult children....
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...Vulnerable People in the Workplace Vulnerable People in the Workplace Paper Watson is a Nursing theorist who recognizes nursing as the art of caring and the need to treat each patient holistically (Watson, 2007). Leininger is another Nursing theorist who realized caring is unique and the core of nursing. According to Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory as cited by Maier-Lorentz (2008), on Transcultural Nursing, nurses need to be aware of various cultures and how to use this knowledge in their daily practice (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory addresses the need for cultural competency in health care. Communication with a patient can be affected by a patient’s culture. In addition, nurses need to avoid ethnocentric bias. In an effort to achieve a holistic approach to health care one must have an understanding of cultural factors that may affect proposed health care interventions. Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory can be hardwired with Watson’s Theory of Human Care to help achieve holistic care of the patient (Leininger & McFarland, 2002). In this paper I will discuss the design of a teaching program at my workplace to help raise awareness about vulnerable populations. According to De Chesney and Anderson (2008), issues with vulnerability can apply to population groups or individual people. De Chesney and Anderson (2008) discuss vulnerable populations that are at higher risk for health issues related to socioeconomic status, cultural issues, or environmental...
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...have chosen two SMART goals to research and put into action by the end of week six of class. SMART Goal 1 is the leadership development goal and will standardize the surgical time-out procedure to include all required elements as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and meet the requirements of the Joint Commission Universal Protocol. I chose this goal for myself to ensure that all nurses are consistently including all required information each and every time in the surgical time-out procedure and as a result will increase patient safety regarding wrong site surgery. SMART Goal 2 is the organizational planning goal which is to educate all staff on the required dry time for surgical skin prep liquids used in the operating room. I chose this goal after the sales representatives from Duraprep and Chloraprep gave an in-service and I realized that we were not allowing appropriate surgical skin prep dry time which puts our patients in danger for a surgical fire and increases the chance of post-op wound infection. Goal 1: Leadership Development Through my leadership development goal I will standardize the time-out procedure to include all the required elements as recommended by WHO. I will accomplish this by creating an “All Stop” for time-out video. This video will demonstrate the required elements of a surgical time-out using a scripted time-out sequence and will require all staff in the operating room to participate in the time-out by stopping all...
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...Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia Developed under the auspices of Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, Australian College of Nursing, Australian Nursing Federation Introduction This Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia has been developed for the nursing profession in Australia. It is relevant to all nurses at all levels and areas of practice including those encompassing clinical, management,education and research 1 domains. This Code is framed by the principles and standards set forth in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the World Health Organization’s Constitution and publication series entitled Health and Human Rights; and the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2 2004: Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. In considering this Code and its companion, the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, it should be borne in mind that they are designed for multiple audiences: nurses; nursing students; people requiring or receiving nursing care; the community generally; employers of nurses; nursing regulatory authorities; and consumer protection agencies. It is also noteworthy that the concepts of ‘ethics’ and ‘morality’ are substantially the same and have been used interchangeably throughout this Code. This Code outlines the nursing profession’s commitment to respect, promote, protect...
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... Employees at Baxter are justifiably proud of the lifesaving products they produce, but also take pride in the emphasis that Baxter takes in their ability to balance their careers and family responsibilities. Work/life balance is part of the culture at Baxter. Managers and employees share responsibility in managing the daily demands of a career and family and are provided with a guidebook that encourages discussion and problem-solving strategies for work/life conflicts. They recognize that alternate work arrangements can be a way to meet employees’ needs for balance and flexibility, and that the employee should examine his/her own personal characteristics when considering a change in schedule. The company Web site includes a guide for determining if alternative work arrangements would be a good fit for the employee’s personality and career. Options like part-time work, job-sharing, compressed work week, and telecommuting are analyzed. If the employee feels that an alternative work arrangement is appropriate, Baxter provides an online proposal kit for the employee to request a more flexible schedule. Baxter has acquired several companies from other countries in recent years and is in the process of spreading family-friendly benefits such as alternative work arrangements, dependent care, counseling resources, adoption assistance, back-up/emergency child care, and lactation rooms to their non-United States subsidiaries. The commitment to balance seems to permeate...
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...Good Evening every one, The topic I am about to discuss this evening its regarding to the use of ICT and how impact on Health and Social Care Field. How do we support work in Health and Social Care by accessing and using ICT software package? Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the sources that send or receive massages/information such as: -television -cellular phones - computer and network hardware -software - satellite systems and services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning. ICT’s are often spoke of in a particular context, such as ICTs in -education -health care - or libraries There are a numbers of ICT softwares but only the standards one applies on HSC such as: -Word-Processing -Database -Spread sheets -Information Retrieval (IR) -Internet -Intranet - Email -Image software Standard Office Software Microsoft Office includes: -Microsoft Word : files/reports/documents - Microsoft Excel : Spread sheets /Database – Analyse health and social care data, calculations, create health and social care timetable for scheduling, service users information - OneNote : is a freeware note taking program. It gathers notes (handwritten or typed), drawings, screen clippings and audio commentaries. Notes can be shared with other OneNote users over the Internet or a network. - PowerPoint : create slideshows, composed of text, graphics and other objects, which can...
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...many different cultures. Having a sound understanding of own culture will guide you to learn about different cultural perceptions on health and illness. Cultural differences affect an individual’s attitudes about health care and ability to understand, manage and deal with illness, diagnosis and treatment. Cultural competence in health care system is to provide care to individual, families and community with diverse values, beliefs and behavior to provide quality care to every individual, not by looking of an individual’s race, ethnicity, cultural background or language. Failure to understand sociocultural factors may cause health issues in different cultural group. Health care personnel should have a sound understanding about a patient values, behaviors and perceptions about health and wellbeing to provide quality care to patients. (INGRAM, 2012) Cultural heritage assessment involves social, economic and health promotion of an individual. The heritage assessment tool help the health care professional to understand the patient’s ethnic, religious and cultural background related to health, illness and diseases. Every culture has its own heritage tool, differs from another culture. A nurse has to asses and evaluate the patient’s physical, mental and spiritual beliefs and behaviors to provide health maintenance, health protection and health restoration. It important to use effective communication with patient to...
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...(Association of Operating Room Nurses, 2002). Variation of the area where the surgical procedure is to be performed may occur, but the recommended procedures for this preoperative skin preparation remains the same. The AORN has recommended seven practices that should be followed for skin preparation prior to surgery. Recommended Practices for Skin Preparation of Patients (Association of Operating Room Nurses, 2002). I. The surgical site should be assessed before skin preparation. II. Whenever possible, hair should be left at the surgical site. I it is determined that hair should be removed; removal should be performed according to policies and procedures in the practice setting. III. The surgical site and surrounding areas should be clean. IV. When indicated, the surgical site and surrounding area should be prepared with an antiseptic agent. V. Personnel who are knowledgeable about the patient and skilled in skin preparation techniques should prepare the surgical site in a manner that preserves skin integrity and prevents injury to the skin. VI. Patient skin preparation should be documented in the patient record according to AORN’s “Recommended...
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...ntroduction * Dr Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences. * She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills ("knowing how") without ever learning the theory ("knowing that"). * She further explains that the development of knowledge in applied disciplines such as medicine and nursing is composed of the extension of practical knowledge (know how) through research and the characterization and understanding of the "know how" of clinical experience. * She coneptualizes in her writing about nursing skills as experience is a prerequisite for becoming an expert. ABOUT THE THEORIST * Patricia E. Benner, R.N., Ph.D., FAAN is a Professor Emerita at the University of California, San Francisco. * BA in Nursing - Pasadena College/Point Loma College * MS in Med/Surg nursing from UCSF * PhD -1982 from UC Berkeley * 1970s - Research at UCSF and UC Berkeley * Has taught and done research at UCSF since 1979 * Published 9 books and numerous articles * Published ‘Novice to Expert Theory’ in 1982 * Received Book of the Year from AJN in 1984,1990,1996, 2000 * Her web address is at: http://www.PatriciaBenner.com * Her profile can be obtained at http://nurseweb.ucsf.edu/www/ix-fd.shtml LEVELS OF NURSING EXPERIENCE She described 5 levels of nursing experience as; 1. Novice 2...
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...Introduction • Dr Patricia Benner introduced the concept that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences. • She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills ("knowing how") without ever learning the theory ("knowing that"). • She further explains that the development of knowledge in applied disciplines such as medicine and nursing is composed of the extension of practical knowledge (know how) through research and the characterization and understanding of the "know how" of clinical experience. • She conceptualizes in her writing about nursing skills as experience is a prerequisite for becoming an expert. ABOUT THE THEORIST • Patricia E. Benner, R.N., Ph.D., FAAN is a Professor Emerita at the University of California, San Francisco. • BA in Nursing - Pasadena College/Point Loma College • MS in Med/Surg nursing from UCSF • PhD -1982 from UC Berkeley • 1970s - Research at UCSF and UC Berkeley • Has taught and done research at UCSF since 1979 • Published 9 books and numerous articles • Published ‘Novice to Expert Theory’ in 1982 • Received Book of the Year from AJN in 1984,1990,1996, 2000 • Her web address is at: http://www.PatriciaBenner.com • Her profile can be obtained at http://nurseweb.ucsf.edu/www/ix-fd.shtml LEVELS OF NURSING EXPERIENCE She described 5 levels of nursing experience as; 1. Novice 2. Advanced beginner 3. Competent 4. Proficient...
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