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Patriarchy In The Odyssey

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Although Calypso portrays herself as being similar to Demeter, Penelope correlates more to Demeter in how they both go through a grieving process when they lose their loved ones. Penelope is akin to Demeter as they both hold a semblance of power over certain individuals, however, both are still restrained by the patriarchal ideals of their society. In The Odyssey, Calypso expresses her outrage when Zeus sends Hermes to her island to relay his order to let Odysseus return home to Ithaca. Unable to go against Zeus’s commands, Calypso shows her futile defiance by declaring Zeus’s unfairness and her likeness to Demeter. Calypso exclaims:
Despite knowing that she cannot resist against higher gods like Zeus, Calypso tries to form a semblance of …show more content…
Penelope is under the authority of her son Telemachus as he is the one who holds the power in their household. It is recognized when Telemachus orders his mother to return to her room and continue weaving while he gives the orders in the house as he “holds the reins of power in this house”. (Od. 1.14) Penelope must also follow the orders of her father Icarius as he holds the power to wed her to a worthy suitor. Another example that demonstrates the control of the patriarchal society over Penelope is when the suitors found out her scheme to stall them and they force her to finish the shroud immediately, ending her plan of further stalling her suitors from marrying her. Furthermore, Penelope is influenced by the divine patriarchy of the gods because Poseidon and Zeus bar Odysseus from returning home and as a result, prolong their separation and deepen the misery that she is feeling. Despite having a temporary hold of power over the suitors, Penelope is still under the mercy of the men around her while she takes on the role of the wife and possible marriage candidate. Unlike Demeter and Penelope, Calypso is not considerably affected or restrained by patriarchal society. The reason is because of her isolation from everybody. She stays in her island and is not known to leave her domain. In her island, she is the one who rules and the only time she is told to follow is when Zeus orders her to release Odysseus. The gods usually do not bother her so she remains segregated from the affairs of the gods and their patriarchal

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