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Patrick H. O Neil: Different Types Of Political Violence

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Patrick H. O’Neil describes political violence as “politically motivated violence outside of state control.” Political violence is one of the prevalent forms of violence throughout the world today. In many cases, it is used to exhibit some type of political stance or supposed to oppose another political stance. There are different types of political violence and each type has its own purpose and outcome. There are many explanations that are given as to why political violence has been used over the years. One explanation is because of the institutions or organizations and the impact that they have on the country and/or region that the political violence occurs. There are many different types of institutions including political, economic, and social institutions. These institutions can also have a lot of impact on how political violence unfolds. The institutions can either create or abolish …show more content…
The two more important factors are the targets, which are split into states versus civilians, and the actors, which are state and non-state. When the actor and the target are both state, it is classified as a war. When the actor is non-state and when the state is the target, it is called guerrilla warfare. When the state is the actor and the civilians are the target, it is, domestically, a human rights violation and, internationally, war crimes. Finally, when the actor is non-state and the civilians are the target, it is called terrorism. Also, if the civilians are the target and both the state and a non-state player are actors, it is known as state-sponsored terrorism (O’NEIL, 224). This table helps to better understand the different players in violence and who the victims are. Overall, it looks at the importance of the different actors and explanations for the different types of political violence that are most common throughout the

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