...Topics include: audit and other reports, statistical sampling in auditing, attestation standards, reporting on future-oriented information, accountant's legal liability, Securities & Exchange Commission practice, professional ethics and using technology in auditing. Catalog Description Prerequisites: Sophomore standing; minimum grade of "C-" in ACCT 311. Topics include: audit and other reports, statistical sampling in auditing, attestation standards, reporting on future-oriented information, accountant's legal liability, Securities & Exchange Commission practice, professional ethics and using technology in auditing. Course Overview Students will become familiar with issues under the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, pronouncements of the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board, the Sarbanes Oxley Act, federal securities laws, and cases relating to CPA malpractice. Students will have a thorough professional knowledge of CPA reports on financial statements and special reports. Students will also learn how to apply statistical sampling and technology in auditing. Course Overview Students will become familiar with issues under the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, pronouncements of the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board, the Sarbanes Oxley Act, federal securities laws, and cases relating to CPA malpractice. Students will have a thorough professional knowledge of CPA reports on financial statements and special reports. Students will also learn...
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...the firm. To meet these objectives, this case illuminates the role of the professional standards group (PSG) at Arthur Andersen and the dialogue that occurred for several technical issues between Andersen’s PSG and the lead partner on the Enron engagement, David Duncan. We believe it is essential for students to carefully read over the recommended technical knowledge, along with this case reading. The educational psychology literature suggests that the acquisition of technical/factual type knowledge increases dramatically when such knowledge can be applied in a realistic context. Thus, we urge instructors to use this case as a mechanism to impart the relevant post-Sarbanes technical audit knowledge, outlined above. This case assignment will work best if...
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...This assignment is worth a total of 30 points allocated as indicated. Please complete your answers in a Word document and submit it using the Assignment 2 dropbox. This course is geared toward research and communication. That means you will be researching the appropriate standards and communicating your answers. Support answers with facts and/or examples. Your answers should be original – do not just copy or paraphrase the lecture notes, books, articles, or your classmates. All composition-type responses will be evaluated based on responsiveness to requirements, coherent organization, conciseness, clarity, grammar, and quality of presentation. For researching your answers, keep in mind that different rules may apply for nonpublic and public companies. SOX, SEC, and PCAOB rules apply to public companies. Links on the readings page may help you answer some of the questions. Use the new online AICPA Code of Professional Conduct that is linked on the readings page. There are 3 parts to this assignment. 1. (12 pts) Case 1.1 Enron Corporation (the high profile disaster that changed the face of auditing!) Watch the video Bigger Than Enron. Use this address to access the site outside of WTClass: http://vimeo.com/61053538 Read ENRON Ten Years Later: Lessons to Remember, CPA Journal http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/94edbcee#/94edbcee/18 a. After reading the case, watching the video, and reading the CPA Journal article, what do you believe...
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...Advanced Auditing Shams Kamal Assignment 1 Professor Whisenant MEMORANDUM September 14, 2011 TO: Johnny Whisenant FROM: Shams Kamal SUBJECT: Summary of John C. Coates article, “The goals and the promises of Sarbanes-Oxley Act”. On July 25, 2002 the date when stock market indices were making a new history against over publicized corporate scandals, bankruptcy and accounting misstatements, the new legislation “The Public Committee Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002” widely known as Sarbanes Oxley Act was passed by the congress in response to investment company abuses. On the article, “The goals and the promises of Sarbanes-Oxley Act”; John C. Coates, professor of Harvard law & economics school analyzed the pre and post Sarbanes Oxley era and the pros and cons of the SOX legislation. In addition, he recommended that by reconstituting governance and accountability of PCAOB, implication of Sarbanes Oxley can be more effective to safeguard net long term socioeconomic market gain. While discussing about the enforcement in pre Sarbanes Oxley era, Coates pointed out the previous laws and regulations lacked effective implementation of corporate governance. With the threat of systematic corporate misstatements, frauds and rise in significant class action suits, in the pre SOX era investors’ confidence were dramatically declining. As in such scenarios in last decade, Coats...
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...Week three assignment one: Next Card, Inc. James Erkhart Professor: Ashley Harper Contemporary Auditing April 28, 2013 This research will show that they are still individuals will try to make a name for themselves. They are ways for individuals to try be dishonest and thinking they are getting away with the unethical situations, but with the strict rules and regulations in place they will get caught fast. Given PCAOB oversight of accounting firms and the AICPA code of conduct, discuss whether or not you believe that public accounting firms can successfully manipulate audit work papers and records of clients engaged in fraudulent activity. The PCAOB and AICPA has done a good job on the code of conduct but it doesn’t completely stop all fraudulent activity. I believe in my opinion you are still going to have fraudulent activity going on as long this world has business transaction taking place. I do agree that public accounting firm can successfully manipulate audit work papers and records if a client is doing fraudulent activity. The question always remain when will the fraudulent activity stop. The answer is never because as long we have businesses someone go to the dark side and do dishonest...
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...Audit and Assurance Services Chapter 1 1 Learning Objectives 1. What is auditing? Distinguish between auditing and accounting. Importance of auditing in reducing information risk. 2. Distinguish audit services from other assurance and non-assurance services provided by CPAs. 3. Three main types of audits. 4. How to become a CPA? Identify the primary types of auditors. 2 What is auditing? Evaluating 3 Nature of Auditing Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. Auditing should be done by a competent, independent person. 4 Audit Reporting -- (Expressing Opinions) The final stage in the auditing process is preparing the Audit Report, which is the communication of the auditor’s findings to users. 5 Information and Established Criteria To do an audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some standards (criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. 6 Accumulating Evidence and Evaluating Evidence Evidence is any information used by the auditor to determine whether the information being audited is stated in accordance with the established criteria. Transaction data Client inquiry Written and electronic Communications with outsiders Observations 7 Competent, Independent Person The auditor must be qualified...
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...Week 8 – Assignment Case Study – 9.1 – Wally’s Billboard & Sign Supply 1. The audit of cash is considered an important part of an audit due to the below reasons: * Almost all business transactions will be ultimately settled through the cash accounts * Cash can be either and asset or a liability * The audit of cash accounts assists in the verification of other asset and liability accounts as well as revenue and expenses * Cash is the highly liquid asset in a company and it is an area of high inherent risk since there is a relatively high risk of misappropriation. * Investors rely on the accuracy of cash in evaluating the company’s financial well being The audit steps for cash are a routine part of an audit, therefore this part is usually assigned to new staff members or interns. However, professional skepticism should be present when reviewing cash or any other part of an audit, whether routine or not. (Hinton, Lecture Notes) 2. It is very important when an auditor develops an audit program to include thorough procedures for auditing cash balances, as it has a direct effect on an organization's profits. The auditor must perform audit procedures of the internal controls of the company to detect any shortcomings. In addition, the auditor will perform substantive tests of details, tests to detect lapping, and analytical procedures in order to verify that there is no material misstatement and to provide evidence to support the assertion...
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...CHAPTER 1 AUDITING AND THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROFESSION – INTEGRITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING |LEARNING CHECK | 1. SEVERAL COMMON ATTRIBUTES OF ACTIVITIES DEFINED AS AUDITING ARE (A) SYSTEMATIC PROCESS, (B) OBJECTIVELY OBTAINING AND EVALUATING EVIDENCE, (C) ASSERTIONS ABOUT ECONOMIC ACTIONS AND EVENTS, (D) DEGREE OF CORRESPONDENCE, (E) ESTABLISHED CRITERIA, (F) COMMUNICATING THE RESULTS, AND (G) INTERESTED USERS. 2. A financial statement audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about an entity's financial statements for the purpose of expressing an opinion on whether the statements are presented fairly in conformity with established criteria--usually GAAP. Thus, the nature of the auditor's report is an opinion on the fairness of the financial statement presentation. A compliance audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether certain financial or operating activities of an entity conform to specified conditions, rules, or regulations. A report on a compliance audit takes the form of a summary of findings or assurance regarding degree of compliance. An operational audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about the efficiency and effectiveness of an entity's operating activities in relation to specified objectives. Reports on such audits include an assessment of efficiency and effectiveness and recommendations for improvements. 3. Independent auditors are individual practitioners or members of public...
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...case introduces students to the strengths and weaknesses of GAAP and non-GAAP earnings measures, and why the Street might be more interested in cash and recurring earnings in attempting to predict movements in stock price. It also provides the instructor with an opportunity to discuss the dangers of allowing firms to emphasize earnings in their press releases that are not defined by an external authoritative body (such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board [FASB]), and how this can hurt the consistency and reliability of reporting. This is an important discussion, since regulators have recently formally proposed to include non-GAAP measures in their overhaul of the auditor reporting model (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board [PCAOB] 2011). The case also familiarizes students with current auditing guidelines dealing with the going concern decision and the potential role that non-GAAP earnings can play in this decision. Thus, the three primary learning objectives are to teach students: (1) to apply going concern audit standards, (2) about the potential role of non-GAAP earnings in this decision—especially as a predictor of future cash flows, and (3) other issues associated with non-GAAP earnings. This topic is important, as auditors are frequently auditing companies that release non-GAAP earnings and/or...
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...Chapter 2 The CPA Profession Review Questions The four major services that CPAs provide are: 1. Audit and assurance services Assurance services are independent professional services that improve the quality of information for decision makers. Assurance services include attestation services, which are any services in which the CPA firm issues a report that expresses a conclusion about the reliability of an assertion that is the responsibility of another party. The four categories of attestation services are audits of historical financial statements, attestation on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, reviews of historical financial statements, and other attestation services. Accounting and bookkeeping services Accounting services involve preparing the client's financial statements from the client's records. Bookkeeping services include the preparation of the client's journals and ledgers as well as financial statements. Tax services Tax services include preparation of corporate, individual, and estate returns as well as tax planning assistance. Management consulting services These services range from suggestions to improve the client's accounting system to computer installations. 2-1 2. 3. 4. 2-2 The major characteristics of CPA firms that permit them to fulfill their social function competently and independently are: 1. Organizational form A CPA firm exists as a separate entity to avoid an employer-employee relationship with its clients...
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...CASE 1.6 NEXTCARD, INC. Jeremy Lent, a chief financial officer (CFO) with Providian Financial Corporation decided to apply the marketing tactics used by Providian to establish an internet based company to offer Internet users a faster way to obtain credit cards. Lent hired dozens of marketing researchers to analyze the “surfing habits of Internet users. With this information the marketing team developed an Internet-based advertising campaign to target internet users that frequently used their credit cards and maintained large balances due to purchases made over the internet. NextCard advertised to new customers if they applied on line a response would be received within 30 seconds. Lents business model was a success and by 2000 and had more daily hits than any other credit card issuer. Other well established credit card affiliates referred potential clients to NextCard. NextCard had extended more than $1 billion of credit to internet customers but unfortunately profits were not immediate which the executives ignored to disclose in any press releases. A NextCard executive boasted in February of 2000 that the “company continues to beat our aggressive growth targets while maintaining very strong parameters and core elements of our business model” (Knapp, p 6). In 1999 the company produced a large loss of about $77.2 million. NextCard was able to take the company public with stock price initialing selling for $20 per share regardless of large losses for each reporting...
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...Chapter 2 The CPA Profession ← Review Questions 2-1 The four major services that CPAs provide are: 1. Audit and assurance services Assurance services are independent professional services that improve the quality of information for decision makers. Assurance services include attestation services, which are any services in which the CPA firm issues a report that expresses a conclusion about the reliability of an assertion that is the responsibility of another party. The four categories of attestation services are audits of historical financial statements, attestation on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, reviews of historical financial statements, and other attestation services. 2. Accounting and bookkeeping services Accounting services involve preparing the client's financial statements from the client's records. Bookkeeping services include the preparation of the client's journals and ledgers as well as financial statements. 3. Tax services Tax services include preparation of corporate, individual, and estate returns as well as tax planning assistance. 4. Management consulting services These services range from suggestions to improve the client's accounting system to computer installations. 2-2 The major characteristics of CPA firms that permit them to fulfill their social function competently and independently are: 1. Organizational form A CPA firm exists as a separate entity to avoid...
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...NEED TO ADD THE TITTLE • Research Paper Topic: • What are Auditors’ Responsibility Today to Detect Fraud; include how do these responsibilities fit into the professional practices of: external auditors, Certified Public Accountants in public practice and Internal Auditors and what has changed in these areas in recent years? For standards or articles use the following items as they relate to your paper to help organize your paper. Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS), especially all those statements relating to fraud, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), Sarbanes-Oxley Act , etc. (SOX, Sarbox); International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards), European Confederation of Institutes of Internal Auditing (ECIIA), Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) , Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)and its standards, and professional articles or books as primary sources. • • • • PLEASE HELP ME OUT EDITING THIS PAPER, SENTENCE STRUCTURE, ADD SENTENCES IF NEEDED I’M LOOKING FORWARD TO AN A PAPER AFTER THIS PROOF READING Thank you in advance please help • Auditors’ Responsibility to detect Fraud today Public companies are required by the SEC to prepare and issue financial statements that made a fair presentation of the companies’ performance. The SEC also stipulates that the companies whose shares...
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...1666 K Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20006 Telephone: (202) 207-9100 Facsimile: (202) 862-8430 www.pcaobus.org ) CONCEPT RELEASE ON AUDITOR ) INDEPENDENCE AND AUDIT FIRM ) ROTATION; ) ) NOTICE OF ROUNDTABLE ) ) PCAOB Release No. 2011-006 August 16, 2011 PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 37 Summary: The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB" or "Board") is issuing a concept release to solicit public comment on ways that auditor independence, objectivity and professional skepticism could be enhanced. One possible approach on which the Board is seeking comment is mandatory audit firm rotation, which is explored in detail in this release. However, the Board seeks advice and comment on other approaches as well. The Board will also convene a public roundtable meeting in March 2012, at which interested persons will present their views. Additional details about the roundtable will be announced at a later date. Public Comment: Interested persons may submit written comments to the Board. Such comments should be sent to the Office of the Secretary, PCAOB, 1666 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-2803. Comments also may be submitted by e-mail to comments@pcaobus.org or through the Board's Web site at www.pcaobus.org. All comments should refer to PCAOB Rulemaking Docket Matter No. 37 in the subject or reference line. Comments should be received by the Board no later than 5:00 PM EST on December 14, 2011. Board Contacts: Martin F. Baumann, Chief Auditor and...
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...students at two universities indicate that the case is effective at helping undergraduate auditing students understand (1) auditors’ use of analytical procedures during the planning stage of the audit, and (2) the types of accounting issues and operating problems that might be identified using analytical procedures. Keywords: analytical procedures, audit planning. INTRODUCTION Professional audit standards require auditors to perform analytical procedures during the planning and final review stages of each financial statement audit (AICPA 2012, AU 329; PCAOB 2012, AS 12). This instructional case focuses on analytical procedures performed during audit planning. The purpose of performing analytical procedures early in the audit is to enhance the auditor’s understanding of the client’s business and identify accounting issues, operating problems, or unusual transactions that warrant investigation. Field research suggests that analytical procedures often are performed by lower-level staff auditors and consist of simple procedures such as year-to-year account balance comparisons and ratio analysis (Hirst and Koonce 1996; Trompeter and Wright 2010). Paul M. Clikeman is an Associate Professor...
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