PDC Dull Grading
System
Inner 1 Outer 2 Dull Char 3 Location 4 Bearing Seals 5 Gauge 6 Other Dull Char 7 Reason Pulled 8
1: Inner Cutting Structure 2: Outer Cutting Structure 3: Primary Dull Characteristic 4: Location of Primary Characteristic 5: Bearing Seals (XXX for PDC. Only used for roller cone) 6: Amount Under Gauge 7: Other / Secondary Dull Characteristic 8: Reason Bit Was Pulled
Inner & Outer Cutting Structure
• • Rating for both inner and outer cutting structure is given in a scale of 1 to 8. A rating of 1 states that 1/8 of the cutter’s diamond table has been worn. A rating of 8 would mean that there is no effective diamond table left. An average rating for both the inner and outer cutting structure is entered for the first 2 positions of the dull grading code.
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Inner & Outer Cutting Structure
Outer Inner
The inner cutting structure consists of the inner 2/3 of the bit diameter whereas the outer consists of the final 1/3. A general rule of thumb is the inner number represents the cutters inside the nose and the outer represents those outside.
Inner & Outer Cutting Structure
Rating: Wear
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 When dull grading pure wear, the 1 through 8 rating system can be followed exactly. However, in many cases, a wear flat less than 1/8 of the diamond table can be called a 1.
Inner & Outer Cutting Structure
Chipping
Spalling
Delam
2
3
8
When dull grading cutters with characteristics other than pure wear, take into consideration the amount of effective diamond table that is left. In many cases, cutters with a chipping condition can be graded the same as those with pure wear. As can be seen, spalling can be quite difficult to rate; while there is diamond missing almost halfway across the example above, there is still effective diamond remaining. A complete delam is always rated an 8.
Dull Characteristics
• When determining what dull characteristic to enter, find the most common dull type on the bit. In other words, what characteristic is the most likely cause of a decrease in performance? There will often be many characteristics present on a dull bit. Determining which was the primary cause of failure is key. If the bit is “green” and no dull condition exists, enter NO into the field.
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Dull Characteristics
• • • • • • • • BC – Broken Cutter* BT – Broken Teeth* BU – Balled up CR – Cored CT – Chipped Teeth / Cutters DEL – Delaminated Cutter ER – Erosion HC – Heat Checking • • • • • • • JD – Junk Damage LT – Lost Teeth / Cutters PN – Plugged Nozzle RO – Ring Out SP – Spalled Cutter WO – Wash Out WT – Worn Teeth
* BC / BT
Erosion
Cored
Dull Location
Gage Shoulder Cone Nose
When the primary dull characteristic has been determined, enter the main location of this characteristic. For example, if WT is the primary dull condition and it occurred mostly on the shoulder of the bit, enter S into the field.
Gauge
• The gauge section of the dull grading system is represented by either IN or an integer beginning at 1. • IN means that the bit is still at full gauge. • A value of 1 equals 1/16” under gage. • A value of 2 equals 1/8”, 3 = 3/16”, Etc.
Gauge
When gauging a PDC bit, place the gauge ring around the bit and fit it to one side. Measure the gap that is left over, divide by two, and round to the nearest 1/16”. For example: If there is a 4/16” gap, then the bit is 2/16” or 1/8” under gauge. A value of 2 would then be entered into the gauge field.
Other Dull Characteristic
• In cases where there are multiple dull characteristics present on a bit, the “other” field can be used. • After the primary dull characteristic has been determined, find the secondary condition and enter its code in the field. • If there is no other dull condition, enter NO into the field.
Reason Pulled
• Whenever a bit is pulled, there must be a reason. Whether it is due to penetration rate, motor failure, or total depth being reached, this is a very important field. • Often times a bit is pulled due to something other than failure of the cutting structure. Also, failures within the BHA can lead to severe bit damage. Immediately knowing why the bit was pulled will aid in determining the overall performance.
Reason Pulled
• • • • • • • • • BHA – Change the bottom hole assembly DMF – Down hole motor failure DTF – Down hole tool failure DSF – Drill string failure DST – Drill stem test DP – Drill Plug CM – Condition Mud CP – Core Point FM – Formation change • • • • • • • • • • HP – Hole problems LIH – Left In Hole LOG – Run logs PP – Pump Pressure PR – Penetration Rate RIG – Rig repair TD – Total / casing Depth TW – Twist Off TQ – Torque WC – Weather Conditions
Examples
0 1 WT S XXX IN NO TD
Examples
1 3 WT S XXX IN CT TD
Examples
1 4 CT S XXX 1 WT PR
Examples
3 6 BC N XXX IN SP PR
Examples
2 6 RO S XXX IN BC DMF
2 8 RO N XXX IN WT FM 