...recognition of humanity should be the central focus of human existence. • Within a historical context both humanization and dehumanization are possible realities. • The very attempt to deny our humanity, through the process of dehumanization, reaffirms our humanity. • Humanization is characterized in terms of: o Yearning for freedom and justice o Struggle to recover humanity o Emancipation of labor o Overcoming of alienation o Affirmation of the individual • Dehumanization is characterized in terms of: o Injustice o Exploitation o Oppression o Violence o Those robbed of their humanity o Those who have robbed others of their humanity • Struggle: is defined in terms of one’s attempt to overcome one’s oppression. o Limitation of Struggle: 1 Cannot seek to oppress the oppressor as a consequence of one’s attempt at liberation. 1 • Task of the Oppressed: o Liberate themselves o Liberate the oppressor • Liberation: o Both the oppressed and the oppressor require liberation 1 The assumption that only the oppressed require liberation is incorrect. 2 o Only arises from the those oppressed 3 o Cannot be attained by chance or circumstance 4 o Can only be attained through a fight for liberation. 5 The fight is actually an act of love. 6 • False Generosity: only meaningful insofar as injustice is still perpetrated. AKA “lovelessness”. 7 o False Charity: seek...
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...In the ocean exists an ancient god Cthulhu, sleeping in his stone house in R’yleh under the sea. He sleeps and telepathically invades our dreams, turning them into nightmares. There is a cult that follows the ancient god, and they relate the details of this ancient being and his intentions: The HP Lovecraft Wiki 2014 [“Cthulhu,” at http://lovecraft.wikia.com/wiki/Cthulhu] The most detailed descriptions of Cthulhu in "The Tale of Cthulhu" are based on statues of the creature. One, constructed by an artist after a series of baleful dreams, is said to have "yielded simultaneous pictures of an octopus, a dragon, and a human caricature [...] A pulpy, tentacled head surmounted a grotesque and scaly body with rudimentary wings."[6] Another, recovered by police from a raid on a murderous cult, "represented a monster of vaguely anthropoid outline, but with an octopus-like head whose face was a mass of feelers, a scaly, rubbery-looking body, prodigious claws on hind and fore feet, and long, narrow wings behind."[7] When the creature finally appears, the story says that the "thing cannot be described," but it is called "the green, sticky spawn of the stars", with "flabby claws" and an "awful squid-head with writhing feelers." Johansen's phrase "a mountain walked or stumbled" gives a sense of the creature's scale[8] (this is corroborated by Wilcox's dreams, which "touched wildly on a gigantic thing 'miles high' which walked or lumbered about"). Cthulhu is depicted as having a worldwide...
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...In the article, A Pedagogy of Possibility by Peter McLaren explains critical pedagogy as “a way of thinking about and negotiating through praxis the relationship among classroom teaching, the production of knowledge, the larger institutional structures of the school, and the social and material relations of the wider community, society, and nation-state” (p. 22). He further goes on states that critical pedagogy is an approach adopted by progressive teachers who are attempting to eliminate inequalities on the basis of social class and that it has also sparked a wide array of anti-sexist, anti-racist, and anti-homophobic classroom-based curricula and policy initiatives. The progressive teacher is one who rejects the “banking” concept of education in which, “Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor” (Freire 1970, p.53). Freire used the concept “banking education” to explain the framework for curriculum delivery that he believed existed in schools. In banking education, the teacher is the subject while the students are patient listening objects (p.52). In addition, students are mainly asked to memorize and regurgitate often meaningless facts, which hinders their ability to solve problems and think critically. and observe problems that exist in the world. With these ideas in mind, I’ve reflected on my personal educational experience in Korea and realized that I was trained under the “banking” education...
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...learning and teaching up to February 2015. It starts with observational and discourse studies undertaken in the north of England during the 1980s and early 1990s. Then follows the Culture and Pedagogy international study out of which Alexander’s approach to dialogic teaching developed. Towards Dialogic Teaching presents this approach in detail, and Essays on Pedagogy extends the dialogic principle into wider aspects of education, reasserting the importance of an international perspective. Next come evaluation reports from two of the UK local authorities with whose teachers Robin Alexander has worked. The bibliography also includes relevant articles and book chapters. It ends with the 2010 final report of the Cambridge Primary Review, which gives dialogue prominence not only in pedagogy but also among education’s guiding principles; the 2012 DfE paper that persuaded the UK government to take spoken language more seriously in its framework for the 2014 revised...
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...Volume 6 Number 2 (2012): 73-84 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ Editorial Essay The Importance of Philosophy for Education in a Democratic Society Dale T. Snauwaert The University of Toledo Dale.snauwaert@utoledo.edu This essay explores the importance of philosophy for the study and practice of education in a democratic society. It will be argued that at its core education is a normative enterprise, in that it is driven by fundamental social values as well as the imperatives of social justice. These values and imperatives powerfully shape every dimension of educational theory, policy, and practice. From this perspective, education requires a normative frame of reference. Democracy, understood as not only a political system but more fundamentally as a way of life grounded in specific values and principles, provides a powerful point of reference. At the heart of democracy is the value of liberty, understood as self-determination. Self-determination requires that there should be careful reflection upon and rational deliberation concerning social values and, in turn, the imperatives of justice that inform the purposes and practices of education. It will be argued that philosophy constitutes a mode of inquiry and a discipline that enriches the capacity for reflection and rational deliberation, and hence it is essential for both democracy and the study and practice of education in a democratic society. Education as a Normative Enterprise There are a number...
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...Richard Kearney Paulo Freire's "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" Author(s): Mark Patrick Hederman Reviewed work(s): Source: The Crane Bag, Vol. 6, No. 2, Latin-American Issue (1982), pp. 58-63 Published by: Richard Kearney Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30023905 . Accessed: 11/03/2012 14:51 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Richard Kearney is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Crane Bag. http://www.jstor.org Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed Mark Patrick Hederman Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed is a study of education in the Third World, particularly Latin-America. However, its findings can be of interest in any educational situation. As Richard Shaull says in his preface to Freire's book:' There is no such thing as a neutral educational process. Education either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate the integration of the younger generation into the logic of the present system and bring about conformity to it,...
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...Educationese Instructions: Utilize the “Educationese” presentation to complete the following chart. Identification of picture with pedagogical term | Definition of Pedagogical term | Purpose in the Educational Process | Picture A: Content standards | Content standard is an articulate description of content for specific grade levels to be able to do or know, which are specified in the picture with grade 4-6. | Content standards are used in education to make sure the students learn the basics in each course, as well as to make sure the content is adequate for the grade level that is learning the information. | Picture B: Cooperative Learning | Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy where small groups work or study together with a difference in levels of abilities. In this picture it shows a small group working together without confrontation. | In the educational process it helps for the students to be able to work together because they may be able to understand and work with each other. The difference in their ability levels can bring the group together to help those who may not understand the teacher, but may understand the way another student explains the material. | Picture C: Inquiry Instruction | Inquiry instruction is a technique that teachers use by creating a situation where students use their problem solving skills, like the puzzle the child is working. | Inquiry instruction works well in the educational process for those who are active, hands on learners...
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...Student: awesome guy Teacher: another awesome guy EN 106/First Year Writing seminar II: Academic Research and Writing An Obstacle in Education as a Practice of Freedom An education that is free of any oppressive qualities, is an education that will foster personal inquiry, group argumentation, and ultimately, social revolution. This would be the ideal model of education for all educational institutions; however, there is a threat looming within our classrooms and it is affecting the way students and teachers approach educational enlightenment. Paulo Freire’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” argues about how our current educational system is denying teachers and students the opportunity to develop a dialogue, thus allowing their critical ability to develop. He dubbed this concept “The Banking Concept of Education”: Education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor. Instead of communicating, the teacher issues communiques and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat. This is the "banking" concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to the students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits (para. 5). The banking concept of education is affecting current educational systems by guiding both educational patrons and their students in a direction of oppression and conformity. This is being done by taking away any potential interactions between...
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...engages with a wide variety of problems and approaches to “education as the practice of freedom.” Her essays exposed the degree to which our traditional system of education reproduces and sustains structural inequalities. Equally important, these essays offered new ways of thinking about pedagogy, and new strategies for creating a liberatory classroom. The only major downfall I saw in this volume is that the essays often repeated themselves. hooks acknowledges as much in her introduction, saying that since she wrote each essay separately, a certain degree of overlap exists in the collection. I would perhaps recommend that readers space out the essays rather than attempting to digest them all at once; this will allow readers to digest her thoughts before moving on, and will help them avoid becoming frustrated by these overlaps. hooks states that she intends these essays to be “celebratory” (10), and indeed I found that the experience of reading them was often a joyful one. The degree to which she loves teaching and connects with her students is incredibly inspiring. Teaching to Transgress has earned a permanent place on my bookshelf; I anticipate that I will turn to it often as I begin to teach students and create my own pedagogical style. Intro: Teaching to Transgress bell hooks ushers the reader into her collection of essays with a description of the various pedagogies that informed her own education. First, she presents us with the exciting, enlivened learning...
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...Bunker and Thorpe believe that through exposing learners to gamelike experiences especially during the teaching-learning process it helps them to gain the ability to make tactical decision, which falls under the TGfU-GS approach (Kidman, Thorpe, Jones & Lewis, 2001). “GS is best understood by the equation Technique + Context = Skill” (Magias & Pill, 2013). TGfU-GS focuses on encouraging learner to participate in modified game situations, where the focus understanding the game rather than perfecting the technique (Magias & Pill, 2013). By using this theory as pedagogy of practice learners are able to develop a variety of movement solutions to solve problems within a game (Magias & Pill, 2013). One way physical educators/coaches can implement this, is by creating small sided games and manipulating the rules to use them in their favor. For example the learners could be placed into two separate groups (long distance and short distance shooters), each with their own shot point system to encourage them to use shots that they normally would not. As well as additional bonus points for ‘clean’ shots that go in without hitting the backboard or the hoop before going into the lattice, ensuring that no error in the release...
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...Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document Student’s Name Institution Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document In Catholic schools, religious education is the first area of learning. Religious education enables children and the youth to justify, explain and understand Christian message and teachings as they are taught by the Catholic Church (Carswell, 2001). Religious education is taught to all those who follow and believe in Christ in the world. Through learning, students are taught research, guided on how to study and overall learn how Christians should live (Ryan, 2003). These students also get to know the distinctive vision of the Catholic Church. The Catholic curriculum systematically directs students and enhances them to reflect critically on the meaning of being a Catholic (Carswell, 2001). In Australia, Religious Education Curriculum is imperative, and a must learn program for all years of schooling. This Program, which is denoted as K-12 contains what is to be covered in the Religious curriculum (Ryan, 2003). Time allocations are prescribed to this curriculum about the age of the learners. This program is part of the learning experience and is mandated by Australian Bishops. Its primary objective is to raising religious knowledge and awareness. In Australia, Religious Education is an extremely acclaimed feature of the Australian Catholic schools through...
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...July 2006 Mona Lisa Smile: Decoding the Pedagogies of 1953 at Wellesley College for Women During the time period in which this film takes place, it was a progressive concept to have women in the university, let alone having an entire university dedicated specifically for women. The main character Katherine Watson (played by Julia Roberts), however, did not see education as a privilege or a ‘finishing’ prize for women. During her first year as an art teacher at Wellesley, she tries to debunk the notion of female inferiority and subordination. She does this not only for the sake of her students, but for the sake of her work, her teaching, her art. Watson experiences the successes and failures of a variety of teaching methods to educate and counsel students in their lives and their intellectual development. These pedagogies include current-traditional, process, and feminist pedagogies. In addition to reviewing the pedagogy tactics, identifying how they function in the film, and determining the pedagogical accomplishments, a hypothetical syllabus will further explain the tactics, strengths or weaknesses, and the characteristics of the pedagogies. Judge 2 Current-Traditional Pedagogy Current-traditional pedagogy developed in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries and is based loosely on paragraph theory, where there is a rhetorical structure with set conventions that must be met. This pedagogy may be defined in regards to instructing composition...
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...Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document Student’s Name Institution Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document In Catholic schools, religious education is the first area of learning. Religious education enables children and the youth to justify, explain and understand Christian message and teachings as they are taught by the Catholic Church (Carswell, 2001). Religious education is taught to all those who follow and believe in Christ in the world. Through learning, students are taught research, guided on how to study and overall learn how Christians should live (Ryan, 2003). These students also get to know the distinctive vision of the Catholic Church. The Catholic curriculum systematically directs students and enhances them to reflect critically on the meaning of being a Catholic (Carswell, 2001). In Australia, Religious Education Curriculum is imperative, and a must learn program for all years of schooling. This Program, which is denoted as K-12 contains what is to be covered in the Religious curriculum (Ryan, 2003). Time allocations are prescribed to this curriculum about the age of the learners. This program is part of the learning experience and is mandated by Australian Bishops. Its primary objective is to raising religious knowledge and awareness. In Australia, Religious Education is an extremely acclaimed feature of the Australian Catholic schools through...
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...|Explain how the role of teacher changes in the process of the child growing normalisation (socialisation) | (Begin typing your introduction here…) Montessori acknowledgment that emphasis she placed on preparation for the learning environment was probably the main characteristic by which people identified her method. She believed that “environment” includes not only the space the children use and the furnishings and materials within that space but also the adults and the children who share their days with each other, as well as the outdoor environment and other places where children learn. A Montessori teacher has to be quite different from a teacher from ordinary school (The Absorbent Mind). A Montessori teacher must be a guardian for child’s learning and care, custodian to the favourable environment and an observer of each child’s nuances. “The teacher of children up to six years of age knows that she has helped mankind in essential part of its formation. …She will be able to say: “I have served the spirits of those children, and they have fulfilled their development, and I have kept them company in their experiences”(Montessori, 2007a). What normalisation is? M Montessori said: “The transition from one stage to another always follows a piece of work done by the hands with real things, work accompanied by mental concentration”(Montessori, 2007a) Dr. Montessori said, “the thing we should cultivate in our teachers is...
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...Knowledge is Power The first step to gaining freedom from oppression is to recognize that freedom is being restricted. Some contend that because Freire’s work, The Pedagogy of the Oppressed was written over forty years ago, in a different country with a heightened sense of activism that it does not apply to today’s public education system in America. I disagree. His analysis applies as much today as it did forty years ago, but the reason most do not recognize it is because it works so well. The educational system uses a concept that Freire details in his work, namely the banking concept of education. This method of teaching is “dehumanizing” in that it reduces students to “receptacles” whose only purpose in life is to be filled with information which is chosen by oppressors to be significant (Freire par. 4). Freire paints a picture of lifeless, mechanical, students, filing information into their brains without question or analysis; the very thing that he claims makes us human (par. 4,5). He asserts that this concept of education is oppressive by design. Indeed, it serves the oppressors’ goals in that “the more the oppressed can be led to adapt to (an environment where they question nothing), the more easily they can be dominated” (Freire par. 9). The control over educational subject matter plays a key role in oppression. Loewen's work Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong details this role. Although I agree with the ideas of Freire...
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