...DIFFERENT FORMS OF ADVOCACY IN MODERN SOCIETY: Advocacy is defined as public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy. It is also defined as the profession or work of a legal advocate whose responsibility is to plead or argue in favour of a course, idea, or policy. There are three forms of advocacies namely case advocacy, self advocacy, peer advocacy, paid independent advocacy, citizen advocacy and statutory advocacy. Case advocacy This at times is referred to as crisis or short-term advocacy. The advocacy focuses on one issue or set of issues which are not intended to have long-term objectives. It may be provided alongside peer, citizen, or self-advocacy to give extra support in dealing with a particular problem due to a break down in an advocacy partnership, or because of issues requiring special expertise e.g. in law, child protection, education, housing, employment, and financial matters. Self advocacy This is when people come together to speak up for themselves. This is the norm for most of the population especially when people feel empowered. It takes the form of societies or special interest groups. People with disabilities tend to be introverts hence find it hard to express their challenges to the rest of the community; Self advocacy is the best way to address these vice. The advocacy groups are run by thee vulnerable themselves with the support of other members of the society. Self advocacy groups comprise of people with sharing common locally;...
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...A corporate lifetime ago policies and procedures were a nuisance put in place by management as a way to standardize business practices and attempt to use a single set of rules for everything everywhere they did business. And it was a drag. I have clear memories of my formative years on Wall Street with a seemingly endless row of binders on my cubicle shelf that appeared best suited to gather dust rather than provide anyone direction because in the end, well, all they did was gather dust. So the irony isn’t lost on me that here I am a decade or two later standing on my soapbox explaining why having things documented is a good thing. Twenty years ago there really weren’t enforceable regulatory standards such as SOX or GLBA. Frameworks and assessment guidelines such as CobIT and NIST and ISO 17799 were either in their infancy or not yet developed. And so outside of a very few pockets of industry there wasn’t a whole lot of good reason to have to put down on paper what you did, why you did it and how you got it done. Sure there were the auditors that came around every now and again but things were simpler in those days and much of what they needed could either be found in the occasional dusty binder or grabbed from the data center operations library. Today we live in a different world. There are a seemingly endless number of regulations in place that are tested monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually. There are rules as to how you must configure your network, your...
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...Advocacy In my care support class we learnt a lot about advocating for a patient. Advocacy – a person who relays the wants/needs of an individual who for reasons cannot speak for themselves. Advocacy commences when a person represents the interests of another person. This requires complete loyalty of the person acting as an advocate, who represents the wishes, needs and interests of the patient as if it was your own needs, and what advocacy means: the one that pleads, defends or supports the cause or interest of the patient for whatever reason they cannot speak for themselves or on behalf of someone in their best interest, e.g. someone who has not got a voice/confidents or cannot be heard, e.g. children, elderly, dementia patients. There are different forms of advocacy: Self-advocacy: is the ability to speak up for yourself and the things that are very important to you, self-advocacy means you are able to ask for what you need and tell other people about your thoughts and feelings. Self-Advocacy means you know your rights and responsibilities, and you are able to make choices and decisions that affect your life. It is important to learn self-advocacy skills because it helps you decide what you want and what to expect. When you have good self-advocacy skills you can have more control and make the life decisions that are best for you. (advocacy.com) Legal advocacy: involves solicitors protecting their client’s rights and interests in a court of law. i.e. a person’s will or their...
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...Prompt: “The knower’s perspective is essential in the pursuit of knowledge.” To what extent do you agree? Imagine, if you will, that you are sitting at a local café in France and happen to overhear the man sitting behind you say “He did it in cold blood.” As an American, the uneasy feeling of apprehension shoots through your body while waiting to sequentially overhear the dark deed belonging to this mysterious “he” the man behind you speaks of. Now, imagine that you are the friend to whom the Frenchman is confiding who also hears the same “Il l’a fait dans le sang froid.” As a Frenchman, your calm but curious ears wait to hear what the mysterious “he” has done with such grace. For though it may be the same idiomatic expression, “cold blood” takes on two drastically different meanings depending on the language and thus perspective of the person hearing it, consequently altering the tone of the subject entirely. To an American, a deed done in “cold blood” is a vicious deed done without empathy, however, to a Frenchman, a deed done in “le sang froid” is one done with self-control. The variation in the two languages is what causes the American to interpret negatively the words the Frenchman says in good spirit with the knowledge of his own language. Their two perspectives changed the meaning of the sentence entirely and it is for this reason why I would agree wholeheartedly that the knower’s perspective is essential in the pursuit of knowledge. The challenges of understanding...
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...1.Non-state actors especially businesses are more vocal in the design of policies that impact on the global economics. Businesses have the power to influence policies adopted that relate to engaging in trading around the globe ( Fusch, p2). The discursive power enables businesses to exert influence both in the public and in private sectors. Businesses can tailor their discursive powers to achieve diverse objectives relating to policy formulation (Fusch, p26) There are enormous changes in the global intellectual property regime that give the businesses a leeway to actively engage in international economics negotiations. The liberalization of knowledge through relaxed protection of the intellectual property works to the advantage of the businesses (Morin p3). The economic and political changes taking place around the world occasioned changes in the political roles. There is an evident decline in the roles of states in the international policing. The business enterprises are increasing taking over from governments in participating in the international economic policing (Fusch, p5). 2. A classic instance of collaboration among businesses was the formation of Basel II. Several bankers from different countries came together to influence the policies formulated around that time. The bankers came from the states that formed G10 at the time (Young, 2012, p665) The rise of academic communities successfully managed to advocate for the scrapping of the monopoly initially exhibited...
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...Chapter 3: Standard Setting Review Questions: 8-If the standard-setting process should achieve better information, what criteria would identify better information? The relevance and reliability are the two main criteria that would identify better information since this would result useful and trustful information. 9-Is the setting of accounting standards desirable for society? If so, who should set standards? Yes, the setting of accounting standard is desirable for society because it provides investors with relevant information. There are a variety of standards that each depends on its setter for example the “Public Interest Theory” aims to satisfy the needs of the Tax authority. Also the standard setters of ”The social Contract Theory” must reflect w composition of society affected by the standard and by the environment they apply. 10-How does good financial reporting add value to organization? Good financial reporting results on accurate information which enhances the image of the organization consequently motivate investors, accountability with creditors and help manager to evaluate the performance of the company. 13-In your opinion, do the benefits from regulating accounting information outweigh the costs? Justify your answer. The benefits resulting from the regulating accounting information are: * Increased efficiency in allocating capital. * Cheaper production of accounting information. * Check on perquisites. * Public confidence. * Standardisation...
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...erode and eventually completely eradicate entire civilizations such as the rural Ecuadoreans seen in this powerful documentary. Since these peoples are primarily indigenous and have little to no voice as to what a powerful destructive corporation can and will do to them, in order to counteract rampant negligence by corporations in their globalized quest for maximized profit, it is crucial that the growth and evolution of transnational advocacy networks give the people who matter a venue to be heard on a large scale. People all over the world, both nationally and internationally are often silenced or disregarded because as many say, “money talks”, however this all changes when these individuals or small groups of people create coalitions, whether they are near each other, or simply someone on the other side of the planet who is trying to help them and make a difference. It all starts with one person and once the movement gains momentum, it is much harder for corporations and money to stifle and silence. The key to creating these transnational advocacy networks, as seen in Crude, is the presence and backing of a Non-Governmental Organization, or NGO, as Steven R. Donziger (the American Lawyer seen in the case) helped get the popularly called “Amazonian Chernobyl” into the headlines and eventual coverage support by Vanity...
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...parents in advocating for proposed school regulation Background of this idea ABC’s mission is to advocate for the rights of people with disabilities. In the past few years, we have been concerned about how to best advocate for young parents with children who have disabilities—especially since a recently proposed school regulation will have a huge impact on their lives. To sufficiently influence policy makers, these parents need to be educated on the issues and involved in advocating for the new regulation. Their involvement will give ABC’s advocacy work the necessary visible support of young families. However, few young parents participate in ABC’s advocacy programs, preferring to join XYZ for their relevant information and support groups or LMN for their help in addressing problems in the school system. ABC recognizes that young parents have a limited amount of free time and wants to make it easy for them to participate in its advocacy efforts. In addition, ABC needs to be a good steward of its resources and not compete for clients with other organizations that are providing excellent complementary services. Purpose of the alliance The purpose of this alliance is to • Share information about the proposed school regulation • Recruit young parents into the project • Provide training to young parents so that they can assist in revising the proposed school regulation • Defray the costs of parent involvement in the project Outcomes An alliance of ABC, XYZ, and LMN (and perhaps...
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...This is a summary of a paper presented at the 28th Annual Conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action in November 1999. This paper was submitted to the peer-reviewed academic journal Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly for consideration. ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_______________________ Nonprofits’ Use of the Media in the Influence of Public Policy: Is there a correlation between exposure in the media and positive results? DAVID A. RICE STRATEGIC POLICY CONCEPTS Abstract: The extent to which interest groups and the media influence policymakers has been a popular topic of research. However, there has been little research on interest groups’ attempts to use the media for the specific purpose of influencing policymakers. This paper examines the attempts of nonprofit advocates in Massachusetts to use the media to influence public policymaking. The research was conducted through a survey of policymakers, the media, and registered lobbyists for nonprofit and for-profit interest groups in Massachusetts. The results of the survey indicate that the majority of nonprofit advocates do not use the media as a tactic to influence policymakers primarily because they do not believe policymakers are very influenced by the media. The results also found that policymakers would view nonprofit advocates as being more influential if they frequently obtained media coverage of the issues important to them. The paper posits that...
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...INTRODUCTION Grassroots-based advocacy movements are not new and continue to be politically contentious. However, since the mid-1990s there has been an increasing interest in advocacy on the part of both NGOs and Northern donor agencies. Firstly, influencing macro-level policy and regulatory frameworks is now seen as essential to increasing opportunities and removing constraints at the micro-level for both enterprise programmes and entrepreneurs themselves. Secondly, multilateral and bilateral donor agencies have increasingly emphasised civil society development and democratisation as a means of effecting this macro-level change. Underpinning both these trends are related debates about rights-based approaches to development and pro-poor growth. Advocacy organizations have also used advances in communications and information technology to increase global as well as national visibility and influence. Impact assessment has had a two-fold role in these trends: • • Firstly action research and impact assessments of the effects of macro-level policies, legislation and regulatory environments have been used to support advocacy campaigns. Secondly donors, NGOs and advocates themselves have been concerned to assess the impacts of their advocacy strategies either to justify funding them and/or to improve future strategies and campaigns. There are now a number of manuals by NGOs and donors presenting models, tools and frameworks for both advocacy itself and advocacy impact assessment.1 There...
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...NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION Near Field Communication is an immerging technology in the field of wireless industry. NFC technology can be used in billing counters, buses, or sharing information to friends. It can be used by swapping the smart phone over NFC enabled device such as a NFC tag which has information stored in it. For example instead of swiping credit card in the card reader at any shop we can just simply take out phone from our pocket and wave it over the NFC enabled reader and credit card information will be transferred to the bank. HISTORY OF NFC NFC is not an innovation basically but an advance version of other short range wireless technologies like RFID. NFC forum was created to define the standards of NFC and facilitate it for further growth. NFC forum was founded in year 2004 in collaboration by Sony, Nokia and Philips. It define some standards which has to be followed by the NFC enabled devices and smartphones. The forum also ensures the inter compatibility of the NFC devices, which means that any NFC device can communicate with any other NFC device which provides a simple and fast way to transfer data and therefore it doesn’t restrict users to a few devices. Currently some companies have started using NFC technology such as Google and PayPal and this will encourage users to try this new technology. NFC is focusing on United States and is ready to establish itself as simple, contactless payment system. ...
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...Piracy- Now a major offense PHI 300 SEC 1 EMPL ID 773958 In America, the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) is the trade organization that works to protect intellectual property of artists and music labels. They attempt to prevent piracy of artists’ work by in some cases prosecuting offenders. According to the RIAA, global piracy causes $12.5 billion of economic losses every year, 71060 U.S. jobs lost, a loss of $2.7 billion in workers earnings (RIAA). How exactly then do prosecutors solve this issue? Their answer is to sue for excessive amounts, and even prosecuting to where it can lead up to 5 years in prison. One prime example of this unfair justice is the fairly new case involving Jammie Thomas-Rasset, who illegally downloaded over 1700 songs from a p2p network. It is unethical for such a corporation to incarcerate or even sue for such a misdemeanor offense (Barret, 2010). The evolution of how we obtain music has become easier to the public due to programs that allow people to download single songs or even albums, preventing them from having to leave their homes. Although it may seem effortless, downloading music has some stipulations that go along with how you are receiving the files. Basically what it boils down to is, if you did not pay for it, then it is illegal and considered piracy (RIAA). Illegal actions should be dealt with, but the question is, “Should the RIAA be rewarded such unruly amounts of cash, or better yet send people to jail over...
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...McBride Financial Security Policy To bring McBride’s electronic key online will provide a great source of control in their area of physical security. Employees will only have access to areas that their work in and access to information according to their rank in McBride facility. Any unauthorized access to any area of any McBride facility will be punishable in accordance with McBride's Non-Compliance Policy. If an access card, key are lost or stolen or is not returned a fee will be charged for a new item. When an access card is lost, it will be deactivated immediately until a new card is issued. When processing a loan application, McBride is in control of large amount of sensitive customer information including the customer’s credit report and history. The protection of this information is very important. To protect data from loss, equipment failure, or intentional destruction, all mortgage applications and associated data will be backed up to magnetic tape as well as archived to a remote server daily. Magnetic tape backups will be performed every evening (except for Sunday when tape drives will be cleaned and maintained). All data backups will be perform only by an authorized member of McBride's in-house IT department. Another way that McBride will now protect sensitive data is through account access controls. Passwords, encryption, and pertinent classification of data are a few measures that will be implemented to ensure this protection. Every procedure and process...
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...Richman Investments holds requirements for the usage of the company network including filtering policies for network traffic through an AUP. Acceptable use policy (AUP) would start with the User Domain. The user domain is the employee within an organization who is granted access to the information system for the organization. There are roles and tasks, responsibility, and accountability that go into an acceptable use policy for the user domain. Within the user domain, access to the LAN to WAN, web surfing, and internet could be used help gather information between customers and employees. LAN to WAN is the activities between LAN to Wan and firewalls, routers, intrusion, detection, and workstations. Web surfing determines what a user can obtain on company time with company resources. Internet, is when the user has access to the internet with the types of controls the organization has on the certain internet sites being accessed. Although LAN to WAN, web surfing, and internet have some of the same characteristics, they also have different specific IT infrastructures it affects. . For the LAN to Wan AUP, it will goes with the roles and task parts of the user domain. Users would be given access to certain systems, applications, and data depending on their access rights. The AUP is a more of a rulebook for employees to follow when using the organization’s IT assets. If the AUP is violated, it could be grounds for termination from the company. The AUP will set rules for employees...
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...are discuss common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include manual sharing utilizing removable media, centralized servers on computer networks,World Wide Web-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.We consider the specific case of file sharing and it’s effects on legal sales of music . 1. Introduction Files were first exchanged on removable media.Computers were able to accessremotefilesusing filesystem mounting and FTP servers.The mp3 encoding, which was standardized in 1991 and which substantially reduced the size of audio files, grew to widespread use in the late 1990s. In 1998, MP3.com and Audiogalaxy were established, The Digital Millennium Copyright Act was unanimously passed, and the first mp3 player devices were launched. In June 1999, Napster was released as an unstructured centralized peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery. It is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. Gnutella, released in March, was the first decentralized file sharing network. In the gnutella network, all connecting software was considered equal, and therefore the network had no central point of failure. In July The popularity of peer-to-peer file sharing applications such as Gnutella andNapster...
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