...On Exploiting Agent Technology in the design of Peer-to-Peer Applications Steven Willmott, Josep M. Pujol and Ulises Cort´s e Universitat Polit`cnica de Catalunya e a Llenguatges i Sistemes Inform`tics Campus Nord, M´dul C5-C6, C/Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona (08034), Spain o {steve, jmpujol, ia}@lsi.upc.es Abstract. Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures exhibit attractive properties for a wide range of real world systems. As a result they are increasingly being applied in the design of applications ranging from highcapacity file sharing and global scale distributed computing to business team-ware. The objective of this paper is to outline a number of areas in which Agent techniques for the management of social problems such as decision making or fair trading amongst autonomous agents could be used to help structure P2P actions. In particular we focus on approaches from mechanism design, argumentation theory and norms / rules and electronic institutions. 1 Introduction Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures exhibit attractive properties for a wide range of real world systems. As a result they are increasingly being applied in the design of applications ranging from high-capacity file sharing and global scale distributed computing to business team-ware. In addition their benefits however, P2P systems also fundamentally change the networking paradigm used in an application often causing tensions with other application goals such as security, predictability, performance guarantees...
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...Peer-to-Peer VS. Client Server Trevor Crews Strayer University Networks are used to offer advantages that cannot be obtained through the sole use of a standalone computer. There are two common types of network, Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server. Peer-to-Peer is the simpler of the two while client server remains the more complex. Both types offer advantages and disadvantages over the others. “In a peer-to-peer network, every computer can communicate directly with every other computer.” (Dean, 2010) This set-up allows for all computers to have access to each other and the same level of authority. Because of this fact no one computer can do more or less than any other computer on the network. They do, however; each have the ability to limit and share only a portion of their resources and the ability to prevent access to certain data. As they are set up directly to each other every computer has the ability to send and receive information to and from every other computer on the network. Using Peer-to-Peer networks though however does have its advantages and disadvantages. First let’s look at the advantages. The main advantage to a Peer-to-Peer network is how simple it is to configure. This allows them to be deployed in areas where high-end technical expertise may be limited. Due to this fact they can be seen in areas from local home networks to small businesses and at times even larger companies may implement them. Another advantage is that they are less expensive to both set...
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...Ted Bundy Theodore Robert “Ted” was born on November 24, 1946. His mother lived with her parents, which created a confusing perception in Ted as a kid. He believed his grandparents were his parents and his mother was his older sister. As Ted grew his mom move out and married Johnny Culpepper Bundy. Ted took his stepfather’s last name and so his new name came out to be “Ted Bundy”. Ted Bundy was known for his smartness, charisma, and good persona personality. Many believed he would make it far based how much he was improving in his academic fields, but many did not know what the obscure side of Ted was capable of. Ted Bundy while growing up would live with confused believes about his own family structure, after his mother married Johnny Bundy; Ted Bundy isolated from his family and did not spend much time with them. In school people knew him as a shy kid. When Ted made it college he met a wealthy girl named “Stephanie Brook”, the reason of why Ted picked victims with similar characteristics to her. Stephanie graduated and terminated her relationship with Ted Bundy abruptly leaving a man with a heart broken and also with a thirst for revenge. Ted Bundy began his revenge by improving in academic fields and making a name for himself. He expanded his knowledge by learning Chinese, enrolling in politics, and studied law. Ted Bundy began a new relationship with Stephanie Brooks and broke up with her after having proposed, it was a revenge done by Ted Bundy for what Stephanie...
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...Ray F, Maryana K, Kangi J, Brittany M 10/2/14 Management Information Systems Jia Shen Peer to Peer Online Shopping Peer to Peer online shopping is a high tech version of old fashioned bartering systems. Peer to Peer online shopping connects people all over the world by facilitating online sharing. Typically, an online peer-to-peer marketplace brings people and/or businesses together online to deal with each other directly without having to go through a slow, expensive middle man. Peer to Peer online shopping can be convenient, it can save time by having everything in one place, and save money by cutting out the middle man which will reduce the overall cost for the consumer and increases the profits for the provider/business. Peer to Peer online shopping can also be fun, and highly specialized. During the recession people had less money which caused them to spend less which eventually led to Collaborative consumption. Collaborative consumption which is consumers selling or renting to each other is encouraged by all of the Peer to Peer online sights. For example E Bay is a online auction and shopping website that provides peer to peer and business to consumer sales service via internet. According to our text book "one of the most surprising benefits of collaborative consumption however, turns out to be social. This is true because it allows for sharing between strangers and allows us to make meaningful connections. "Collaborative consumption is an economic model based on...
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...Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks Darsheen Smith Strayer University Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networks A network is a group of computers and other devices, such as a printer, that are connected by some type of transmission media (i.e. fiber optic cables or radio waves) (Dean, 2010, p.2). Originally “sneakernet” was the only means of electronic source sharing. It involved the transfer of electronic information by physically couriering removable media, such as floppy disks, from one computer to the next (Wikipedia, 2011, para 1). With the advancement of computer technology so is the modernization of computer networking. Analysis There are two types of networks, peer-to-peer and client/server networks. Both have the capability to communicate with other computers on the network. They also have the capability to protect files from unauthorized users. There are also distinct differences between the two types of networks. In a peer-to-peer network every computer can communicate directly with every other computer. No computer has more authority than another. A Typical peer-to-peer network consists of two or more personal computers (Dean, 2010, p.3). In contrast, a client/server network consists of a central computer, called a server, which is designed to permit communication and information sharing between computers, known as clients, on the network. The clients do not share their resources directly with each other...
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...同行对同行贷款在美国 (Peer-to-Peer Lending in the United States) | 摘要 (Abstract) 互联网已经彻底改变了我们思考，生活的方式，并互相交流;这种进步还可以扩展到我们如何做生意。消费者和生产者的传统模式已永远地改变或取代有更好的东西，而在本文中，我们探讨这样一个例子：点对点点对点贷款。The Internet has revolutionized the way we think, live, and interact with each other; this progress can also be extended to how we do business. Traditional models of consumer and producer have been forever changed or supplanted with something better, and in this paper, we examine one such example: peer-to-peer lending. 2014年7月25日 | 同行对同行贷款在美国 (Peer-to-Peer Lending in the United States) | 摘要 (Abstract) 互联网已经彻底改变了我们思考，生活的方式，并互相交流;这种进步还可以扩展到我们如何做生意。消费者和生产者的传统模式已永远地改变或取代有更好的东西，而在本文中，我们探讨这样一个例子：点对点点对点贷款。The Internet has revolutionized the way we think, live, and interact with each other; this progress can also be extended to how we do business. Traditional models of consumer and producer have been forever changed or supplanted with something better, and in this paper, we examine one such example: peer-to-peer lending. 2014年7月25日 | TABLE OF CONTENTS 概观 (Overview) 隐私和匿名 (Privacy and Anonymity) P2P贷款 (P2P Lending) 公司简介 (Company Profile) 减轻风险 (Mitigating Risk) 行业成功 (Industry Success) 国际比较 (International Comparison) 参考文献 (References) 概观 (Overview) “同行对等（P2P）计算或网络是一种分布式应用程序体系结构划分同行之间的任务或工作负载。同龄人同样的特权，在应用程序等效的参与者。它们被认为形成一个对等网络中的节点。” (“Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally...
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...Security Aspects of Peer-to-Peer Computing Shayla J. Brock INSY 4900.51 May 9, 2014 It is important to enable peers to represent and update their trust in other peers in open networks for sharing files, and especially services. A trust model and a method for building reputation based on recommendations in peer-to-peer networks. Since trust is multifaceted, peers need to develop differentiated trust in aspects of other peers’ capability. The peer’s needs are different in different situations. Depending on the situation, a peer may need to consider it’s trust in a specific aspect of another peer’s capability or in multiple aspects. There are networks that provide a flexible method to present differentiated trust and combine different aspects of trust. The evaluation of the model using a simulation shows that the system where peers communicate their experiences outperforms the system where peers do not share recommendations with each other and that a differentiated trust adds to the performance in terms of percentage of successful interactions. Currently, a new and highly interesting paradigm for communication on the Internet, known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P), is emerging...
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...Peer-to-Peer Payment Applications History Payment systems have existed throughout time. From the ancient days where merchants exchanged goods for other goods in a barter system, to the days when the concept of currency was developed, to the modern day checkbook and wire transfer of funds, there has always been a way for one person to give money to another. However, all of these methods are cumbersome, and require either a physical activity (writing a check or completing a wire transfer), or exchanging physical currency. This complicates the process, requiring two people to meet in person, one to have physical currency (or to have and write a check), and then the eventual deposit of the recipient’s funds into a bank account. However, with the rise of the internet and the proliferation of smartphones, a major innovation has been made in the way that people exchange money. To clarify, this is not talking about a person paying an established business, but rather paying someone for babysitting, mowing a lawn, splitting the cost of gas, or paying back a friend for a meal. This innovation is Image from WashingtonPost.com Image from WashingtonPost.com known as peer-to-peer payment systems. The need for a quick, easy way to pay someone, split a bill, share utilities payments, or contribute to a fundraiser became apparent in a society that carries less and less cash. Most millenialls do not even carry cash on their person anymore, and thus, if they needed to pay a friend...
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...What's the difference between client/server and peer-to-peer networks? There’s quite a bit, although most of the differences are in two areas – security and cost. Beyond that, your consideration for what you need is largely dependent on budget and the size of your organization. So, what’s the difference? A peer-to-peer network has no central server. Every workstation on the network shares files equally with everyone else on the network. This also means there is no authentication of users and no central storage. This model is considered a decentralized form of networking. Conversely, the client/server network provides a central pool of data and resources, with user profiles established with localized restriction on which data can be accessed. This model is commonly referred to as a centralized form of networking. Both are good! There’s an old saying, ‘wisdom is what works’. Well, the same is true for your network. Peer-to-peer networks are great for use in homes or in small businesses where employees interact regularly and share all information and files. They don’t cost much to setup, nor are they difficult to manage. The downside is there’s almost no security (pretty much controlled at an individual ‘share’ level). Once you get more than 8-10 workstations connected, there would likely be an impact to performance and management since each station functions as both client and server at the same time. As each employee manages the sharing of their workstation...
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...please make sure he can receive the counseling that he really needs to keep him on the right track mentally. If you could see him when he comes to church all the young men loves hanging around him, because they love hearing him playing the drums and rapping his music. Since he has been in jail this time he is already trying to improve himself. He asked his dad to send him self help books by Robert Greene, 48 Laws of Power, and The Art of Seduction. If Michael could be given probation, mandatory counseling for depression, community service and steady work to keep his mind occupied he will again be a model citizen. He has so much talent and ability, where he can teach and encourage other young men to take the right road, and not adhere to peer...
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...PEER INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIALIZATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW by Nicole Marie Howard A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved Two Semester Credits _____________________________ Investigation Advisor The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT _________Howard__________Nicole_______M._________________________ (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Peer Influence In Relation To Academic Performance and Socialization Among__ (Title) Adolescents: A Literature Review______________________________________ School Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. Helen Swanson (Research Advisor) May/2004_____ 30__________ (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition___ (Name of Style Manual Used in This Study) Adolescents have always been exposed to peer influence, but the kinds of peer influence that they encounter have changed tremendously in the past years. Peers can influence everything from what an adolescent chooses to wear to whether or not an adolescent engages in drug related or other delinquent behavior. This is an important topic because if society and education related professionals understand the issues surrounding negative peer influence, they are more likely...
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...Peer Pressure Peer pressure is one of the most difficult issues facing youth today. Peer pressure is the pressure to conform, to act against your will or judgment for social reasons. It forces you to do things you are not comfortable with. Think about it. Your teenager spends much more time with peers than with family members. The communication is direct, and much more powerful than the influence of teachers and other authority figures. Peer pressure can lead to testing drugs and alcohol, skipping school, and various high-risk behaviors. If you notice a sudden change in your child's appearance, clothing, and attitude, especially if accompanied by secretive behavior, he or she may be give in to the influences of peers. Youths: Have you ever felt like you had to act the way your friends did. You may think to yourself even then “this isn’t me”. Or you were given a cigarette or some alcohol and felt you had to try it so that everyone could see that you are cool, or at least, not “un” cool. Peer pressure comes at you in many forms, from many directions and can affect you on daily basis. Think: “What pressure did I face today?” But peer pressure is not always negative. There are negative and positive effects of peer pressure. Peer pressure can be positive if the peers help change the person for the better. However youths are not the only ones who feel peer pressure. Adults feel it too, even though they don’t admit it. In fact, most advertising on radio and television takes advantage...
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...Peers and delinquency: Juvenile Gangs, Groups and Fraternities 12/03/2010 Juvenile Delinquency Dr. Ibe By Shantrevia Jordan Nowadays we often hear about peer groups and how peers influence people. Everyone in the world belongs to a peer group. They are not only for kids. Peer groups are social groups consisting of people who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class. Members of a particular peer group often have similar interests and backgrounds bonded by the premise of sameness. Studies have shown that kids and young adults join peer groups to find a place in a valued group that gives them a sense of belonging; to identify and master tasks that are generally recognized as having value and therefore can earn respect by acquiring skill to cope with them; to acquire a sense of worth as a person; and to develop reliable and predictable relationships with other people, especially a few close friends and loved ones. Peer groups can have a negative or positive influence when it comes to their purposes. Gangs have been known to be negative peer groups that usually perform delinquent activities. On the other hand, fraternities are known to be positive educational groups that help nurture the community. A gang is a perfect example of a delinquent peer group. A gang is a group of people, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, that share a common identity. In current usage it typically denotes...
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...Peer pressure is something that everyone has to face at one point or another. For a lot of people, it takes the form of a re-occurring crucible. For others, it’s just a catalyst that sets them back a little. Peer pressure can be overcome, but there’s never a point where it completely stops. From the time you’re born, you are influenced by the people and things around you. Even in kindergarten, you soon learn that in order to ‘fit in’, you have to conform yourself to the atmosphere. This means that when a friend of yours wants your peanut-butter and jelly sandwich instead of their corn-dog that you will give it to them for fear of being rejected. By the end of the school year though, you realize that you don’t have to give into this pressure, so you make a trade for their pizza instead. By middle school, however, you’ve wised up and know everything there is to know about peer pressure do to millions of conversations in Health class about it. And now that you’ve reached this new level of maturity, you no longer give up your favorite foods to fit in. You’ve learned that loaning your favorite clothes and CDs works a WHOLE lot better. High school is slightly different. You’re less likely to give in to material things. Now it’s about emotions and relationships. The famous phrase, “But, I love you” soon comes to mean nothing. Oh but don’t worry, by the time you reach college you’re practically grown, right? Not hardly. Now with the pressures of having a job and going to school...
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...The influence of peer pressure in adolescence In our young days we all might have tried it. Maybe we didn’t notice it, but it still had an influence on us. Peer pressure happens every day, and some cases are worse than others. A lot of teenagers might feel very unsecure, and need something to hold on to. Because of that, teenagers join a group of friends, in some cases; “friends”, and to keep their status in the group, they might do things to be respected and accepted in the group. These things can be negative and positive. The negative influence could be if a group of friends start to smoke. Let’s pretend there are five boys in this group, four of them start to smoke, and one of the boys doesn’t do things like that, or rather; he doesn’t smoke. The four smoking boys feel some kind of unity by smoking together, and that exclude the non-smoking boy from the group, and the boy will maybe not be accepted in the group anymore. To avoid getting excluded by the group, he starts to smoke, despite his own will. This example is described as a negative influence. Even worse cases could be if a group of boys want to commit a robbery or break into a store for example. One of the boys in the group doesn’t really want to do these things, maybe because he knows better than the rest of the group. But he follows the group, so in the end he really doesn’t’ know better, because giving in to peer pressure, is not so clever and especially not, when it has such a negative influence...
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