...Chlamydia Chlamydia is one of the most common diseases in the United States. The infection is part of a 'silent epidemic' as most cases do not show symptoms and are left untreated. It can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and lead to scarring of the Fallopian tubes causing infertility and higher risk of ectopic pregnancy. The research was carried out at the Molecular Microbiology Group, at the University of Southampton, in conjunction with the Department of Virology, at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, in Israel. Professor Ian Clarke, from the University of Southampton, says: "This is a very significant advance in the study of chlamydia and we are proud to be the first people to achieve this. "Previously people have been unable to study chlamydial genetics and this has created a barrier to the comprehensive study of this disease. "We, together with our colleagues in Israel, discovered that by treating the chlamydia with calcium ions we were able to introduce a piece of foreign DNA. "This will open up the field of chlamydia research and will enable a better understanding of chlamydial genetics. It could lead to the development of new approaches to chlamydial vaccines and therapeutic interventions." To prove that they had accessed the chlamydial genome, the research team inserted the gene for a fluorescent protein into C. trachomatis which identified the chlamydial-infected cells by making them glow green. Their paper detailing the breakthrough in the study of chlamydia...
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...Ectopic Pregnancy: What is it, and how to take care of her physically and emotionally Amanda M Strock Samaritan School of Nursing This paper will cover the topic of ectopic pregnancy, causes, presentation, treatment and care of a patient with an ectopic pregnancy. What is ectopic pregnancy? An ectopic pregnancy is a dangerous pregnancy where the embryo implants in a cavity other than the uterus. This can occur on the ovary, the cervix, in the abdomen or most commonly in the fallopian tube. Between 95% and 98% of ectopic pregnancies develop in the fallopian tube. (McQueen) Ectopic pregnancies are not viable and can cause many complications such as infection, hemorrhage and infertility. In a normal pregnancy the egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube in which it then travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus where it implants and begins its growth. With most ectopic pregnancies, the egg is fertilized normally but then implants to the fallopian tube before reaching the uterus due to a restricted pathway in the fallopian tube. There are many possible causes to ectopic pregnancies and some causes are completely unknown. Research shows that due to the increase in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease there has been an increase in ectopic pregnancies. Other causes or risk factors...
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...are derived from plants that have been used by traditional medical practitioners (Cragg and Newman, 2005). It is a fact that traditional systems of medicine have become a topic of global importance. African countries are at a stage where traditional medicine is considered more for its capacity to generate other medicine than for its own sake. In many cases research undertakings and the commercial use stemming from that research have always relied on information provided by the local communities and, in many instances, have hardly benefited from the research results (Rukangira, 2004) . In Africa, traditional healers and remedies made from plants play an important role in the health of millions of people. (Rukangira, 2004). Typically, studies on the medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei have focused on the bioactivity of its chemical constituents, ethnobotany, pharmacology, and taxonomy. However, a comprehensive or systematic review on the plant is lacking. Furthermore, in much of the older literature concerning West Africa, the name Alstonia congensis has been erroneously used for Alstonia boonei. Consequently, this paper examined the effect of aqueous bark extracts of Alstonia boonei on the haematological parameters of male wistar abino rats. 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.2.1 Classification Alstonia comprises about 40 species and has a pantropical distribution. There are about twelve species of the genus Alstonia. Alstonia boonei De Wild belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The...
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...[pic] ICAK-USA Research The Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology Research Papers Published in the Collected Papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology for the year 2005-2006 -- Edited by Scott Cuthbert, D.C. Functional Systems Approach to Central Nervous System Evaluation Richard Belli, D.C., D.A.C.N.B. ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the clinical utility of testing functional systems within the central nervous system, compared to testing individual motor nerves with manual muscle testing. Design: Private practice. Study Subjects: Patients were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool. Methods: Chiropractic management was decided on by the treating chiropractor. A series of twelve tests were designed to discover disorders of functional systems within the CNS. The tests described were to evaluate the function of 12 systems: 1) spinal cord, 2) myelencephalon/reticular formation, 3) vagal system, 4) trigeminal motor system-muscles of mastication, 5) vestibulospinal system, and bulbo reticular area, 6) reticular formation, 7) diencephalons and gait locomotion system, 8) mesencephalon, 9) cardiac sympathetic autonomic system, 10) pyramidal system, 11) limbic system, 12) sensory system. Results: This chiropractic approach tests the nervous system after provocation of functional systems...
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...Abstract Abortion is the intentional termination of pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. The purpose of this research is to inform the readers about the pros and cons of abortion. The three pros that were explored were that the baby should not come into this world unwanted, reproductive choice protects women from financial disadvantage and professionally-performed abortions reduces maternal injury and death caused by unsafe, illegal abortions. The three cons that were examined were that abortion is murder, life begins at conception and abortion can cause physical and emotional damage. This paper examines both sides in an objective manner and contains my own opinion (based on research) at the ending. [Title...
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...DIPLOMACY COURSE; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY CODE; DIR 311 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITTLE; CAUSES OF WOMEN DEATHS DURING CHILD BIRTH IN MASENO MISSION HOSPITAL AUTHOR | ADM NO | ANYANDA SHARON AYUMA | DS/3017/2010 | AFFILLIATION; Research Proposal submitted to the School of Development and strategic studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of international relations and diplomacy of Maseno University DECLARATION This reaserch proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University -------------------------- ---------------------------- Signature Date This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor -------------------------- ----------------------------Signature Date AKNOWLEDMENT This report and its findings were prepared by myself with the help of my roommate Eunice Bosibori Ondieki of the department of Communication and Media Technology at Maseno University, she took part in assisting me in interviewing individuals from Mabungo village and also the Hospital staff. I also consulted mu father Mr Maurice Anyanda who gave me ideas on how to go about with my research proposal. Grateful...
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...Edexcel GCE Biology Advanced Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination June 2010 Scientific Article for use with Question 7 Do not return the Insert with the question paper. Paper Reference 6BI05/01 Turn over N37096A ©2010 Edexcel Limited. 1/1/1/1/1/ *N37096A* Scientific Article for use with Question 7 It’s All in the Mind The link between the brain as a physical organ and what we feel in our conscious mind has long been the subject of research, particularly where we appear to be unable to control aspects of mood or behaviour and where normal life is affected. Stress, pain and depression can be explained in terms of nerve impulses and brain chemistry, and the causes of Parkinson’s disease are well understood, but finding reliable ways of correcting problems has proved elusive. Understanding more about how the brain works may well lead to new methods for treating such problems. Dancing Worms and Deep Depression In a laboratory in Germany, a tiny worm dances to flashes of light. A flash of yellow and it darts forward. A flash of blue and it jerks back. Yellow, forward, blue, back – right on cue every time. The worm is not a toy or a robot but a living creature. It has been engineered so that its nerves and muscles can be controlled with light. With each flash of blue its neurons fire electric pulses, causing the muscles they control to clench. A flash of yellow stops the nerves firing, relaxing the worm’s muscles and lengthening its body once again. The worm is...
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...Edexcel GCE Biology Advanced Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination June 2010 Scientific Article for use with Question 7 Do not return the Insert with the question paper. Paper Reference 6BI05/01 Turn over N37096A ©2010 Edexcel Limited. 1/1/1/1/1/ *N37096A* Scientific Article for use with Question 7 It’s All in the Mind The link between the brain as a physical organ and what we feel in our conscious mind has long been the subject of research, particularly where we appear to be unable to control aspects of mood or behaviour and where normal life is affected. Stress, pain and depression can be explained in terms of nerve impulses and brain chemistry, and the causes of Parkinson’s disease are well understood, but finding reliable ways of correcting problems has proved elusive. Understanding more about how the brain works may well lead to new methods for treating such problems. Dancing Worms and Deep Depression In a laboratory in Germany, a tiny worm dances to flashes of light. A flash of yellow and it darts forward. A flash of blue and it jerks back. Yellow, forward, blue, back – right on cue every time. The worm is not a toy or a robot but a living creature. It has been engineered so that its nerves and muscles can be controlled with light. With each flash of blue its neurons fire electric pulses, causing the muscles they control to clench. A flash of yellow stops the nerves firing, relaxing the worm’s muscles and lengthening its body once again. The worm is in the vanguard...
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...In Life Allison Wang California Polytechnic University Pomona Professor Lord ANT 350 Research Paper Abstract The pharmaceutical field has overcome countless medical feats since the early times. While “the pill” itself was considered a brand new invention, the idea of creating a birth control pill was not. Since the old times primitive condoms were made from animal intestines and fish bladders. However, it wasn’t until after Margaret Sanger’s multiple convictions and persistent attitude, that a judge ended the Comstock era, providing Sanger with the opportunity to stress the importance of having birth control in th for of a pill to the public. In less than a decade after Sanger persuaded Pincus to begin working on the contraceptive, Pincus created a pill that tested to be 100 percent effective. However, in 1957, while the Food and Drug Adminsitration approved the pill, it was not approved as a contraceptive but rather as a treatment for women that experienced sever menstrual disorders. It was not until 1960 that the drug was actually approved as a contraceptive. Despite this, many controversies arose from the contraceptive leading to its many transformations. Because the original pill had many side effects that were largely ignored, a newer pill with a smaller dosage was created, coming with a decreased risk of developing ovarian cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, and deficiency anemia in the users. Later on, the pill was also approved by the FDA as not...
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...Abstract The topic covered in this research paper is abortion. This paper looks into the history of abortion, the pro-life view of abortion and the pro-choice view of abortion. Under history of abortion the information included is the time line of significant events of abortion such as becoming legal, also different ways in ancient times women would try to use abortions. The upgrading of technology making abortion safer and even if abortion was illegal women would still find a way to abort a baby are also covered under the history of abortion. Under pro-life choice for abortion looks into abortion murder, the rights of human and the rights of the unborn and that a women doesn't have a right to terminate her own fetus. Under pro- choice is the women's rights, and the rights to the women and also how abortion isn't murder due to the fact that fetuses cannot feel pain and how a women has a right to her own body and whether or not she decides she wants to carry a pregnancy to term. Pro-life people claim that abortion is an escape for people who are not responsible and don’t want to suffer the consequences of their actions. As a matter of fact, legal abortion will reduce morality and dignity of men and women in society according to some (Emmens 34-35). Doris Gordon, coordinator of Libertarians For Life, opposes abortion in her viewpoint, “Unborn children don’t cause women to become pregnant, but parents cause their children to be the womb, and as a result, they need...
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...30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 2 Correspondence should be addressed to Andrea Ciavattini; ciavattini.a@libero.it Received 28 February 2013; Revised 10 June 2013; Accepted 13 August 2013 Academic Editor: Hilary Critchley Copyright © 2013 Andrea Ciavattini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are benign tumors of uterus and clinically apparent in a large part of reproductive aged women. Clinically, they present with a variety of symptoms: excessive menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhoea and intermenstrual bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, and pressure symptoms such as a sensation of bloatedness, increased urinary frequency, and bowel disturbance. In addition, they may...
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...specialized soldiers who at the end of battle returned to the outposts to care for the sick and injured * Army nursing service – organize nurses and hospitals and coordinate supplies for the soldiers during the Civil War * Clara Barton a. Provided care in tents set up close to the fighting b. Did not discriminate c. Establishment of the American Red Cross * Harriet Tubman – helped slaves escape to freedom on the underground railroad * Walt Whitman – a poet * Louisa May Alcott – an author * Dorothea Dix – union’s superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War B. Nurses fighting diseases * Florence Nightingale d. Epidemiology – the study of the distribution and origins of disease e. Air, light, nutrition, and adequate ventilation and space assist the patient to recuperate * Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster f. Founded the Henry Street Settlement in NY to improve the health and social conditions of poor immigrants g. Improve health and prevent illness by promoting safe drinking water, adequate sewage facilities, and proper sanitation Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) * “Lady of the Lamp” * Walked through the camp at night providing care to the sick and wounded during the Crimean War * Major contributions: * Establishment of nursing as a distinct profession * Introduction of a broad-based...
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...geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts at the end of each chapter. These can be used for "cram sessions" after the concepts have been studied in the text. 3) Concentrate more on clinical and infectious disease issues that are both interesting and vital to the actual practice of medicine. MARK...
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...Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India Assessment and Management of HIV-Infected Person No Is HIV infection confirmed? Send to ICTC for confirmation of HIV status Yes Perform history taking and physical examination (see p 9 ) Evaluate for signs and symptoms of HIV infection or OIs and WHO clinical staging (see p 10) Provide appropriate investigations/treatment of OIs (see p 13 ) If pregnant, refer to PPTCT Screen for TB Screen for STI Identify need for: CTX prophylaxis (see p 16 ) ART (see p 18 ) No Pre ART care (see p 15 ) Yes Give patient education on treatment and adherence (see p 54 ) Arrange psychosocial, nutrition and community support (see p 56) Start ART, (see p 19 ) Arrange follow-up + monitoring (see p 25 ) Assess adherence every visit Provide positive prevention advice and condoms Provide patient information sheet on the ART regimen prescribed (see annex 7, 8) Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO National AIDS Control organisation Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India with support from CDC . Clinton Foundation . WHO TAble of T A b l e o f Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction....... ..........................................................................................
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...Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative programmes in hospitals and dispensaries guidance for prescribing 2010 EDITION © Médecins Sans Frontières – January 2010 All rights reserved for all countries. No reproduction, translation and adaptation may be done without the prior permission of the Copyright owner. ISBN 2-906498-81-5 Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual Editorial Committee: I. Broek (MD), N. Harris (MD), M. Henkens (MD), H. Mekaoui (MD), P.P. Palma (MD), E. Szumilin (MD) and V. Grouzard (N, general editor) Contributors: P. Albajar (MD), S. Balkan (MD), P. Barel (MD), E. Baron (MD), M. Biot (MD), F. Boillot (S), L. Bonte (L), M.C. Bottineau (MD), M.E. Burny (N), M. Cereceda (MD), F. Charles (MD), M.J de Chazelles (MD), D. Chédorge (N), A.S. Coutin (MD), C. Danet (MD), B. Dehaye (S), K. Dilworth (MD), F. Fermon (N), B. Graz (MD), B. Guyard-Boileau (MD), G. Hanquet (MD), G. Harczi (N), M. van Herp (MD), C. Hook (MD), K. de Jong (P), S. Lagrange (MD), X. Lassalle (AA), D. Laureillard (MD), M. Lekkerkerker (MD), J. Maritoux (Ph), J. Menschik (MD), D. Mesia (MD), A. Minetti (MD), R. Murphy (MD), J. Pinel (Ph), J. Rigal (MD), M. de Smet (MD), S. Seyfert (MD), F. Varaine (MD), B. Vasset (MD) (S) Surgeon, (L) Laboratory technician, (MD) Medical Doctor, (N) Nurse, (AA) Anaesthetist-assistant, (Ph) Pharmacist, (P) Psychologist We would like to thank the following doctors for their invaluable help:...
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