...Michael Crowley argues that Mexico is the most “under-appreciated problem facing the new US administration” under Obama’s second term since it has been compared to Pakistan of being at risk of “rapid and sudden collapse”. However, he assumes that it has been always this way and the United States has done nothing to help the Mexican authorities on the drug-related issue. In fact, the casualties in this war rose by 100,000 deaths but it was President Obama who introduced to US Congress the Merida Initiative, in which the US government provides financial and technical aid to the Mexican government. The results of this program can be perceived in the amount of criminals and in how the Mexican armed forces have improved their weapons and intelligence services. That said, America is concerned about Mexico but they also know that their neighbor is not as worrying as Pakistan, or even Iraq and Afghanistan. However, he applauses the recent achieved reforms of President Peña Nieto and finds him a promising leader to change the current narrative of Mexico by opening the oil and telecommunications sectors, improving the education and labor system, and modifying the tax and criminal code in just the first two years under his administration. In fact, this has made of Mexico the “favorite nation” to invest for the Wall Street community and even their government bonds were rated as A- by Moody’s, making Mexico the only Latin American economy with such grade. Unquestionably, this is...
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...The Energy Reform Background: 2006. PEMEX becomes the largest company in Mexico and one of the world's largest oil companies, both in terms of assets and income. Gasoline launches Premium Ultra Low Sulfur. 2007. On July 10 a terrorist attack occurs in Queretaro and Guanajuato pipelines attributed to the Popular Revolutionary Army. On September 10 another attack occurs in Veracruz. No one claimed responsibility. In October, there was an accident on the Kab-121 platform in which killed 18 offshore oil workers due to the failure of the life safety systems, on entering a cold front with winds of 130 kilometers per hour. The accident spilled 422 barrels of light oil and natural gas. Working on the reconfiguration of the Lazaro Cardenas refinery, the oldest national system. It promotes the recovery of the domestic petrochemical industry and aims to increase gas production to meet domestic market demand and thus reduce imports. 2008. The Congress discussed the issue of energy reform, not so far been submitted officially some initiative. -Privatization Debate: The debate on reforming energy (electricity and oil) was restarted because the PRI, in its national convention resumed on energy issues. What is important for large companies is to be able to enter the business of finding oil, exploration and replace reserves produced. Looking for this business because service contracts do not allow them to manage these reserves in their portfolios. But this will never happen...
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...Mexicanos (Pemex) es un tema que preocupa a los eventuales inversionistas que pretenden participar en las diversas etapas de la apertura del sector energético en México, señalaron consultores de la industria. De acuerdo con estimaciones privadas, el hurto de gasolinas alcanza los 27 mil barriles al día, equivalentes a unos 4 millones 293 mil litros diarios. Rogelio Gasca Neri, consultor privado y ex consejero profesional independiente de Pemex, afirmó que para proteger los ductos se requiere infraestructura. Reconoció que tampoco hay infraestructura para el almacenamiento ni en los puertos, por lo que se tiene que construir un andamiaje especial para financiar grandes proyectos. Al participar en la segunda Cumbre & Expo MXInfraestructure. Infraestructura para la competitividad, Gasca Neri explicó que lanzar los contratos de producción compartida para 14 campos exploratorios fue un error, pues se adjudicaron sólo dos campos, ya que ante los bajos ingresos las empresas grandes se concentraron en sus proyectos existentes, y las pequeñas no fueron capaces de asumir el riesgo. Por ello la segunda convocatoria tuvo más éxito. Además se han modificado las bases y contratos para una tercera fase, y “se ha postergado para su análisis la cuarta licitación, porque aquí no puede haber errores”. Por su parte, Marcial Díaz, de Lexoil Consultores, destacó que para las empresas petroleras el robo de combustibles afecta las ganancias, por lo que debe erradicarse la corrupción. “En Pemex y la CFE...
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...There was extensive US business investment in oil development in Mexico throughout the early 20th century. During the Mexican Revolution, the Mexican Petroleum Corporation sold much of the Tampico oil fields to to the United State’s Standard Oil Company in 1910. During the Tampico Affair in 1914, the United States navy occupied Veracruz and sent ships to Tampico to protect American oil and businesses. The Mexican Revolution of the 1910s created several issues for American business, namely Standard Oil. American businesses had suffered damaged during the revolution and the United States was eager to find compensation from the new Mexican government. Alvaro Obregon, the revolution general who won the Mexican presidency, accepted the Bucareli...
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...There is a global focus today on energy as an economic resource. Some of the world’s leading nations such as the US, Canada, Brazil are in the research of developing their oil production. Other countries such as China, are focused on purchasing interest in foreign reserves and use their expertise to import the oil to their country. There are many new technologies such as 3D seismic, hydraulically fracturing and directional drilling. These new technologies have opened up new levels of oil discovery increasing its production all around the world, also these technologies is making the production of oil in America much more important than others in the world. Also, there is a greater focus than ever before on the impact of energy production and consumption, in this case oil. Some nations like the UK and the US have very ambitious goals in which they are looking to begin the construction of new nuclear plants that are safer than the older models this will bring a more cost-effective oil. To accomplish this the oil companies have to invest a huge amount of money so they require a large amount of government subsidies and loans to encourage the investment. This has been difficult because the governments have struggle with large deficits and debts so their willingness to back new projects has been difficult in the last years. Despite all of this the supply of oil has been steady. Better science, technology and engineering are being applied to exploration, production and conservation...
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...CWTS Assignment Submitted by: Vincent Sanchez BS – Accountancy 8 dead after Christmas Day fires in Philippines MANILA, PHILIPPINES, December 25, 2012 Authorities in the Philippines say at least eight people are dead after two separate Christmas Day fires in the capital region. One of the blazes left about 1,500 people homeless when it razed their shantytown. Arson investigator Rosendo Cabillan says a pre-dawn fire on Tuesday razed two apartment buildings in Quezon City, a Manila suburb. A veterinarian and six household members died after they were trapped inside. Fire officer Noel Binwag says another blaze in suburban San Juan city hours earlier destroyed shanties of about 1,500 people. http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/8-dead-after-christmas-day-fires-in-philippines/article4238380.ece 3 Fires Hit Metro Manila March 19, 2012 MANILA, Philippines — Two fires hit residential areas in Quezon City and San Juan the other night.A fire hit a residential area in Don Antonio Heights, Quezon City. The fire reportedly started at 10:15 p.m.Rudy Padirao, 37, sustained burns on both arms as he went back inside their burning house to salvage some of their valuables. Witnesses told fire probers that the injured victim and his family had already exited their house safely but went back inside.Some 25 houses were destroyed by the fire which reached the 5th alarm and was placed under control at around 10:30 p.m. As a result, 75 families were rendered homeless. Firemen...
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...HISTORIA DEL GRUPO PROTEXA GRUPO PROTEXA FUE FUNDADO EN 1945 POR DON HUMBERTO LOBO VILLARREAL, SE INICIO EN LA PRODUCCION Y APLICACION DE PRODUCTOS IMPERMEABILIZANTES PARA USO RESIDENCIAL E INDUSTRIAL EN MONTERREY. DURANTE ESE TIEMPO EL SR. LOBO DETECTO UNA NUEVA OPORTUNIDAD DE MERCADO PARA LA PROTECCION ANTICORROSIVA EN TUBERIAS DE PETROLEOS MEXICANOS (PEMEX). EN 1950 PROTEXA SE INCORPORO A LA INDUSTRIA DE LA CONSTRUCCION PARA DESARROLLAR EL NEGOCIO DE TENDIDO DE TUBERIA EN MEXICO. PROTEXA GANO SU PRIMER CONTRATO INTERNACIONAL EN 1966: EL OLEODUCTO DE CALDAS EN COLOMBIA, PARA PETROQUIMICA COLOMBIANA DEL PACIFICO. EN OCTUBRE DE 1969 SE GANO EL PRIMER CONTRATO OFFSHORE CON PEMEX: LA CONSTRUCCION DE DOS LINEAS REALIZADAS EN ASOCIACION CON "SANTA FE OFFSHORE". EN 1973 SE REALIZO LA ADQUISICION DEL PRIMER BARCO PARA TENDIDO DE LINEAS: EL “OLMECA”. SE INICIARON LAS OPERACIONES EN LA BAHIA DE CAMPECHE EN JUNIO DE 1977. FUE ENTONCES CUANDO PROTEXA REALIZO LA ADQUISICION DE EQUIPO DE PERFORACION COSTAFUERA. EN 1979 SE REALIZO UNA "JOINT VENTURE" CON McDERMOTT; NACIO ASI "CONSTRUCCIONES MARITIMAS MEXICANAS, S.A. DE C.V."; Y SE ADQUIRIERON LOS BARCOS "HUASTECO", "TOLTECA" Y "MIXTECO"; ADEMAS DEL BARCO DE POSICIONAMIENTO DINAMICO “TARASCO”, PRIMERO DE SU CLASE EN MEXICO. EN LOS OCHENTAS PROTEXA BUSCO NUEVOS MERCADOS Y REALIZO PROYECTOS TALES COMO: LA CONSTRUCCION DE CARRETERAS, PRESAS PARA LA COMISION FEDERAL DE ELECTRICIDAD Y COMISION...
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...Week 13 Journal Sustainable growth, sometimes referred to as sustainability, was defined by the Brundtland Commission (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) as Economic Growth that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” For decades, GDP and growth in GDP were widely accepted as the measure of economic and well-being. However, this growth has also been accompanied by increased damages to the socio-economic systems. The notion of sustainable growth is a topic high on the international policy agenda, especially given the rise of China, India and other developing countries whose use of the world’s resources increases significantly each year. The major problem for developing countries focus on sustainability is the cost of slowing down development process and loses the opportunity of becoming convergence with the mainstream economy. It is still being discussed whether or not the tradeoff between sustainability and development is a cost worth making. Economic sustainability is dependent on the following conditions; 1) the rate of decline of non-renewable resources, 2) the excess rate of harvest of renewable resources, 3) the assimilative capacity of nature to absorb waste and, 4) pollution reducing technology and capital1. According to Stern’s review paper, the benefits of strong, early action on climate change can outweigh the costs in the development process as the “next 10 or 20 years can have...
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...2015 EMPRESAS PÚBLICAS PROFESOR MONTES DE OCA UAM-A 2015 EMPRESAS PÚBLICAS PROFESOR MONTES DE OCA UAM-A Comisión Federal de Electricidad Comisión Federal de Electricidad INTEGRANTES Castillo Alejandro García León Tiare Nissi Hernández Sánchez Karina Rodríguez Olguín Ana Karen Sánchez Gómez Brenda Lilia INTEGRANTES Castillo Alejandro García León Tiare Nissi Hernández Sánchez Karina Rodríguez Olguín Ana Karen Sánchez Gómez Brenda Lilia Índice Introducción sobre la empresa CFE 2 Orígenes y Antecedentes de CFE 4 Misión visión y objetivos 8 Capitalismo, Globalización y reformas 10 Estado, Gobierno y la Administración Pública y empresas publicas 20 Actualidad de la empresa 22 Situación económica y financiera 28 Situación Social y Política 42 Principales problemas de CFE 52 Conclusiones 59 Bibliografía 60 Introducción sobre la empresa CFE Objetivo General de las Empresas Públicas Una empresa pública es aquella la cual su capital proviene del estado y por lo tanto este es dueño de ellas. Las empresas públicas son creadas por decreto y su objetivo es la satisfacción de necesidades comunes a través de la concesión de servicios públicos y su actuación tiene regulación legal. La empresa pública precisa conocer claramente cuáles son los objetivos de índole social que se esperan lograr mediante su actuación, qué va a recibir por atender a esa finalidad y qué indicadores van a ser utilizados por la sociedad para medir los logros que...
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...The Energy Reform will allow our country to develop in the energy section, without privatizing the enterprises that are in charge of providing electric energy or petroleum. The main objectives of this reform are: • Mexico will remain owner of the petroleum that exists in its underground. • Modernize and strengthen CFE and PEMEX, while remaining public. • Allow the nation have control over its electric system, this in order to reduce electricity cost. • Have plenty stocks of energizers at better prices. • Encourage the development with a social responsibility and taking care of the environment. • Attract investments towards the Mexican energy sector in order to promote the countries development. In comparison to U.S.A, the electricity bills are 73% more expensive here than there. This represents a great obstacle for economic development in our country because electricity is necessary in the industrial, commercial and service areas. One reason for this to happen may be the fact that there is a great lack of investments in this particular service. Regarding the distribution, now a days there are significant inefficiencies. The losses of energy in Mexico are almost twice the average of other OCDE countries. Above 21% of the produce energy by CFE is not paid. New Model Characteristics Constitutional Article 27: It is established that the planning and control of the national electric system, such as the transfer...
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...MNEs registered and based in the world’s emerging markets. To do this I take as the relevant population the world’s 500 largest firms, ranked by total revenues, as compiled annually in the Fortune Global 500. This entire set of 500 firms (most of which are MNEs) was analyzed in Rugman (2005). In that study the focus was on an examination of data on the regional sales of MNEs from the “broad” triad markets of Europe, North America, and the Asia Pacific, which accounts for nearly all of the 500 firms. The total number of MNEs from the “core” triad of the EU, United States, and Japan in from emerging markets are mainly from Asia Pacific. Only two are from Europe, the Russian firms (Gazpron and Lukoil). Another 3 are from the Americas (Pemex and Carso Global Telecom from Mexico, and one oil firm from Venezuela). In contrast, there are 12 firms from the Republic of Korea. Another 12 are from China with another 2 from Taiwan, one from Singapore, and one from Malaysia. Table 3 here Relatively few of the set of 32 MNEs from emerging economies in year 2001 provide data on the geographic dispersion of their sales. Using the 2001 data and the methodology in Rugman (2005), the following facts emerge. First, five South Korean firms provide data which show that all of them are home-region oriented. For example, POSCO has 91.9% of its sales in Asia Pacific, while Hyundai Motor has 81.6% of its sales in Asia Pacific and 18.1% in North America. The remaining three Korean firms are...
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...Value Chain of the Oil and Gas Industry Main Suppliers Production: Top Natural Gas Producers -Russia -Canada (Sands) -Iran*** -Norway -Algeria -Indonesia -Saudi Arabia -Turkmenistan -Malaysia Production: Top Natural Gas Producers -Russia -Canada (Sands) -Iran*** -Norway -Algeria -Indonesia -Saudi Arabia -Turkmenistan -Malaysia Production: Top Oil Producers * Saudi Arabia * Russia*** * U.A.E * Canada * Venezuela * Kuwait * Nigeria * Mexico * China * Iran Production: Top Oil Producers * Saudi Arabia * Russia*** * U.A.E * Canada * Venezuela * Kuwait * Nigeria * Mexico * China * Iran Oil (*** top producer) Natural Gas (*** top producer) OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries- aim in the oil and gas industry is to shift the bargaining power from the large oil companies to the producing countries Member Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezula OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries- aim in the oil and gas industry is to shift the bargaining power from the large oil companies to the producing countries Member Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezula Preference Major Competitors IOC’s (Integrated Oil Companies)- companies that...
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...Petrolera Royal Dutch Shell: * Historial de ventas: Ganancias totales por año. 2007: $27.6 billones. 2008: $31.4 billones un crecimiento del 16% por acción comparado con el 2007. 2009: $9.8 billones un decrecimiento del 69% por acción vs. El 2008. 2010: $18.6 billones un crecimiento del 90% por acción comparado con el año anterior. 2011: $28.6 billones. 2012: $27 billones. 2013 (Segundo cuarto): 12.4 billones. * Innovación: Shell ha sido pionero en tecnología durante más de 100 años. Los más de 45,000 ingenieros y técnicos impulsan la innovación que se necesita para alcanzar los desafíos energéticos del futuro. Geólogos, ingenieros y geofísicos se pueden conectar a través de sistemas 3D de realidad virtual, para trabajar simultáneamente sobre los mejores planes de desarrollo para los yacimientos petrolíferos alrededor del mundo. Shell es miembro también del consorcio que dirije el Centro Tecnológico Mongstad, Noruega, la instalación más grande del mundo para probar la tecnología de captura de dióxido de carbono CO2. Shell ha sido el mayor inversor en investigación y desarrollo entre las empresas petroleras durante los últimos cinco años. En 2011 dedicaron 1,1 mil millones de dólares a la investigación y desarrollo de tecnologías que se necesitan para producir una mayor cantidad de energía de una manera más limpia, así como combustibles y productos más eficientes para sus clientes. El programa GameChanger de Shell, invita a pensadores creativos para que compartan...
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...de empresas Públicas 1. CFE: Esta empresa se puede clasificar pública ya que pertenece al gobierno. Esta presta el servicio de electricidad en todo el país. Así como también esta tiene sus propias propiedades donde tiene sus plantas y oficinas donde esto forma parte de su patrimonio. Además esta toma sus propias decisiones en cuanto a sus funciones y administración. 2. IMSS: Esta empresa presta los servicios médicos a toda la población mexicana. Esta es clasificada como publica ya que pertenece al gobierno. Así como también esta tiene sus propias propiedades ya sean los hospitales y las pequeñas clínicas donde estas forman parte de su patrimonio. Además esta tiene sus propios derechos y obligaciones como empresa. 3. PEMEX: Esta empresa se puede clasificar pública ya que pertenece al gobierno. Esta fue creada para extraer el petróleo en...
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...Mexico and the United States The rise of Mexico In this special report • • • • • • • • • From darkness, dawn »Señores, start your engines Bureaucrats and backhanders A glimmer of hope The gain before the pain Stretching the safety net The ebbing Mexican wave The other American dream The 31 banana republics Sources & acknowledgements Reprints America needs to look again at its increasingly important neighbour Nov 24th 2012 | from the print edition NEXT week the leaders of North America’s two most populous countries are due to meet for a neighbourly chat in Washington, DC. The re-elected Barack Obama and Mexico’s president-elect, Enrique Peña Nieto, have plenty to talk about: Mexico is changing in ways that will profoundly affect its big northern neighbour, and unless America rethinks its outdated picture of life across the border, both countries risk forgoing the benefits promised by Mexico’s rise. The White House does not spend much time looking south. During six hours of televised campaign debates this year, neither Mr Obama nor his vice-president mentioned Mexico directly. That is extraordinary. One in ten Mexican citizens lives in the United States. Include their American-born descendants and you have about 33m people (or around a tenth of America’s population). And Mexico itself is more than the bloody appendix of American imaginations. In terms of GDP it ranks just ahead of South Korea. In 2011 the Mexican economy grew faster...
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