...AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS Act No. 3815 December 8, 1930 The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines Preliminary Article — This law shall be known as "The Revised Penal Code." BOOK ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING THE DATE OF ENFORCEMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE, AND REGARDING THE OFFENSES, THE PERSONS LIABLE AND THE PENALTIES Preliminary Title DATE OF EFFECTIVENESS AND APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE Article 1. Time when Act takes effect. — This Code shall take effect on the first day of January, nineteen hundred and thirty-two. Art. 2. Application of its provisions. — Except as provided in the treaties and laws of preferential application, the provisions of this Code shall be enforced not only within the Philippine Archipelago, including its atmosphere, its interior waters and maritime zone, but also outside of its jurisdiction, against those who: 1. Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship 2. Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the Philippine Islands or obligations and securities issued by the Government of the Philippine Islands;chan robles virtual law library 3. Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction into these islands of the obligations and securities mentioned in the presiding number; 4. While being public officers or employees, should commit an offense in the exercise of their functions; or 5. Should commit any of the crimes against national security and...
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...This case study references the Texas Penal Code Annotated (Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 42.09(a)(3), which penalizes such physical mistreatment of "a national flag" as Mr. Gregory Lee Johnson should know this incident could possibly offend some people and cause a lot of controversy as well. The state of Texas Legislative branch created this statue. The case study discussed the court case of the state of Texas versus Gregory Lee Johnson. This case was heard by three lower courts before it reached the United States Supreme Court. The first court was the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals which is deemed the highest court in the state of Texas, the Texas Court of Appeals, Fifth District and Dallas County Criminal Court. The United States Supreme Court’s decision on the case rendered the Texas statute invalid for the charges made against Gregory Lee Johnson however; the Court did grant Texas permission to make flag burning punishable by law in instances where it constitutes an actual danger or lawless action. Common law is defined as law that has been developed on the basis of preceding rulings by judges. Common law is by far and wide based on judgments made in the past over hundreds of years. Common law is also known as case law and is of two types – one where judgments passed become new laws where there are no statutes and the other where judges interpret the existing law and determines new boundaries and distinctions. Determination of common law for a particular...
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...peaceful society. Laws are essential in order to provide structure within a society and ensure that each individual’s rights are respected equally by protecting their basic rights and freedoms. Laws also aid in regulating the power and control of every individual by denying any unjust authority of one person over another. Every individual is expected to adhere to the law regardless of their role in society. Without laws, the world would be a chaotic place as society would ultimately degenerate into despotism; the rule of the strong and violent over the weak and nonviolent. While most laws are important to sustain peace in society, some laws are quite arbitrary and are under constant debate and scrutiny. One such law is the Texas Penal Codes 30.06, 46.03, and 46.035; which enforce restrictions in which a legal concealed handgun license (CHL) bearer can carry a weapon. These laws dictate what establishments a CHL holder cannot carry a handgun and it also provides the power and authority to a private property owner to deny entry of a CHL holder if he so chooses. Though some of the designated facilities listed in these charters do bear some reasonable ideology as to why a handgun cannot be carried on certain premises, such as places of religious worship and government activity, these laws highly deprive a legal CHL holder of their right to effectively protect themselves in the event of a violent crime. It is for that reason why these laws are in need of changing. Gun...
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...INFORMATIVO DERECHO TRIBUTARIO COMENTARIOS TRIBUTARIOS Decreto Legislativo Nº 1113 - Norma que modifica el TUO del Código Tributario Decreto Legislativo Nº 1113 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Fecha de publicación Fecha de vigencia : 05.07.2012 2. Artículo 45º – Interrupción de la prescripción Se presentan 3 cambios resaltantes que a continuación detallamos: a) Se establece como un supuesto de interrupción del plazo de prescripción, la notificación de cualquier acto de la Administración Tributaria dirigido al reconocimiento o regularización de la obligación tributaria o al ejercicio de la facultad de fiscalización para la determinación de la obligación tributaria. Sin embargo, se ha agregado como excepción, que no se interrumpirá el plazo de prescripción con aquellos actos que se notifiquen cuando la SUNAT, en el ejercicio de la citada facultad, realice un procedimiento de fiscalización parcial. Ello en virtud a que en dicho procedimiento, el plazo se suspende en virtud del literal f), numeral 1, del artículo 46º. Además, de acuerdo al último párrafo del artículo 46º, la suspensión tiene efecto sobre el aspecto del tributo y período que son materia de dicho procedimiento; sin embargo, respecto del tributo y periodo que no son fiscalizados, el plazo continuará su decurso. b) Además, se dispone que el plazo de prescripción de la acción para exigir el pago de la obligación tributaria se interrumpe por la notificación de la orden de pago. Cabe recordar que se...
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... In the beginning of our country, no legislature was enacted for immigration. However, with time, many laws have passed, which has impacted the immigrants entering the U.S. Even though, illegal immigration has become a big issue in the United States, people who are attempting to come in legally are affected. These fears affect many asylum seekers who are seeking refuge due to persecution in their own countries. Asylum seekers are being detained or deported, which at times is in violation of their human rights. Due to many injustices asylum seekers face, it is difficult for them to pursue refuge. The detaining of asylum seekers has become a growing concern within the United States. As stated by the Department of Homeland Security, “(DHS) detains thousands of noncitizens who pose no flight risk or threat to public safety while they are awaiting deportation proceedings” (Immigration Policy). However, detaining a person who has come to the U.S. to seek protection because their own country failed to provide it, constitutes a violation of human rights. Asylum seekers are individuals that have passed through traumatizing circumstances, in which they feel threatened or endangered. By having asylum seekers detained, it can ultimately drive them to edge in which can have a negative impact on the economy. The detention of asylum seekers comes at an economic price. “This costs the government over $2 billion each year” (Commission, W.R.). However, detention is not always necessary...
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...The strangers who came to stay Most people are aware of the fact that, the reason the Australians speak English is because the British colonized territory ‘Down Under’. Furthermore, it is widely known that the people who make up for the biggest part of the Australian population are Caucasian in contrast to the native inhabitants who are black. The people we call Australians today are of for the most part of British origin, as they either descent from prisoners who were shipped off to Australia, or they are descendants of free settlers, who ventured out to seek their fortune. This is the information that most non-British Europeans remembers about Australia from history lessons, if no further exploration into the matter is made. As a consequence it is often forgotten that this continent also is the home of the first people of the world. The fact that people lived in Australia more than 12000 years before there were humans in Europe is not fingertip knowledge, even though it could be argued that this information is of vital importance to knowing of the history of the human race. To illustrate how fleeting brief the history of the white people of Australia is compared with that of the black Aborigines; it is believed that the Aboriginals have lived in Australia for 1600 generations in contrast to the white people, who have only lived on the continent for 8 generations (f). The population of indigenous people of Australia has been estimated to have counted around 300.000 in number...
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...Código de ética CÓDIGO DE ÉTICA Son los propósitos de este Código enunciar los principios que deben guiar la actitud y la conducta del traductor público para el logro de los elevados fines morales, científicos y técnicos, dando al cuerpo profesional un conjunto de normas éticas cuyo cumplimiento garantice el honor y la probidad de los profesionales, evitando la competencia desleal y el ejercicio ilegal de la profesión, y contribuyendo en suma al ejercicio de la actividad del traductor público en un marco de total eficiencia y responsabilidad. Ámbito de aplicación Art. 1.- Estas normas son aplicables en el ejercicio de la profesión de Traductor Público, y de cumplimiento obligatorio para todos los profesionales matriculados en el Colegio de Traductores Públicos de la Provincia de Córdoba, de conformidad con lo establecido en la Ley Provincial 7843. Normas Generales Art. 2.- El ejercicio profesional debe ser consciente y digno, y la expresión de la verdad norma permanente de conducta. En ningún caso se debe utilizar la técnica para distorsionar la verdad. 1/8 Código de ética Art. 3.- Los compromisos entre el traductor y su cliente deberán hacerse por escrito, debiendo el profesional entregar comprobante firmado de las piezas o documentos que le sean entregados para su traducción. Tales compromisos profesionales son de estricto cumplimiento. Art. 4.- El profesional traductor debe actuar...
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...Early life before he came to Australia James Ruse was born on August 9,1759 in Launceston, Cornwall, England. James Ruse and his family lived on a farm and were pretty poor. He worked as a farmer. At the age of 23 James Ruse was sentenced to death for breaking into the house of Thomas Olive He stole 2 silver watches were valued at 5 pounds. They changed his capital sentence and he was transported to Africa for 7 years. During the next 5 years James Ruse was to spend a lot of his time in the hulk Dunkirk at Plymouth while the government was searching for ways to solve the convict problem. When it was established to send a boat to Australia for the convicts or free settlers, James Ruse was sent out with the first fleet in 1787. James Ruse ended being the first convict who set foot on Australian soil. This was because he chosen by a naval officer to carry him on his back as the Naval officer did not want to get his boots wet. Life in Australia For 2 years he was a convict in Australia. James Ruse claimed that the sentence he was given was now expired and therefore asked Governor Arthur Phillip for a land grant. Governor Arthur Phillip did not believe that James Ruse was entitled to his freedom as there was not enough evidence and so did not give him a land grant, however he did let him work on the land, but not take ownership of it until he proved himself as a famer and once he did this, would then be able obtain his freedom. The reason the governor did this was partly because...
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...Nation Report: Part 2 - Australia Dana Terry-Pettigrew Global Issues | HUMN305-E2WW (W15) Professor Suzie Arehart 24 Jan 2015 Nation Report: Part 2 - Australia Australia is unique in that it is the smallest continent in the world, that is also a single country. This predominantly Christian nation is located in the Southern Hemisphere, southeast of Asia and bordered by the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Approximately the same size as the mainland Unites States, Australia boasts a current population of approximately 22.5 million people. English is the primary language spoken in this country that started out as a British penal colony. Migration/Immigration Issues http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/top-10-2014-issue-3-border-controls-under-challenge-new-chapter-opens http://www.iom.int/cms/en/sites/iom/home/news-and-views/press-briefing-notes/pbn-2014b/pbn-listing/iom-prepares-migrants-for-life-i.html Australia accused of hypocrisy. (2015, January 26). Age [Melbourne, Australia], p. 2. Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited. Retrieved from http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&source=gale&idigest=1a97b077f8b4b28683d3e0c4440991d3&prodId=GIC&userGroupName=colu29131&tabID=T004&docId=A398699172&type=retrieve&PDFRange=%5B%5D&contentSet=IAC-Documents&version=1.0 http://0-www.countrywatch.com.olinkserver.franklin.edu/cw_topic.aspx?type=text&vcountry=9&topic=POFOR http://0-www.countrywatch.com.olinkserver.franklin.edu/cw_topic...
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...Role and Functions of Law Paper LAW/421 - Contemporary Business Law 30 de julio de 2012 Role and Functions of Law Paper La Ley juega un papel importante en el buen funcionamiento de los negocios y la sociedad. La ley regula el comportamiento social, lo que conduce a una sociedad a funcionar de manera eficiente. La ley también suministra las normas de éticas y las expectativas, de igual abarca las normas de conducta, las medidas para hacer cumplir esas normas, y un medio de solución de controversias. Otras funciones de la ley incluyen: mantenimiento de la paz; comprobar el poder del gobierno y la promoción de la libertad personal, facilitar la planificación y la realización de las expectativas razonables, la promoción del crecimiento económico a través de la libre competencia, la promoción de la justicia social y la protección del medio ambiente (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers y Langvardt) . Es importante señalar que sin leyes que rigen las acciones de las personas y las empresas, la sociedad no sería capaz de funcionar eficazmente, y el comercio probablemente se vendría abajo. Aunque las funciones generales de la ley parece ser bastante simple, el ordenamiento jurídico de los Estados Unidos es en realidad muy complejo. Las leyes se dividen en varios tipos diferentes. Estos son La Constitución, el Legislativo, el Derecho Común y las Leyes Administrativas. Constitucional La Constitución es la ley primordial, porque establece los principios fundamentales de un gobierno ya sea...
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...Prior to the 1800’s Women’s prison really did not exist. Prisons were all coed with women serving their sentence right next to the men and with the children. Women were expected and did perform “hard labor” just like the men. Work that women performed in the prison system were things like cooking, sewing and the laundry for the facility. The women were to preserve their image of a lady but worked just as hard as their counterparts. Women often complained that they were not being fed enough because society said, “ladies do not eat that much” but were being worked harder than the men. One inside of prison was lucky to be fed on a daily basis, and they were fed inside the cell, with the food just being pushed inside their cell. Bathroom facilities really did not exist. They were often just buckets that one would have to use and did not get emptied on a regular basis. Showers consisted of using a bucket to wash yourself as best you could. This caused a lot of sickness and disease, not to mention the stench. Today prisoners are not forced to work and are fed 3 meals a day inside of a cafeteria like atmosphere. Prisoners that do get to perform work are called “trustees”. This is an earned privilege that prisoner request and is granted if qualified by the staff. They are given proper medical attention and also have showers and toilets. Children were later separated from the adults for 3 different reasons. First and foremost, children being placed with adults were taken advantage...
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...north. Eventually they reached Moreton Bay where they were cared for by local Aboriginals. Later on in that year while exploring Moreton Bay for possible penal settlements, John Oxley, surveyor general came across the convicts, it was Finnegan who acted as a guide when Oxley navigated the same large flowing river which he named the Brisbane River after the Governor General.(Fig 1) By 1824 the Moreton Bay penal settlement had been established and Oxley had returned to Brisbane from Sydney and along with Lieutenant Butler and botanist Allan Cunningham explored and surveyed the Brisbane River.( Fig 2) On the 19th September Oxley observed a large creek or stream which branched off from the Brisbane River. Oxley’s party continued with their journey upstream until they could go no further as the water levels were too low. On their return journey the Europeans saw a group of Indigenous Australians who upon discovery retreated into the bush. Oxley and his party examined their belongings, which included weapons and baskets but took nothing hoping to reassure the locals that they meant no harm or disrespect. That night they camped on the riverbank opposite the tributary which they had discovered earlier. Oxley named this the Bremer River, again after another prominent European Sir James Bremer who had months earlier established a penal colony in Northern Australia. (Buchanan: 2009). Rather than venture further up the Bremer River Oxley and his party returned to Brisbane. (Fig 3) Three years...
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...LEYES Y REGULACIONES SUJETAS A LA GERENCIA DE FINANZAS 1. La Empresa i. Descripción del Negocio LA CIA SAC es una empresa dedicada a la prestación de servicios de informática que fue creada en 1,997. Bajo este principio, LA CIA se ha convertido en la opción inteligente de muchas empresas a través sus áreas de negocios: Seguridad y autenticación Integración de Aplicaciones Representación de soluciones Soluciones de Negocio a la medida Soporte ( vía Outsourcing ) de tecnología Internet ii. Estructura de la empresa La Cia, como persona jurídica es una sociedad anónima cerrada 2. Leyes y Regulaciones: i. Marco Empresarial La mayor parte de las decisiones empresariales se miden en términos financieros. La importancia de la función administrativa financiera para La Cia depende del tamaño de la empresa, en compañías pequeñas, la función financiera la desempeña la gerencia de administración y finanzas la cual está integrada por el área de tesorería, presupuestos, planeamiento y control de gestión y contabilidad y recursos humanos. La gerencia financiera se ocupa de mantener la solvencia de la empresa, obteniendo los flujos de caja necesarios para satisfacer las obligaciones y circulantes necesarios para lograr los objetivos de la empresa y en vez de reconocer los ingresos y los gastos como lo hace el contador, este los reconoce con respecto a entradas y salidas de efectivo. Entre sus principales funciones podemos mencionar las siguientes: ...
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...Development of Corrections Lisa Harbin CJS/230 Stephen Slaughter Development of Corrections Up until the late 1800s, women were confined with men. There were no women prisons. They may not have been put in the same cells but their daily activities, so to speak, with the men. The women had to do hard labor just as the men had to do. They would be responsible for cooking, cleaning, sewing, and laundry. They were also subject to sexual abuse by the male inmates as well as the male guards. Many of the women survived prison by becoming prostitutes. Women prisons have changed quite a bit over the years. “Elizabeth Fry began her work to reform the conditions of English women’s prisons in 1816, the reformatory movement, and the United States developed later in the mid-nineteenth century. Prisons for women then diverged into two directions, custodial institutions and the reformatory” (law.jrank.org).There were also children that were sentenced to the same prisons men and women were in. In the 1800s there were three basic arguments established to support juveniles being separated from adult prisoners. The first argument was that the penitentiary regimen was too hard on tender youth. Second, juveniles would learn bad or worse behavior from older inmates and be embittered by the experience of confinement. The last argument was that adolescents could be reformed if they were diverted early enough into institutions designed specifically for people their age. If there...
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...· ¿Qué es la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente?La Ley de Responsabilidad Penal Adolescente, N 20.084, es una normativa que establece un sistema especial de justicia penal para los jóvenes mayores de 14 años y menores de 18 años y que entrará en vigencia el próximo 8 de junio. Dicha ley tiene como propósito reformar radicalmente la respuesta del Estado ante los actos que revisten carácter de crimen o simple delito cuando ellos son cometidos por personas menores de 18 años de edad. | · ¿Qué pasará a partir del 8 de junio con los menores de edad que cometen algún delito?Desde el 8 de junio próximo toda persona entre 14 y 18 años será imputable penalmente, esto quiere decir que cualquiera sea la condición social y económica del adolescente que cometa un delito, podrá ser procesado y eventualmente condenado. | · ¿Qué pasará con el trámite de discernimiento?La nueva ley termina con la polémica figura del discernimiento, que actualmente obliga al juez a someter a exámenes a los menores entre 16 y 18 años para determinar si tienen conocimiento de lo que estaban haciendo en el momento de cometer la infracción a la ley penal. Con el nuevo sistema, todos los adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años podrán ser sujetos de responsabilidad penal. | · ¿Por qué es tan importante esta nueva ley?En primer término, porque crea un sistema jurídico especializado en adolescentes -lo que hasta ahora no existía- que los considera como personas en desarrollo, es decir, es un sistema diseñado según...
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