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Submitted By emily1371
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[實驗報告]

一、實驗介紹

(1) 硬化能試驗

1.實驗目的 : 利用Jominy端面淬火繪出所測材料硬化能曲線以了解及量測鋼的硬化能,並評估合 金成分。
2.實驗原理 :
---鋼的硬化能(Harden ability) : 將鋼由沃斯田鐵相淬火熱處理所得到硬化深度之量測。 在工業用途上,硬化能為選用材料的一項重要依據,一般來說,50%麻田散鐵和50%波來鐵相的位置,作為鋼在淬火後,測定其硬化能的標準。

--影響硬化能的因素:

A.合金成份:除了碳影響很大之外其他元素,如: Mn,Mo,P,Cr,Si,Ni,Cu,B亦會影響鋼材的硬化。

B.沃斯田鐵晶粒大小:晶粒愈小表示晶界就愈多,初析肥粒鐵或波來鐵易形成(異質成核)導致硬度下降。

C.淬火情況 : 若溫度太高冷卻時間會較長→較易生成細波來鐵or變靭鐵導致硬化能下降。

3.實驗方法 :
分別取鋼料(S45C,S65C,SCM440)在爐內升溫施以正常化處理,持溫一段時間後,將試棒由爐內取出,迅速(5秒內)將試棒放置在淬火架上立即噴水(水溫5~30°C);待試棒冷卻後,在試棒180°對應兩側全長磨兩平面,並在兩側磨平處自淬火端起1.5,3,5,7,9,11,13,15mm及其後每隔5mm的各點量測Rockwell(洛氏)硬度值,最後將測得的硬度值做為Y軸,距淬火端距離為X軸,繪出材料的硬化能曲線。

4.所需材料 : S45C、S65C、SCM440三種材料試棒。

(2) 沖蝕磨耗實驗

1. 實驗目的 :本實驗的目的在於了解金屬材料的固體顆粒沖擊(Solid impingment)與窩蝕(Cavitation erosion)沖蝕行為,比較金屬材料機械性質變化對其沖蝕行為的影響。

2. 實驗原理 :

材料的沖蝕機構,可歸納為延性沖蝕及脆性沖蝕兩種模式,若沖蝕砂粒是以微切削(micro-cutting)、鏟挖(scratching)等塑性變形的方式進行材料的消耗,是為延性沖蝕,本實驗屬此種形式;若耗損是由撞擊應力引起的微裂紋(micro-crack),並伴隨裂紋的延伸過程所造成,則屬於脆性沖蝕。該沖蝕強度與衝擊角度、砂質、砂形及靶材性質間關係密切。

當低衝擊角度時以斜向剪切應力為主,而當角度增加轉為高衝擊角度時,則以反覆作用的正向壓應力為主,此時沖蝕不再藉單一的機構發生,而是以局部塑性變形的方式,產生所謂的變形磨耗(deformation wear)。

3. 實驗方法 :
試片採用S45C碳鋼材質,外型加工成平板狀,進行沖蝕試驗時,夾緊在試片槽上,以防止試驗進行時的振動造成試片鬆動或脫落。將所有參數固定,只改變衝擊角度,以觀察衝擊角度對重量損失的變化。

4.所需材料 : 砂300g、S45C碳鋼平板試片(2 cm×2.5 cm×0.2 cm) 五片

二、結果與討論

(1) 硬化能試驗

* S45C 距離 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 硬度 | 63.5 | 51 | 42.5 | 39.5 | 36 | 37.5 | 33.5 | 34 | 31 | 31.5 | 27.5 | 26.5 | 24.5 | 31 | 21 | 15 | 19 |

* S65C 距離 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.0 | | 硬度 | 64.5 | 45.5 | 52 | 63 | 55 | 57 | 53 | 51.5 | 48.5 | 53.5 | 43 | 58.5 | 45 | 49 | 45 | 47 | |

圖(距離vs硬度)

由圖中曲線可看出,S45C 與 S65C 兩者的初始值差不多,
且大略都是隨著距離增加,硬度有下降的趨勢,但硬度 S65C 幾乎都大於 S45C ,
可能是因為S65C中含碳量較多所致。

(2) 沖蝕磨耗實驗

沖蝕角度 | 初質量(g)

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