...Proverbial truth; a stitch in time saves nine. • Historical truth; ww1 lasted from 1914- 1918. Truth can be communicated in various ways such as verbally, with actions, with facial expression, images, writing, formal, explanation, and discussion. • Recognise truth in sacred scripture. Scientific: People who wrote the bible had little knowledge about science, like they thought the world was flat. Biblical account of how the world was created differs from the scientific version. Writers were concerned with religious truth not science. When looking behind the inaccurate scientific theories you find it expresses a truth about God, people and their relationship. Historical: The bible contains some historical truth, but the information is not like the recounts in textbooks. The stories from the bible were passed on by generations, they were told so the listener heard the religious truth, not necessarily the facts. The gospels are reliable historical records, but they are presented in different ways. It is religious history, not accurate recounts of dates and events. The Bible is not to be read as a history book. Symbolic: The religious truth in the bible is told in symbols. We have to read behind the symbols to find the meaning. Example eve and the talking snake, it’s not that a snake could talk but a symbol for the devil trying to worm its way into the human heart. The garden is a symbol for all that God gives us. The symbolic meaning behind this story is about the struggle...
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...Theory Critique of Crabb and Hawkins Kaitlin Clark Liberty University Summary In life we all experience situations and scenarios that are hard to cope with and with them they bring about problems and challenges. No one in the world is immune to these problems, however it is these problems we face that help us to mature as individuals. Nevertheless, the way that people approach their difficulties varies. Some people live in fear, other feel that since they have created their problems they are the only one who can fix it, and some believe that their problems are not from anything they have done but a product of their environment. According to Crabb our reactions to difficult life experiences take on one of three forms: guild, resentment, or anxiety (Crabb, 1977). Furthermore Crabb (1977) believes that many of our problems in life are simply the way we interpret our experiences. People who can have positive feelings towards situations are able to cope with their problems in a healthy way. And people who negatively view their experiences are more likely to fight guilt, resentment and anxiety. This is where counselors come in, for simple problems the counselor can just be a friend they do not need to be a professional simply someone who can listen and help sort out life experiences and offer simple advice. However, for the larger problems a professional counselor is needed. Dr. Crabb wrote Effective Biblical Counseling in an attempt to bridge the gap between psychology...
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...Throughout the history of the United States, people’s views on government have changed. During the colonial times, puritans were a strictly ran society that used the bible as the rule book. Puritan writers wrote nonfiction pieces about God. When the Declaration of Independence was being drafted, deism took over with their rational and logical approach to government. Like the puritans, they wrote literary works composed of nonfiction and free will. Lastly, the transcendentalist believed that there should not be any government. There literature consisted of nature and individualism. The canonical literature created by some of the celebrated writers in the United States shows a decline of government intrusion in people's lives. First of all,...
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...REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE PACO 507 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY JOHN M. SIMMS PHOENIX, ARIZONA JULY 04, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................2 Summary of Material………………………………...........................................................3 Practical Application…………………………....................................................................7 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………….............8 Introduction – Goal of Biblical Counseling David Powlison has developed a biblical theology of biblical counseling with the foundation of this counseling style being the Bible as God’s authoritative word. Powlison believes that the Bible is sufficient to provide the basic framework for the counselor in addressing every problem in any area of life. Powlison is quoted as saying, “it becomes clearer and clearer that Scripture is about counseling: diagnostic categories, causal explanations of behavior and emotion, interpretation of external sufferings and influences, definitions of workable solutions, character of the counselor, goals for the counseling process…These are all matters to which God speaks directly, specifically, and frequently. He calls us to listen attentively, to think hard and well, and to develop our practical theology of conversational ministry” (Powlison 2010, 102). A biblical counseling movement emerged in the late 1960’s and...
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...Historically, the bible is considered to be the world’s best seller and most distributed book. Its teaching is widely accepted and often considered the source for all morality. However, it also was written 3,500 years ago. Therefore, today, in 2018, our society is arranged completely different than when Jesus Christ walked the Earth. Although the bible can’t always be applied to contemporary social issues, it still can be a guideline for most walks of life. For example, in John Donahue’s book, Seek Justice that You May Live, he explains how in Economic Justice for All, The U.S. bishops “recognize the difficulty of bringing the bible to bear on complex economic and social issues,” (6). However, in this document, the bishops highlight many themes from the Bible that should be applied to...
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...Christianity has been challenged since the beginning of time. The western culture is taking over the world. With all the different worldviews making their way into people’s lives it is causing a ripple effect in changing one’s beliefs. While we must stand firm in what the Bible teaches us there will always be non-believers. As Christians, we should appreciate the cultural diversity but should argue right and wrong. Based on objective standards, as an idealist, it is important to judge action not by what works but by what ought to be. Believers understand that there will never be heaven on earth. Heaven can only be fulfilled by God. Therefore, law and institution must control the malicious and chaos in the world. By reading the scripture, Christians...
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...“America will never be destroyed from the outside. If we falter and lose our freedom, it will be because we destroyed ourselves.” -Abraham Lincoln. In Benjamin Banneker’s critical letter to Thomas Jefferson, Banneker supports his point by contradicting Jefferson's beliefs regarding slavery. Banneker uses two main rhetorical strategies to support his claim. The first strategy focuses on an appeal to patriotism while the second focuses on an appeal to religion. Banneker focuses on using religious ideals that reflect many people's ideas, values, and morals. He persuades Jefferson further by referencing direct quotes from some of our nation's most important founding documents. By combining these ideas and contradicting Jefferson, Banneker creates a powerful and convincing argument. As exemplified in the first half of his essay, Banneker uses strong political arguments and primary sources to support his main idea. He challenges Jefferson's own beliefs when he states, “You cannot but acknowledge that the present freedom and tranquility which you enjoy you have mercifully received and that is the peculiar blessing of heaven” (Banneker 11). Banneker uses founding ideals of the United States to...
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...capable Counselors” By Dr. Larry Crabb I. Introduction Christian Counselors should always be looking for assistance with the development of higher levels of competency by examining the content, comprehensiveness, and validity of a variety of counseling theories developed by prominent Christian counselors.[1] Ron Hawkins teaches that “Christian counselor help people to see their problems and then see how to get of problems. Contributions by various Christian Counselor’s and authors like, Dr. Larry Crabb will equip other Christian counselors to help people solve the various problems they find themselves in.”[2] “Dr. Larry Crabb teaches that “God has ordained the local church to be His primary instrument to tend to his people's aches and pains.” He lays out a counseling plan for the local church to use in his book, Effective Biblical Counseling: a Model for Helping Caring Christians Become Capable Counselors[3] Larry Crabb is a well-known psychologist,...
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...Jacques Ellul Jacques Ellul was a French philosopher and critical theorist born in Bordeaux France in 1912. He grew up in poor living conditions, however received a good education in the public schools, entering the University of Bordeaux at age 17. It was during this time that Ellul had an epiphany with God, where he believed he felt His presence, and since declared himself a Christian. Ellul’s other influences growing up were his father, World War II, and especially Karl Marx. Ellul is most famous for publishing thousands of books and articles on technology and propaganda, topics that were both popular in the midst of war. Author’s such as C.S. Lewis, and Aldus Huxley touched on such ideas, because of the fascination over Germany and Socialism. Ellul touched on a number of subjects through his lifetime, including politics, theology, propaganda, and technology. Like most theorists who study Marx, Ellul was very critical of power and institution. Following the second World War, Ellul served as a French Councilman in the government, but quickly resigned realizing he was too critical of the Left as well as the Right. He preferred to take no side, but later developed the ideologies of the Ecumenical movement, defined as seeing the Church as the larger establishment, and how everyone can come to common spiritual terms. Ellul has a very distinct interpretation of Church and State, one he called Christian Anarchism. He believed the two to function separately-Christianity...
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... Searching for Answers Its reputation so grand, that hardly anyone doubts its authenticity. A book so old, yet few ask of its origin. All we are told is that its author is God. In some cases, it is all a civilization has ever known. To believe in the Bible in our era with so little proof and evidence seems difficult to many of us. Apparently, faith is stronger, and it’s what keeps religion alive. But there has to be something beyond that. Something that’s more reliable and firm. That is why we search for answers. Unfortunately, faith isn’t always enough. The four main gospels in the Bible that we know of are those of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. What most of us don’t know is that these weren’t the only ones written. Imagine the amount of people in that era who decided to write about Jesus’ trials. His life was recorded by thousands of followers across the land. A tale so interesting and compelling, but it was scattered and unorganized because people’s accounts on facts and occurrences differed. The word spread and about 300 years after the crucifixion of Christ, the number of his followers had multiplied which led to Christianity becoming a major movement throughout Eastern Europe. The Bible wasn’t a published book until someone with enough power and a clever plan got their hands on the loose pages that were the gospels. You may know him as Constantine the Great. He was the current Roman Emperor in 325 A.D. Few know that in his day, Rome’s official religion...
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...marvelled at the important role of the shepherd plays, guiding helpless, defenceless sheep that generally cannot fend for themselves. It’s interesting that in many ways, to maximize the productivity of a company and its people, a good leader should also be a dependable, responsible shepherd. Leaders who serve as shepherds are known for having (1) Unwavering Commitment (2) Unquestioned Familiarity and (3) Unshakeable Priorities. For some, leadership means completely controlling what subordinates do. These leaders like to micro-manage, insisting on knowing and managing every detail. Others prefer a more hands-off, delegating approach. While there is not one particular style that is ideal for all leaders, there is something to be said about the leader who empowers those that work for him. There are two other related observations from the Bible about leadership: (1) Leaders Maintain Awareness of their Follower’s Needs. For employees to perform maximum effectiveness, leaders should see to it that their basic needs are met such as: adequate compensation, suitable working environment, sufficient assistance for complex projects, clear communication from leadership, and sensitivity to personal issues they may be confronting. (2) Leaders Provide Stability in Turbulent Times. When leadership is weak, confusion results and can lead to chaos, when there is a leadership vacuum, anyone can step in. A strong leader clarifies the company’s direction and goals, so those who follow can...
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...As a Christian and a believer of God, I must defend my belief as said in the Bible in 1 Peter 3: 15-16 (NRSV), “but in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord. Always be ready to make your defense to anyone who demands from you an accounting for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and reverence.” In my philosophical perspective, theism could be the most plausible world view. The theist approach to a plausible world view can be shown through Frank Truek. Truek said that there are four reasons or questions that proves the theism belief. Does truth exist? Does God exist? Are miracles true? Is the New Testament reliable and therefore the Bible true (following the third question)? Truth exist since if someone claims that “there is no truth” then that statement must be true and therefore a self-defeating statement. God exist includes the teleological argument where the design is too ordered and the idea of the argument of motion from Aquinas’ 5 proofs of the existence of God. Miracles are true since the greatest miracle of the bible is the first verse in Genesis 1 (which proves to be true in the last 2 questions) means that all miracles could be possible. The New Testament is reliable and Truek explains the “Embarrassing Details” of the men who wrote the...
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...these stories always end tragically as the superior being is always overthrown and brought back to where they came from, or worse. Throughout both novels, discrimination is exhumed by the main characters of the novels The Poisonwood Bible, Grendel, and Beowulf. In The Poisonwood Bible, Nathan Price can be seen patronizing himself because of his religion and physical being. On the other hand, the Geats from Beowulf and Grendel set themselves as worthier individuals because of their combat skills....
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...whole man. The author stated that all truth is God’s and everything that he made was good. Psychology is the study of human behavior and theology is the study of religion; both perspectives are disciplines that are learned. Integration will allow a better understanding of human behavior which neither perspective can do along. Since the Christian faith could not support man along, the mentally challenged suffered. Critics stated that the Christian faith did not keep Bible law concerning love and acceptance of homosexuality; the faith didn’t have the science or intellect to cure sickness, distorted perceptions and mental defects. Sin brought the fall of man and brokenness; yet, science through testings, assumptions, methods, experiments and discoveries were needed to fully care for humans; a holistic approach was needed to cure man. The Church was challenged to provide supreme knowledge to care for souls which lead to many new worldviews which were made up of disciplines that governed people’s lives. These worldviews have Enemies and Allies which were obstacles to integration. The Church accepted psychological perspectives to help the mentally ill; they vacillated in their belief and had attitudes towards the scriptures; this is why the work to restore man could not be done alone through the Church. Moreover, in order for psychology and theology to be combined, there must be experts to form combined disciplines. The question is, where do we find such capable and...
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...Muhlenberg College. His investigative work into the interpretations of the first three chapters of the most famous book in the world, the Bible, gives the reader insight into the environmentalist views, feminist views, and those of creationists. By seeking clarification of the various creation stories, Jennings tries to illuminate the current scholarly views of this ancient text including the origin and timeline of the Earth. The Earth has been in existence for quite some time. Just how long is still unknown, but scientists, especially environmental Darwinists, estimate the Earth is 4.55 billion years old (Jennings 86). But the date of Earth’s origin and the presence of man are two separate questions depending on if one relies on biblical references or stories, creationism, which put the age of the world, the beginning of creation between 6,000-10,000 years (77) or modern science. A Gallup poll found supporters of each side to be fairly split, forty-six percent towards creationism and thirty-six percent pointing to Darwinism as the correct derivation (88). Why is the question of Earth’s origin so germane? According to many, because Genesis only deals with God’s creation of man in His image, and science can prove the existence of “pre-Adam” man dating back millenniums. By dating the origin of the world, one calls into question the validity of the Bible as the definitive “word of God” and the “absolute truth” as well as continues to fuel the controversy between science and religion. ...
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