...sensed the tactile world; when you inhaled the rich aroma of freshly brewed coffee, you enjoyed the olfactory world; and when you nibbled on a fresh roll, you savored the gustatory world. Five senses—five windows to the world—only five ways to know the world. Yet, contained within those five conduits to the “real world” are the basic means by which we comprehend everything from Picasso to punk rock, not to mention the ocean’s mist, Bach, perfume, Dostoevski, peppermint candy, sunsets, and physical intimacy. In this chapter we will find out how we humans use the computational brain to: • Perceive information about the environment. • Attend to the world. • Process information during the initial stages. We begin by examining the perception of sensory signals because this is the initial step in the processing of information. At the heart of this process is the brain, whose task it is to understand and, in effect, make sense out of the things being fed into it from the peripheral nervous system. That system is made up of nerves that lie outside the spinal cord and the brain and are involved in sensation and...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Outline Mary Bazile Psychology/300 October 6, 2013 Carlton Bowden Explanation of Sensation, Perception, and Attention The recommendations for the authority sensations, perceptive, and attention to learning would be like if a person would sit down to study, the person would not be bother by the distracting environmental stimuli. Why? Because some people and certain other people cannot lie in the difference of ability to focus and control each other attention toward their own perceptive processes derived from sensations. A report says that (Kowalski & Westen, 2009) acknowledges that the human sensory systems, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, touch, proprioceptive, vestibular, and kinesthetic all specialized cells that respond to environmental stimuli called sensory. A short term for olfactory is small. The term for gustatory is taste. An example for touch is pain. Proprioceptive is sensory information about body’s position and movement. Vestibular is sensory information on position of body in space by sensing gravity and movement. Kinesthetic is a sensory information about movement and position of limbs and other parts of the body relative to one another. All the words are transformed...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, Lupe Contreras PSY 300 July 3, 2012` Osagie Amayo Sensation, Perception, and Attention An individual’s attention is affected by their sensation and perception of the environment. Learning Team A (Teri Abshier, Melissa McCullar, and Lupe Contreras) discussed their personal comfort levels of learning in environments with different levels of auditory stimuli. Through this discussion, Learning Team A concluded that it was easier for them to learn in an environment with little to no outside auditory stimuli as opposed to a noisy environment. Increases in auditory stimuli can cause divided attention, which is not typically conducive to learning and memory retention. The threshold for auditory stimuli is defined as the slightest perceptible sound (American Psychological Association, 2009). Dichotic listening, also known as the “Cocktail Party Effect”, is the ability to focus on the auditory input in one ear while ignoring extraneous environmental auditory input. Initially, researchers thought that the extraneous input was not learned. However, further research showed that the peripheral input cannot be completely ignored and is stored in memory, although usually very weakly. Because the brain senses and perceives the additional auditory stimuli, it is more difficult to give full attention to the intended task (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Learning Team A met at a fairly busy coffee shop. For the purposes...
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...Perception allows the individual to provide value to sensory information that they are exposed to. It involves the process of organizing, identifying, and interpreting sensory information to understand the situation. For instance, when a student reads a letter, word or sentence they gain recognition associated with this undertaking (O’Donnell, Reeve & Smith, 2012, p. 227). Attention permits the individual to focus their mind on objects, concepts, or concentrating on others; it is selective. For example, when a teacher is teaching a lesson the students that focus their attention on what is being taught will be better equipped with processing the information. Students that are unable to focus their attention are prone to misinterpret information...
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...Perception and Attention Paper Psych/560 June 3, 2013 Prof. Pitt Perception and Attention People will perceive the world in different ways. For example, two people may look at a cloud, and they both may say they see two different things. One may say they see a rabbit whereas the other person may say they see a dog. Perception gives an individual the ability to have insight into any given situation. This is also how an individual can gain knowledge or intuition. On the other hand, there is attention, which gives an individual to ability to focus mentally. According to Robinson-Riegler & Robinson-Riegler (2008) Perception aids in a person’s information process. Attention aids the impact of information in a person's long-term memory. This paper will define the concept of perception and the perceptual organizational process. The paper will also define attention and the process of attention as well as explain the relationship between perception and attention. Define the Concept of Perception Cherry (2013), “Perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response to these stimuli” (What Is Perception?). This process allows us to gain information about the properties and elements of our environment that we need for survival...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Sensation, perception, and attention vary amongst individuals. What one individual perceives as distracting can be soothing to another individual. An individual’s absolute threshold for a sensory stimulus may be very different compared to another’s. Personal and environmental factors all contribute to an individual’s ability to learn and pay attention. The cocktail party phenomenon is an example of how environmental factors can impede an individual’s attention. Many individuals find that multi-tasking is a useful skill to divide attention in a way that facilitates learning. In contrast, some individuals prefer to give undivided attention in order to comprehend information. Based on the differences in perception and sensory processes of each individual, ground rules must be created to allow for a more influential learning environment. The perception and attention processes differ with every individual. What some individuals perceive as quiet may be distracting to another individual. The absolute threshold of an individual is “the minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular light, sound, pressure, taste, or odor 50% of the time” (Myers, 2009, p. 193). In analyzing each team members absolute threshold for auditory stimulus the results proved that although each threshold differed slightly, the barriers that impede each team members learning process are similar. The team found that both personal and environmental factors both play...
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..., Sensation, Perception, and Attention John Cullen, Deanna Danley, Shannon Hollock, and Eliz Jones PSY/300 June 25, 2012 Lori Eyre Sensations, Perceptions, and Attention We as team members have many experiences and comfort levels with sensations, perceptions and attention. Our thoughts and experiences with these are shared within this essay. Included in this report are four students and their experiences provided to help understand how each team member’s learning and attention is divided. Discussions on how to work together in the future to accommodate these differences is also discussed. Auditory Stimuli Each team member has his or her own threshold of auditory stimulus. John has a very sensitive threshold and can hear every little noise. He tries not to let it bother him, but sometimes the noise is so loud he needs to leave the room. Deanna also has a low tolerance for loud noises and people speaking loudly. Deanna states “this was not a problem I had when I was younger, just something I’ve notices in the last 3 or 4 years” (D.Danley, personal communication, June 14, 2012). Eliz and Shannon, however, are not bothered by auditory stimuli. Eliz says that “noise, kids, and even loud talking” (E, Jones, personal communication, June 14, 2012) does not bother her. Shannon does not “care about loud noises or annoying tones” (S. Hollock, personal communication, June 14, 2012), but can hear many noises. The team is divided as two team mates have...
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...Something special that I got out this class was about perception, attention and memory. I think it’s cool how you can look at something and then perceive it a different way! All in all I learned how to look at things differently, like taking a second look at life. Paying attention to more detail and being appreciative for all the things around me. Every day people tend to take life for granted and after taking this class I didn’t just learn about the topics but also loving life, because at any moment anything could happen to you and you wouldn’t be able to experience all that life has to offer. Without memory you wouldn’t be able to pay attention to things and without attention you wouldn’t know how to perceive things. It’s all a matter of the mind and all of the functions that it brings. Instead of going through my everyday life not really paying attention to everything around me I will stop and just look around, imagining what I see differently looking at things from a different perspective. Being grateful for the small things in life, that is actually big, such as my memory. Without my memory I would have never made it to college, maybe even high school. Our memory is essential for our everyday living, without it, we simply wouldn’t be able to do anything. It reminds us of our everyday routine such as brushing teeth, taking a shower, etc. Can you ever imagine not being able to remember any of that? No I don’t think it’s possible even though some people do have memory...
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...Sensation, Perception, and Attention Sensation, Perception, and Attention The abilities for sensation, perception, and attention vary from person to person. Many obstacles to communicating successfully are comparable from person to person, once these obstacles are perceived, steps can be taken to avoid these obstacles. Some people can attend a cocktail party and listen to multiple conversations at once while comprehending most of what is said. Other people can only hear one or two conversations and make any sense of them. These personal thresholds will differ according to environmental and personal factors. Some people can control their environment by minimizing noise, obtaining enough sleep and taking care of themselves in general, attending to these needs first will help a person to focus on what is perceived as important, whether it is at a conference or a cocktail party. Many students listen to classical music when studying, Mozart being the first choice. Studies have shown that listening to classical music helps one to concentrate on the task at hand, and helps to eliminate minor outside distractions. Amanda Rivera Part A: It is important to minimize distractions when reaching an auditory threshold. It is very hard for me to be able to hear anything when there is a lot of noise or distraction. When I try to work on my assignments for class, I have to make sure that my son is in bed, the television is cut off, and the only sounds are the air conditioner humming...
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...Attention Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information; it is “the concentration of mental effort on sensory or mental events (Gross, 2009). Selective attention is attending to one thing rather than another. Cocktail party syndrome is switching our attention to something that was previously unattended. Attentional capacity is how many things we can attend to at the same time. Many of the contemporary ideas of attention are based on the premise that there are available to the human observer a myriad of cues that surround us at any given moment. Our neurological capacity is too limited to sense all of the millions of external stimuli, but even were these stimuli detected, the brain would be unable to process all of them; our information-processing capacity is too limited. Our sensory system, functions well if the amount of information being processed is within its capability. If not, it will fail because it is overloaded. The role of attention is to filter out unimportant information and selectively enhancing salient input for further processing” (Chennu; Craston; wyble, et al. 2009). Attention was introduced in 1958 by Donald Broadbent, a British psychologist, who wrote in an influential book, Perception and Communication. According to Gross (2009), Broadbent proposed that attention was the result of a limited-capacity information-processing system. Broadbent’s theory proposes that the world is made...
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...Perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and action in response to these stimuli. Through the perceptual process, we gain information about properties and elements of the environment that are critical to our survival. A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception These factors can reside: i) In the perceiver ii) In the Object or target being perceived or iii) In the context of the situation in which the perception is made. 1. Characteristics of the Perceiver: Several characteristics of the perceiver can affect perception. When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she stands for, that interpretation is heavily influenced by personal characteristics of the individual perceiver. The major characteristics of the perceiver influencing perception are: a) Attitudes: The perciver's attitudes affect perception. For example, Mr. X is interviewing candidates for a very important position in his organization - a position that requires negotiating contracts with suppliers, most of whom are male. Mr. X may feel that women are not capable of holding their own in tough negotiations. This attitude with doubtless affect his perceptions of the female candidates he interviews. b) Moods: Moods can have a strong influence on the way we perceive someone. We think differently when we are happy than we do when we are depressed. In addition, we remember information...
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...Perception & Psychophysics 2004, 66 (6), 926-942 Effects of grouping and attention on the perception of causality HOON CHOI and BRIAN J. SCHOLL Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Beyond perceiving patterns of motion in simple dynamic displays, we can also perceive higher level properties, such as causality, as when we see one object collide with another object. Although causality is a seemingly high-level property, its perception—like the perception of faces or speech—often appears to be automatic, irresistible, and driven by highly constrained and stimulus-driven rules. Here, in an exploration of such rules, we demonstrate that perceptual grouping and attention can influence the both perception of causality in ambiguous displays. We first report several types of grouping effects, based on connectedness, proximity, and common motion. We further suggest that such grouping effects are mediated by the allocation of attention, and we directly demonstrate that causal perception can be strengthened or attenuated on the basis of where observers are attending, independent of fixation. Like Michotte, we find that the perception of causality is mediated by strict visual rules. Beyond Michotte, we find that these rules operate not only over discrete objects, but also over perceptual groups, constrained by the allocation of attention. Long traditions in both philosophy and psychology have concerned themselves with the origin of our notions of cause and effect, precisely...
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...stages of the perception process to identify the process I followed in determining whether or not the situation shown in the video is possible. The video shows a ball girl scaling the back wall of a baseball field and catching a home run. I believe that the ball girl catch was real; I will explain how I used the three stages of perception to come to my conclusion. I will also describe the characteristics of each step, and information I focused on. Before I begin with my conclusion I feel it would be best to explain the perception process, and how the stages work together. I will later define the stages and characteristics of each, and explain how they pertain to the ball girl catching the ball. The first stage of the Perception process is selection. Selection is when something sticks out from normal, and is brought to your attention and you decide it warrants further investigation. Once something is brought to your attention, the second step of the Perception process is organization. Organization is how you categorize and quantify the information that is brought to your attention. After you have organized the information your third step in the Perception process is interpretation. Interpretation is your final conclusion on the information or situation you have observed. The first step in the stages of the perception process is selection. Selection is defined as the process of attending to a stimulus (Kory 109); this means something is brought to your attention as something...
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...Chapter 3,4 TRUE/FALSE 1. Perception refers to a change in behavior resulting from the interaction between a person and a stimulus. 2. Comprehension refers to a consumer’s awareness and interpretation of reality. 3. Learning can occur without even trying. 4. Perception represents a subjective reality. 5. The first stage of the perceptual process is comprehension. 6. The process of bringing some stimulus within the proximity of a consumer so that it can be sensed by one of the five human senses is called attention. 7. Sensation describes a consumer’s immediate response to information. 8. Attention is the purposeful allocation of information-processing capacity toward developing an understanding of something. 9. Comprehension is the consumer’s attempt to derive meaning from information received. 10. Consumer perception involves two phases: sensing and organizing. MKT 305 WK 3 QUIZ 2 CHAPTER 3 & 4 To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/mkt-305-wk-3-quiz-2-chapter-3-4/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM MKT 305 WK 3 QUIZ 2 CHAPTER 3 & 4 MKT 305 WK 3 Quiz 2 Chapter 3,4 TRUE/FALSE 1. Perception refers to a change in behavior resulting from the interaction between a person and a stimulus. 2. Comprehension refers to a consumer’s awareness and interpretation of reality. 3. Learning can occur without even trying. 4. Perception represents a subjective reality...
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...I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to a. Discuss the Sensation and Perception b. Value the importance of Perception that allows us to act within our environment. c. Demonstrate the stimuli by help of perceptual theories. II. Subject Matter Sensation and Perception III. Materials Marker Cartolina Paper Colored Paper Pictures 35 copies of Lesson Hand-outs IV. Procedure A. Preparation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | “Good morning Class”“Let us pray first, Anyone who wants to lead the prayer?”“Thank you Ms. /Mr._____ for leading the prayer. Again, good morning!”“Ms. /Mr. Secretary may I know who are the absent for today?”"you may take your seat and please arrange your chairs""I will give you a minute to prepare yourself & do what you want before we proceed to our lesson""Okay class, sit properly and please listen attentively in our discussions." | “Good morning Ma’am”(One Student will lead the prayer)(The secretary will stand and tell who are the absentee)(the students will arrange their chair and take their seat)(the students can do anything)“yes ma’am” | B. Motivation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | "Before we start our lesson, let’s have a simple ice breaker first.""this ice breaker is called "4 pics 1 word""Do any of you know this game?""How it goes?""Thank you. You’re right. I will show 4 pictures that are related to each other and you just guess what does the pictures shows. You will...
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