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Critical Failure Factors in ERP Implementation
Ada Wong
The University of Hong Kong
The University of Warwick, UK isada@business.hku.hk Patrick Y.K. Chau
The University of Hong Kong pchau@business.hku.hk Harry Scarbrough
The University of Warwick, UK
Harry.Scarbrough@wbs.ac.uk
Robert Davison
City University of Hong Kong isrobert@cityu.edu.hk Abstract

This study firstly examines the current literature concerning ERP implementation problems during implementation phases and causes of ERP implementation failure. A multiple case study research methodology was adopted to understand “why” and “how” these ERP systems could not be implemented successfully. Different stakeholders (including top management, project manager, project team members and ERP consultants) from these case studies were interviewed, and ERP implementation documents were reviewed for triangulation. An ERP life cycle framework was applied to study the ERP implementation process and the associated problems in each phase of ERP implementation. Fourteen critical failure factors were identified and analyzed, and three common critical failure factors (poor consultant effectiveness, project management effectiveness and poo555îr quality of business process re-engineering) were examined and discussed.
Future research on ERP implementation and critical failure factors is discussed. It is hoped that this research will help to bridge the current literature gap and provide practical advice for both academics and practitioners. Keywords: Critical Failure Factors, ERP Implementation, ERP Life Cycle.

1. Introduction
An ERP system is an integrated software solution, typically offered by a vendor as a package that supports the seamless integration of all the information flowing through a company, such as financial, accounting, human resources, supply chain, and customer information

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