...PERSON-CENTERED THERAPY Most important person and what they believed: Carl Rogers created Person-Centered Therapy in the 1940’s. Rogers humanistic approach was revolutionary in shifting the mainstream ideology of psychoanalytic and behavior counseling modalities to a client-based approach. Although this counseling modality was initially called nondirective counseling and underwent four main development/evolutionary stages, Rogers maintained his belief that it is ultimately up to the client, not the therapist, to become the agent needed for self-change. Rogers was a humanist who believed that people are ultimately trustworthy, they have the potential to understand themselves and resolve their own problems, and much of the clients’ ability to change lies in the relationship found between they client and the counselor. Philosophy: The main philosophy behind Person-Centered Therapy is that the client is capable of becoming fully functioning individual, whom is responsible for creating change to help resolve issues they face in their lives; people can worked toward self-awareness and self-healing, without the direct influence and techniques used by a therapist. Person-Centered Therapy treats every client as a unique individual and has respect for the client’s subjective world. This approach also believes if a person enters into a positive, genuine relationship with a counselor, every person attains a natural potential to actualize and finding meaning in their life. The client-therapist...
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...Learning Group Posting Person Centred Therapy 1. The Goals of the therapy Developed by humanist psychologist Carl Rogers as a non-directive form of talk therapy in the 1940’s and 1950’s.The goals of the person-centred approach are different to many traditional approaches to therapy. “Its focus is on the person, not on the person’s presenting problem. The main goal of the therapy is for the client to realise their capacity for self-actualisation” (Davis).To achieve this goal therapists would work on developing an” increased self-esteem within the client and create an environment whereas the client is more open to experience(Person Centered Therapy,2012)” Rogers (1977) did not believe that the aim of therapy was to solve problems. Rather, it was to assist clients in their growth process so clients could better cope with their current and future problems.”(Corey, 2009, p170). Person centred therapists do not set goals for their clients, but assist clients through facilitative therapy to achieve their own goals. As self-concept develops goals would be expected to change. This therapy could not be applied to all clients as some would not possess the natural inclination towards the self-actualisation process even within the context of the supportive, facilitative client-therapist relationship. 2. A description of the processes and procedures of the therapy Person centred therapy differs from other therapies in that it is not technique orientated and the therapist does not assume...
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...Running Head: A BRIEF CRITIQUE OF PERSON CENTERED THERAPY A Brief Critique of Person Centered Therapy Date of submission: 11.09.2008 A Brief Critique of Person Centered Therapy “Existential therapy is a process of searching for the value and meaning in life” “(Corey, p. 131) with a focus on central concerns of the person’s existence; Such as death, freedom, existential isolation and meaningless. “Existential therapy can best be described as a philosophical approach that influences a counselor’s therapeutic practice” (Corey, p. 131). Founders of Existential Therapy include Soren Kagarra, Fredrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber. They employed the humanistic approach. The contributing developers include Victor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom, and James Bugental who developed the theory into what we have today. As one looks at the Philosophy and basic assumptions existential therapy looks at the unique characteristics that make us human and uses them as a foundation to build upon. Existential therapy also puts a great emphasis on freedom, choice, responsibility, and self determination. This student applauds that existential therapy suggests that we are the authors of our own lives. Our goal is to create meaning in our lives. There are six key propositions in existential therapy. The first is we have the capacity for self awareness, the second is because we are basically free beings we must accept the responsibility that accompanies...
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...Person-Centered Therapy HISTORY OF PERSON-CENTERED THERAPY Person-centered therapy is very much embodied in the work of Carl Rogers. He is mainly responsible for the development of person-centered therapy. His focus on the importance of the client-counselor relationship has had an influence on both theorists and practitioners. The following chart describes the personal and professional development of Carl Rogers. As he changed and developed, so did person-centered therapy. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND POSITIONS PROFESSIONAL INFLUENCES Developmental Stage Born in 1902 in a suburb of Chicago Fourth of six children' Religious fundamental upbringing Adolescent interest in agriculture Early career goal: the ministry Graduated from the University of Wisconsin Married Helen Elliott Attended Union Theological Seminary Received Ph.D. from Columbia University Teacher's College in 1931 in clinical psychology 12 years at the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Rochester, NY 1940 - academic career at Ohio State University Early work influenced by psychoanalysis Rogers was influenced by Rank through his work with Jessie Taft and Elizabeth Davis. Rank focused on the uniqueness of the individual, as did'Alfred Adler Goldstein and Maslow wrote about self-actualization - a humanist idea Rogers read writings of existentialists The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child, 1939 Non-directive Stage 1945 - worked at the University of Chicago At Ohio State, started writing...
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...“Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist is all that he / she will need to treat clients” In order to evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy is all that is needed for a therapist to treat their clients, it is first necessary to look at the Therapy as a concept and the basic premise on which its theories rest, before looking at how this model effects change in the client, and then considering whether this approach is enough to achieve results in all types of client problems or whether indeed it is found to be somewhat lacking in its effectiveness for some or all cases along with some criticisms voiced by other writers and therapists who follow alternative models as a preference. . The Person-Centred or “Rogerian” model as it is sometimes referred to, was developed by an American, Carl Rogers (Jan 8 1902 – Feb 4 1987) who was one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century. He was a humanist thinker and believed that all people are fundamentally good. He also believed that people have a self actualising tendency, or a desire to fulfil their own potential and become the best people they can be. He worked as a psychotherapist for most of his adult life and in developing his model he made some key assumptions. He believed that all individuals are capable of exercising free will and that human beings are basically good and if given the opportunity they will always strive towards goodness...
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...Shortly and clearly describe the topic of your interview. • The topic of my interview is Person Centered Therapy for a client with work related stress and some personal problems. My interview is based on a lady who is having hard times to cope up with her work because she is upset and unsatisfied of her job description. She has moved to a new place so it is also difficult for her to adapt the unfamiliar environment. She also goes to school and due to her stress she is not been able to focus on her studies. She is also not able to sleep properly which is making her fatigue. Describe at least three notable emotions felt by you through the entirety of the interview. • The first is self-awareness. I was self-aware throughout the session about my...
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...Applying an Integrated Approach to a Case Example: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered Therapy Applying an Intergraded Approach to a Case Example: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered Therapy Theory plays an important role in the process and outcome of therapy. For this reason, it is a topic that is examined in depth in human service education programs and research. Theory is used to explain client problems and to dictate what is done in the counseling process (Hackney, 1992). Theory can be used to define “the nature of the relationship between the counselor and client, to conceptualize the nature of the presenting problem(s), and to define the resulting counseling goals or desired outcomes” (p.2). In the past, much focus has been paid on delineating and accentuating the differences between the many theories of therapy (Sprenkle, 2003, p. 93). Today, there is a move towards convergence of theories within the helping practices (Hackney, 1992, p. 3; Sprenkle, 2003). Researchers and practitioners are searching for an integrated approach which emphasizes the key components within the helping process and relationship that have been linked to effective therapy (Hackney, 1992, p.2). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) have been shown to bring about positive changes in therapy. CBT and PCT, like all single-theory approaches, have limitations. Literature suggests that...
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...Person centered and Gestalt Therapy The Gestalt approach to therapy emerged during the 1950’s and was developed by Frederick Perls (1893-1970). The aim of Gestalt therapy is to increase awareness, so that the client comes to resolution of unfinished business and the integration of the thinking, feeling and sensing processes. In Gestalt therapy the emphasis is placed on the present experience, the perception of the individual as a whole and the direct awareness of emotions and action. Gestalt therapists believe that the emotional problems and frustrations that are experienced by individuals are attributed to the lack of recognition and understanding of their own feelings. In addition to this Gestaltist believe that many individuals lose parts of themselves when they are confronted with the overpowering task of coping in society. The role of therapist in Gestalt therapy is to encourage the client to acknowledge their emotions. This is by the therapist supporting the client to express their current feeling and experiences. The main focus for the client in Gestalt therapy is to stay in the ‘here and now.’ This is very important because it allows client to stay focused in the present when it comes to their feelings and experiences. Looking at past situations, experiences and future goals is not permitted in therapy because it can cause anxieties that bring forth excessive problems. This is why the ‘here and now’ is emphasized. Also within gestalt therapy the therapist helps the...
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...What Is “Person-Centered”? A Posthumous Conversation with Carl Rogers on the Development of the Person-Centered Approach Sharie Adams Cambridge College The article to be discussed in this journal capture the attention of the critic upon reading the title. It was not wholly morbid-to say the least-it was odd. There was a palm-reader-gypsy-at-the-fair air to the title. Out of the many titles that were perused, the title alone made the selection easy. The author, Howard Kirschenbaum- a notable author and educator in his own right- authored the biography of the late Carl Rogers. A friend, colleague and authority of Person-Centered theory, Kirschenbaum creates an in depth conversation with the disease that creates an interesting way to pique the interest but to also, bring a novice understanding of Carl Rogers’ person-centered counseling. The journal takes place in a dream where the author has a very in-depth conversation with his friend who affectionately refers to him as “Howie”. Howie then is able to ask his friend some very serious questions about his theories definition, challenges, person-centered antagonist, and the future of person-centered being incorporated in to different kinds of counseling. The author does a great job of using previous conversations, writings and interviews with Carl Rogers to give an accurate account of Roger’s point of view. The conversation begins with Kirschenbaum making the reader aware of the atrophy of person-centered approach in...
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...MODIFICATION AND PERSON-CENTERED THERAPY Behavior Modification and Person-Centered Therapy Grand Canyon University PSY 255 May 15, 2012 Behavior Modification and Person-Centered Therapy Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a treatment that helps patients to understand the feelings and thought that influence his or her behavior. Cognitive behavior treatment can help outpatient client deal with his or her problems. Many approaches can be used for outpatient therapy, two such treatments are Behavior Modification and Person-Centered Therapy. Cognitive treatments are used to treat disorders like depression, addiction, and anxiety, with the right treatment patient can become capable at fulfilling his or her potential for growth. Carl Rogers, a humanistic American psychologist, developed the client-centered therapy. His ideas have been used all over the world. Rogers’s person-centered approach has been used in education, parenting, organizational development, recovery, and administration (Natiello, n.d.). Roger believed that humans “naturally strive to reach an optimal sense of satisfaction with our lives” (Burger, 2008, p. 292.). Roger believe that therapist’s job is to provide an atmosphere where the clients can change themselves, therapist are not there to change the client. He believes that each person can develop in a positive self-actualizing fashion unless in some way his or her progress is impeded (Burger, 2008). Person-centered therapy or client-centered therapy is an approach...
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...It is imperative that every good counselor obtains a theory as a primary basis for therapy and there are many reasons why. A good theory signifies terms and conditions when coping with clients. For example, therapists who treat behavior might use cognitive or behavioral therapy as a way towards treating a client. Other therapists who focus on past behavior might use Freud as a means for relaying or treating past experiences (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). Those wanting to treat clients in a holistic or unique approach may be disposed to using yunginns theories as a method for therapy (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). Without a good source for treatment many therapists would be lost in terms of how to handle a client. Theories are also based on...
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...When Change Happens I sympathize with the ideas presented by Carl Rogers in Person Centered Therapy. Like Rogers, I believe that in order for change to occur, the counselor must be able to promote unconditional positive regard for the client. In other words, the helper must be able to work with the clients towards self-acceptance. When start working with my clients, I seek to know them as a person. I place myself in their shoes. I accept their emotions, behaviors and feelings. I firmly believe that when humans have not grown in an environment that promotes respect, humans develop problems that limit their awareness of themselves and the world around them. Therefore, in order for growth to occur in the therapy process, both the therapist...
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...The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the differences and similarities associated with Carl Roger’s Client-centered theory and Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory. The focus of the comparisons will fall into the three main topic areas: that of optimal personality development, that of the nature of problem formation, and that of the process of learning and change. The two theorists differ in approach in that Psychoanalytic theory is basically deterministic while Person-Centered therapy is rooted in humanistic and existential philosophies. Freud concurred that behavior was determined by both unconscious motivators and through instinctual drives that evolved during the first six years of life (Corey, 1996). The deterministic view focuses on the belief that past experiences unconsciously are reflected in present behaviors. Freud proposed that only after the client gained insight into the unconscious could he or she operate by choice rather than that of habit (Corey, 1996). Person-Centered therapy is more humanistic in nature and has some traits associated with existentialism, apparent in the lack a specific set of techniques. A difference between the humanistic view and the deterministic view is that humanism is based on the concept that the client has the freedom to make conscious choices and will automatically grow in positive ways (Corey, 1996). The deterministic philosophy assumes that behavior is driven by a source of unconscious motivation. Optimal Personality...
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...Compare and contrast person centered and cognitive behavioural approaches understanding and making use of the counseling relationship Introduction This assignment is an attempt to discuss two different types of therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and person centered therapy and highlight some important similarities and differences between them. Cognitive behavioural therapy John Watson (1957) believed psychology should be concerned with the observable, as behaviour could be measured and influenced (McLeod, 2008). Skinner, (1953) cited in McLeod (2008), believed a person has a repitior of possible responses to a stimuli and they exhibits the response that is reinforces or rewarded (operant conditioning). The central theme of Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is that thoughts connect (mediate) an event (stimuli) with an emotion. In other words it’s not the stimuli itself that elicits an emotional response but the interpretation (belief) of the stimuli. Ellis’s (1962) ABC model can be used to monitor reactions to an event. (McLeod 2008), A = activating event (actual event, attitude or action of an individual), B = beliefs about the event, C = the emotion or behavioral consequences; Ellis suggests, that C is determined by B. i.e. one person not being successful at an interview may think the competition must have been strong, another may think they don’t deserve a good job, they are stupid etc (McLeod 2008). CBT suggests that distress is caused...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centered Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients Person-centered therapy, which is also known as client-centered, non-directive, or Rogerian therapy, is an approach to counseling and psychotherapy that places much of the responsibility for the treatment process on the client, with the therapist taking a nondirective role. Developed in the 1930s by the American psychologist Carl Rogers, client-centered therapy departed from the typically formal, detached role of the therapist emphasized in psychoanalysis and other forms of treatment. Rogers believed that therapy should take place in a supportive environment created by a close personal relationship between client and therapist. Rogers's introduction of the term "client" rather than "patient" expresses his rejection of the traditionally hierarchical relationship between therapist and client and his view of them as equals. In person-centered therapy, the client determines the general direction of therapy, while the therapist seeks to increase the client's insight and self-understanding through informal clarifying questions. This essay will evaluate this type of therapy to establish if it is the only therapy needed by therapist to treat their clients. Rogers was a humanistic therapist which differed greatly from other approaches at that time which were based on the psychodynamic ideas of Freud, Carl Yung, Alfred Adler and others. Person Centred Therapy is not active, challenging...
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