...family system 2. Draw an ecomap of this family in context Briefly describe 3. (a) the story as probably seen from the perspective of each one of the family members. (b) The story from the vantage point of the family’s position in the family life cycle. 4. Provide a first-order cybernetic description of this case. 5. How would a second-order thinker describe this case? References. PAGE NUMBER 1 1 2-4 5 6-8 9 - 12 12 1. 2. The story as probably seen from the perspective of each of the family members Mavis: I am not sure what to do about April anymore. All she does is lie to my husband and I. I have tried my best in giving her the best life possible but nothing seems to work. Nobody understands what I have been through and I want to give April the life I never had. My parents divorced when I was only 5 years old and it tore me apart. I was forced to live with my step-mother and she threw me out when I was 18. April has it is so soft compared to the childhood I have had, she does not appreciate it. I am glad that John loves April as his own daughter and that he takes care of us but he does not understand how I feel and cannot console or comfort me when I need him to. All I want is what is best for our family but April’s lies and behavior is even causing strain on the relationship I have with John. I want to give April the support and love that I never had. Growing up without a support system was very difficult for me. The only person that understood me was my best friend who committed...
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...countries and each country has a different culture. This diversity is seen from different of religious beliefs, languages and ethnic groups. With this much diversity in the world, many people is dividing a group based on the average person is classified. Stereotype is the way a person views and judgment to the average person is classified or in short assessment of the appearance or background. Stereotypical way of thinking is taken to simplify complex allegations in the observation quickly. Stereotypes are rarely accurate, usually only a few basic right or even completely fabricated. For example, the Chinese have slanted eyes. Though not all Chinese have slanted eyes. From these examples, it is only a view of the many against the background of the case, for example the Arabs are terrorists. This stereotypical view usually shared by many people because it formerly existed on known terrorist from the Arab world is Osama bin Laden. That's what makes people think or labeling that Arabs are terrorists. But, does all Arabs are terrorists? The reality is not all Arabs are terrorists. Moreover, whether in Asia or in America there is a terrorist? With the stereotype, many people who judge someone based group, religion, or race them. Though we do not yet know the person. Therefore a lot of people who uses stereotyping use it as a guide to a national culture. There are lots of people who work internationally or study abroad for many years. Stereotype cannot be used as a guide to a national culture...
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...which two persons or people exchange messages to create shared understanding/meaning, through both sending and receiving verbal and non-verbal messages. The exchanging of messages makes communication a transactional process as both sender and receive take part in the exchanging episode. One is not usually aware but communication is functional as we all communicate with a reason behind us, and at the end of the communication episode a function is always fulfilled. Our environment, moods and changes in our daily lives, influence our communication behaviour, therefore communication is always reshaping and dynamic. The very motive and backbone of communication is to create shared meaning, which both parties are liable for. Q.1.2 - Communication cannot be a static process. Humans are dynamic, therefore communication is dynamic, meaning it is always in a state of flux. Change is part of our daily lives and every change within ourselves and environment influence our communication behaviour, i.e. different moods influence communication behaviour. Communication is never the same, it changes from...
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...Spoken language is a powerful way in which a man or lady can make a change the minds of other human beings, it allows them to express feelings and emotion and also can deter a certain human beings mind whether it for the good or bad, it allows our body and brain to make a choice through spoken language. Spoken language comes from a certain person idiolect, sociolect and also dialect, knowledge and the use of language does not come naturally it builds up by where you have been born? Where you have grown up, weather its staying in a certain place for 15 years or maybe just 2 weeks, people adapt the way in they speak naturally through their idiolect and also sociolect. Spoken language can also inspire others, changing their minds in which naturally...
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...behavior. The challenges that will be elaborated will be situational context, culture, and mind and body. Efforts to understand, clarify and control challenging behaviors can be found back to more than a few years. Influences can range from age and gender to culture and situational contexts. When bearing in mind the age of an individual, experts have their work cut out for them, anyone from any age group can experience from abnormal behaviors, this makes it challenging to make a diagnosis Certain cultures have what some would think of being odd or “abnormal” customs. Even with each of these concerns taken into account, mind, body, culture, and situational context, trying to determine if a person is displaying normal or abnormal behaviors can still be challenging. Many human behaviors can follow what is known as the normal curve. Looking at this bell-shaped curve, the majority of individuals are clustered around the highest point of the curve, which is known as the average. People who fall very far at either end of the normal curve might be considered "abnormal” (Sherry, K., N.d.). Situational Context Situational context is a social situation, behavioral setting, or general circumstances in which an action takes place. If the situational context is not considered in determining a person’s behavior it will affect one’s judgment no matter if he or she is interested in understanding the current feelings of the person or his or her individual tendencies, but will do so differently depending...
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...Health and pathology in FOC and SOC…………………………………….3 The role and function of the therapist……………………………………….3 Critical and ethical concerns…………………………………………………3 Ideas around first and second order cybernetics………………………….4 References…………………………………………………………………….5 FIRST ORDER CYBERNETICS PRINCIPLES Recursion and mutual interaction-People and events are seen in the context of mutual interaction. When we are viewing the world from a system, we are not interested in the cause of a particular behavior or situation. Responsibility and power exist as a bilateral process, with each individual and element participating in the creation of a particular reality. Any complex person or agency that influences a complex interactive system thereby becomes part of that system and no part can ever control the whole. Batson(1970). This means that we do not exist in isolation, but rather in relationships where interaction is mutual. Feedback-Feedback is a process whereby information about the past is fed back into the system in a circular manner (Becvar&Becvar,2013). In first order cybernetics positive and negative feedback describe the process of change. Feedback refers to the impact of the behavior upon the system and the response of the system to that behavior. Feedback does not value judgements. Rules and boundaries-rules are made are made up of the characteristic relationship patterns within the system. It is important to know values of the system as well as the roles appropriate to the system (Becvar&Becvar...
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...questions: 1) Briefly define a monochronic culture. 2) Briefly define a polychronic culture. 3) What is meant by a Low Context Culture? 4) What is meant by a High Context Culture? 5) The basis of monochronic cultures is the time-line. What is the basis of polychronic cultures? 6) Explain what is meant by "monochronic cultures use short-term relationships". 7) What is meant by monochronic cultures tend to want "mastery over nature"? 8) How do monochronic and polychronic cultures tend to consider nepotism? 1) In a monochronic culture, people tend to place a high value on timeliness and schedules. They focus on the value of time, and therefore tend to have a very rigid interpretation of how to organize their schedules. Monochronic people generally prefer to do one thing at a time and to devote their full concentration to the task at hand, whether it be completing an assignment for work or school or having coffee with a friend. People belonging to this type of culture are also concerned about not disturbing others, and they follow the rules of privacy and consideration, they show respect for private property and are accustomed to short-term relationships. Cultures typically described as monochronic can be found in North America, Northern Europe, and parts of Asia. MONOCRONIC CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS (n an everyday life and in a business context) - sequential: do one activity at the time, follow initial plans, time is measurable, keep appointment strictly, corporate...
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...linear cause of a situation like in A occurs and then B occurs because of A. But sees, for example, people in a family influence each other and each other’s behaviours and this is a constant flow of influence. So the reciprocal relationship is important : “ …meaning is derived from the relationship between individuals …. as each defines the other “.(Becvar and Becvar 2014 8th ed , p 70 ). The use of this principle prohibits that we only see part of what is happening in a family but focus on the whole. 2. Feedback: When a process is in action we want to evaluate what is happening. In first-order cybernetics we do not look for a good or bad result. We talk about positive and negative feedback. If a family goes through life changes for example a baby is born the roles of the father and mother...
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...Taylor PSY/375 January 14, 2013 Shaun-Katherine Robles Life Span Perspective Life span development is the physical and cognitive changes that occur throughout a person’s life. A life span perspective is an approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood (Berger, 2011). This paper will discuss the life span perspective of development, summarize two theories of life span development and give explanation to how heredity (nature) and the environment (nurture) interact to produce individual differences in development. The life span perspective encircles the length of a person’s span of life. It then considers the wide range of conditions while making observations along the way. It is depended upon observing and experimenting. The life span perspective views human development in five characteristics: multidirectional, multi-contextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary, and plastic (Berger, 2011). The multidirectional characteristic is the multiple ways in which human characteristics change over time – increasing, decreasing, or holding steady; in a line (linear), a curve (curvilinear), or up and down (zigzag) (Berger, 2011). The multidirectional characteristic enables researchers to recognize that gains and losses often occur simultaneously. According to Berger, every change – going to college, getting married or divorced, moving to another location, the death of a family member – produces unexpected advances...
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...Provide an example(s) of any past participation you have had in experiential learning (learning based on experience) and discuss its benefits. Experiential learning is used many times in our text. However, it can best be described as environmental factors that influence ones development throughout life (Feldman, Olds, & Papalla, 2008, Heredity, Environment, and Maturation). Development of a person is usually categorized into three different categories. Heredity, which is the traits you are born with and how they affect your development. Maturation, which is when a person is ready to master new abilities. Last, there is Environment, which is what experiential learning is based on. Development of a person is and should be a mixture of all three. These different factors can play off of each other to decide how and what a person experience throughout their life. It is hard to pick out one specific time in which experiential learning played an important part on my development because of how often it occurs throughout life. If I had to pick one example of experiential learning in my life then I would talk about my family life and being the youngest girl out of my two sisters and us being 9 and 7 years apart. My sisters grew up 2 years apart from each other and were able to experience things together. One time that stands out in my life in how their life experience is different compared to mine is when my family took a vacation to Disney World. My sisters were 14 and 12...
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...Access to Care Despite the insurmountable cardiovascular risk burden, it is important to note that healthcare systems in many parts of Africa are designed to treat acute communicable diseases, rather than preventable NCDs [5] in part due to resources [22]. As a result, equity in terms of access to health care is constrained by the fact that patients with cardiovascular risk burden make significant demands on already scarce health resources. The healthcare system in SSA is often challenged by lack of sufficient resources to provide adequate patient care. Both lack of institutional resources and up-to-date practical information for healthcare providers often jeopardizes patient care [99]. A review by Motala (2002) [100] noted that the increasing diabetes trends in Africa are influenced by inadequate health care infrastructure, inadequate supply of medications, and lack of available healthcare facilities and providers. Issues such as lack of protocols for diabetic complication evaluation and monitoring, little or non-existent referral systems, inadequate health facilities, and absence of multidisciplinary diabetic care teams also make diabetes care difficult [101]. Among diabetes patients in Mozambique and Zambia, patients in need of insulin were faced with the high cost of the medication when available but were also faced with lack of availability of insulin when needed [102]. Similarly, Whiting and colleagues (2003) [101] noted that the contextual, clinical, and health systems...
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...01/11/2015 The Tipping Point Hush Puppies, mavens, Sesame Street, and New York City crime rates; all things that seem to have nothing in common until you look at them in the right context. The one common denominator they all share is they had a tipping point, and are examples of how little things can make a big difference in society. Malcolm Gladwell recognizes this threshold in everyday life, and in the products we use. He sees that a sudden increase in the sales of a shoe can be triggered by only a selective few that decide to wear them while they were unpopular, or how cleaning up the subway system can generate a significant decrease in crime. A single person could make significant changes in society although they represent a very insignificant number in the total population. If that one person is responsible for a tipping point a chain reaction can be made out of a single decision. Tipping points are exactly what the phrase describes; a point where the threshold has been met, so it theoretically “tips.” This does not come due to chance however. Gladwell argues that there are certain aspects of a product, norm, or person that are required to exceed a threshold and cause a reaction, he states, “The three rules of the tipping point—the Law of the Few, the Stickiness Factor, and the Power of Context—offer a way of making sense of an epidemic. They provide us with direction for how to go about reaching a tipping point.” Gladwell’s examples and messages throughout his work resonate...
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...Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was developed by Icek Ajzen and Martin Fishbein in 1975, to examine the relation between attitudes and behavior (Morisky, 2002). The intention to behave a certain way is determined by the persons attitude toward the behavior (Littlejohn, 2011). Later, behaviors appeared to not be completely voluntary and under control. This led to the addition of perceived behavioral control, and the theory got the name “the theory of planned behavior” (TPB). This theory predicts deliberate behavior. It states that only specific attitudes toward a behavior can be expected to predict the behavior. In addition to measuring attitudes toward a behavior, as the theory of reasoned actions...
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...(social), Social influence By chris6986 Nov 12, 2014 789 Words 49 Views PDF View Text View Page 2 of 6 HOW FACTORS AFFECT THE COMMUNICATION PROCESSS 1 Abstract This paper will discuss how the communication process can be affected by individual forces, societal forces, culture, context, and ethics. It will discuss the importance of understanding how communication is affected by these forces. It is important to understand the way they affect communication so that proper and effective communication can occur. HOW FACTORS AFFECT THE COMMUNICATION PROCESSS 2 How Common Factors found in the Synergetic Model Affect the Communication Process Communication is a transactional process that involves more than one person. When an interaction between two or more people occurs, various factors come into play because of the difference in each individual person. Communication can be influenced by different factors and it is important to understand these factors and how they contribute to the effectiveness of said communication. Communication can be influenced by individual forces, societal forces, and by context. It is important to understand how communication is affected by these forces, so that we can properly and effectively communicated in the world today. Communication mainly focuses on the individual. Identity plays an important role in the communication process. A person’s identity is composed of many different individual forces...
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...and second-order cybernetics. What student hopes to achieve with this assignment is a better understanding of these two by exploring what sets them apart. 1 First-order cybernetics principles In describing first-order cybernetics, Becvar and Becvar (2014) use the following principles to highlight its fundamental assumptions. 1.1 Recursion People and events do not exist in isolation but within a context, more specifically within the relationships in which they are involved in. Recursion refers to the fact that all elements involved in a relationship influence each other as they are constantly interacting. 1.2 Feedback It is the part of recursion that allows a system to correct itself by using the information given about past behaviours in order to make changes or remain as it is. In positive feedback change has taken place and has been embraced. On the other hand, when no change takes place it is called negative feedback. 1.3 Morphostasis/Morphogenesis The stability of a system when the context is changing is called Morphostasis and Morphogenesis refers to changes taking place in an environment of stability. 1.4 Rules and boundaries...
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