...When creating a personal budget, there are several expenses to include such as Transportation, Insurance, and Food cost. These costs and many more expenses are necessary to operate in everyday life. The major categories when budgeting are housing, communication, medical/insurance, food, clothing, transportation, and entrainment. When began budgeting for housing I took many aspects into consideration like, the location, how many bedrooms, or whether I wanted an apartment or a house. Overall in the end I choose a 1 bedroom apartment, located in North Charleston, South Carolina. The rent cost would be an estimate of 730$ per month. The way I was able to find this information was through an apartment finding website called “Move”. Also, because...
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...4212 SEPTEMBER 15, 2010 TIMOTHY LUEHRMAN HEIDE ABELLI New Heritage Doll Company: Capital Budgeting In mid-September of 2010, Emily Harris, vice president of New Heritage Doll Company’s production division, was weighing project proposals for the company’s upcoming capital budgeting meetings in October. Two proposals stood out based on their potential to strengthen the division’s innovative product lines and drive future growth. However, due to constraints on financial and managerial resources, Harris knew it was possible that the firm’s capital budgeting committee would decline to approve both projects. She also knew that New Heritage’s licensing and retail divisions would promote compelling projects of their own. Consequently, Harris had to be prepared to recommend one of her projects over the other. The Doll Industry Revenues in the U.S. toy and game industry totaled $42 billion in 2008 and were projected to increase by 4.6% per year to $52.5 billion by 2013. The market was divided into two broad segments: video games (48%) and traditional toys and games (52%). The second segment was further divided into infant/preschool toys (14.5%), dolls (14.1%), outdoor & sports toys (12.3%), and other toys & games (59.1%) including arts and crafts, plush toys, action figures, vehicles, and youth electronics. The U.S. market for toys and games was dominated by large global enterprises that enjoyed economies of scale in design, production, and distribution. Revenues...
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...Capital budgeting Making decisions having significant future benefits or costs for various entities and their stakeholders. Capital budgeting is the backbone of financial economics. Related topics in financial economics include: the time value of money, the meaning of net-present value, accounting concepts consistent with present-value calculations, discount rates, and option valuation techniques. In the public sector, the term is often exclusively associated with infrastructure investments -- plant and equipment. It is more properly associated with all policy choices that have significant, long-term consequences: especially decisions about missions, programs, products, processes, or procedures. There are standard solutions to several kinds of capital-budgeting problems: make or buy decisions, investment in working capital (especially inventories) decisions, maintenance-level decisions, project selection, the choice of mutually exclusive investments, and investments in plant with fluctuating rates of production. However, the same basic calculus of benefits and costs is supposed to guide all classes policy choices with long-term consequences. Financial Theory Financial theory teaches that, in the presence of a capital market where funds can be obtained at a price, welfare will be maximized by the implementation of all policy choices that generate positive net-present values. This means, in part, that the timing of benefits and costs is generally of no...
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...Bryan Kimmell How do CFOs make capital budgeting and capital structure decisions? Introduction A comprehensive survey is gone that describes the current practice of corporate finance. The survey will give us a betting understanding of where the theory and practice of corporate finance are consistent and areas where they are not. The survey conducted is based on two parts, capital budgeting and capital structure. The survey goes deeper and tries to find out what causes capital budgeting and structure decisions in firms. The survey consists of 100 questions to explore capital budgeting and structure decisions in depth. The original sample for the survey was 4,440 firms but only 392 CFOs responded to the survey, making the response rate a dramatic 9%. The results of the survey were analyzed based on firm characteristics. The responses given by the executives are compared in relation to the firm size, P/E ratio, leverage, credit rating, dividend policy, industry, management ownership, CEO age, CEO tenure, and CEO educational attainment. Comparing the responses to all these variables gives the results a more meaningful explanation because it is able to test various finance theories. The responses to the capital budgeting portion of the survey follow academic advice and use present value techniques to evaluate new projects. But when it comes to capital structure, firms rely on practical, informal rules and pay less attention to academic advice. Survey Methodology Before the...
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...misapplication of capital investment appraisal techniques Colin Drury Professor, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK Mike Tayles Lecturer, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Surveys of capital budgeting practices in the UK and USA reveal a trend towards the increased use of more sophisticated investment appraisals requiring the application of discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques. Several writers, however, have claimed that companies are underinvesting because they misapply or misinterpret DCF techniques. Such claims have been made on the basis of observations in only a few companies, or anecdotal evidence, without any supporting statistical evidence. Reports on a recent survey conducted by the authors which suggests that many UK firms are guilty of misapplying DCF techniques. Also provides evidence relating to some issues that have not been thoroughly examined in previous studies, namely the impact of company size and the relative importance that firms attach to different investment appraisal techniques. An examination of the surveys of capital budgeting practices that have been undertaken during the past 20 years in both the UK and USA reveals a trend towards a continuing increase in the use of more sophisticated capital budgeting techniques. In a longitudinal survey of capital budgeting practices of large UK companies between 1975 and 1992 Pike (1996) reported a substantial increase in the usage of discounted cash flow (DCF) and risk appraisal techniques. In 1975 32 per cent and...
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... b. Wealth maximization for a multi-period decision is measured by discounting the expected future economic profits (which is the excess of earnings or cash flow for each period over that which could have been earned on investments of similar risk for that period) back to present. 1-4. Present value is either a single future amount discounted back to present or the sum of a number of future amounts discounted back to present. Net present value is the sum of the present value and the initial outlay or outlays necessary to produce the future amount(s). 1-5. A capital investment is an outlay that is expected to result in benefits extending more than one year into the future. Capital budgeting is the process of selecting capital investments. 1-6. Steps in capital budgeting process: - Establish Goals - Develop Strategy - Search for Investment Opportunities - Evaluate Investment Opportunities - Select Investments - Implement and Monitor - Post audit 1-7. The main question is whether the future benefits are worth the present cost. Thus, it is necessary to consider the amount of costs and benefits,...
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...Executive Summary Reckitt Benckiser Bangladesh Ltd is a leading player in the FMCG market of Bangladesh with a focus on Health, Hygiene & Home. Making differencing from conventional playing company in Bangladesh Reckitt Benckiser has strong intention for modern developed capital budgeting technique in evaluating their potential projects especially in large R&D projects. The company mainly uses IRR. It uses sophisticated methods to project future cash flows. The company also uses scenario analysis to incorporate risk and for some very complex projects, it uses simulation analysis with the help of parent company in UK. However, Reckitt Benckiser Bangladesh Ltd is a well established company and it does not take large projects very often. Those capital budgeting techniques are normally used in evaluating large projects and in case of acquisition of an existing company. Company Overview Company Profile Reckitt Benckiser is a world leader in FMCG household, health and personal care. In Bangladesh it has started its journey as Reckitt Benckiser (Bangladesh) Ltd. The Company was listed in DSE in 1986 and in CSE in 1995 as a pharmaceuticals and chemical company. Currently, Reckitt Benckiser (Bangladesh) Ltd is a leading player in the FMCG market of Bangladesh with a focus on Health, Hygiene & Home. RB is involved in the business of manufacturing and marketing Household, Toiletries and Pharmaceuticals items. The company’s product array includes brands like Disprin, Dettol...
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...Budget Policy and Process Vernita Davis-Knight Susan Friguglietti Edna Primas Ronald Rehn University of Phoenix-Online February 27, 2008 Capital Budget Policy and Process Capital budgeting is the process by which capital investment decisions are made. Capital can be described as an organization’s operating assets (Diamond, Hanson &, Murphy, 1994). The capital budgeting process includes "planning, setting goals and priorities, arranging financing, and identifying criteria for making long-term investments" (Diamond et al., 1994, p. 463). Previously, capital budgets were known as plant and equipment budgets (Berman, Kukla &, Weeks, 1994). As the previous term implies, most capital expenditures are long-term investments for plant or equipment investments. Most, if not all, organizations have limited financial resources and must decide how to invest the financial resources for the best advantage of the organization. Capital investment decisions have a significant impact on the organization since large amounts of the organization’s resources are at risk for extended periods of time. This makes capital budgeting one of the most important decision making opportunities an organization can undertake (Diamond et al., 1994). There are two basic types of capital budgeting projects, independent projects and mutually exclusive projects. The independent project does not affect the cash flow of other projects. That is, regardless of whether the project is accepted or rejected...
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... Blekinge Institute of Technology THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PAYBACK METHOD IN CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION. By Alaba Femi, AWOMEWE & Oludele Olawale, OGUNDELE Supervisor: Anders Hederstierna Thesis for the Master’s degree in Business Administration Fall/Spring 2008 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PAYBACK METHOD IN CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION. By Alaba Femi, AWOMEWE & Oludele Olawale, OGUNDELE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MBA (Master of Business Administration) Blekinge Institute of Technology 2008 Supervisor Anders Hederstierna ii Abstract Title: The importance of the Payback method in Capital budgeting decision. Authors: Alaba Femi, Awomewe and Oludele Olawale, Ogundele Supervisor: Anders Hederstierna Department: School of Management, Blekinge Institute of Technology Course: Master’s thesis in business administration, 15 credits (ECTS). Background and Problem Discussion: The capital budgeting decision has been a very typical issue in the sustenance of a company. Several companies have lost their identity or liquidated due to wrong capital budgeting decision they made at one particular time or the other. Based on these prevalent problems in industries and the effect of globalisation on industries, it is important to use effective method to analyse investment before decision is made. Capital budgeting is extremely important because the decision made involve the direction and opportunity...
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...1 HOTEL OWNER / OPERATOR STRUCTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CAPITAL BUDGETING PROCESS Chris GUILDING Service Industry Research Centre, and School of Accounting and Finance Griffith University – Gold Coast Campus Queensland AUSTRALIA C.Guilding@griffith.edu.au Tel: (07) 5552 8790 Fax: (07) 5552 8068 I am grateful for funding support for this study provided by the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. I would also like to acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions provided by two anonymous referees. 23 HOTEL OWNER / OPERATOR STRUCTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CAPITAL BUDGETING PROCESS ABSTRACT The findings of a field study concerned with appraising capital budgeting process implications arising from different owner / operator structures employed in the hotel industry are reported. Dimensions of conflict that can arise between hotel operators and owners are examined. Consistent with expectations motivated by agency theory, data collected suggest that capital budgeting systems in hotels operating under a divorced owner / operator structure exhibit more formalisation and a greater propensity for investment proposal cash forecast biasing. These findings suggest a degree of dysfunctionalism associated with the divorced / owner operator structure widely adopted in the hotel industry. Key words: Hotel, Capital Budgeting, Ownership structure, Agency theory.4 ...
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...Christopher D. Huff 6/21/2016 Case 2 MBA 6368 New Heritage Doll Company Capital Budgeting Introduction The Vice President of the New Heritage Doll Company’s product division, Emily Harris, has decided to present two capital budget improvement proposals to the company’s capital budgeting committee in October. The purpose of the proposals is to provide the capital budgeting committee with a sound option that will make a positive impact on future company growth without hindering current operations and maneuverability. The purpose of this case is to decide which proposal is the most qualified proposal based on financial metrics and company goals. New Heritage Doll History and Profits Before evaluating each proposal it is important to understand the company New Heritage Doll and the toy industry itself so that we can make better assumptions for the case. New Heritage was established in 1985 by Ingrid Beckwith. Her vision for the company and those that purchased her products was simply to foster and grow a child’s ability to positively view their image and increase creativity. Her doll’s had an immediate impact on the industry which increased demand for New Heritage Doll products. Currently, the company receives operating profit from three divisions. The production division, the most asset heavy division, designs and produces dolls and doll accessories. In 2009, operation profit for the product division was 7.7 million. The retail division offers products through websites...
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...------------------------------------------------- BUSINESS ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE (ACC501) ASSIGNMENT ONE Question 1 Answer A: Qualitative factor: Qualitative factor are element and these elements highlights company performance. These elements include profit margin, turnover rates, and management style. Qualitative factors highlight by incremental analysis. Qualitative factor may include :( 1) effect on staff member confidence, routine and other info highway component, (2) relationship with and obligation to retailers, (3) effect on at this time and upcoming shoppers and, (4) long period of time effect on benefits. In some controlling positions, qualitative faces are more important than instance financial profit from a decision. Here following s details are given to help with decision that is shown below. Number of bottle produced each year | 3,300,000 | Production supervisor salary | $120,000 | Senior Production staff wages(2staff×$70,000) | $140,000 | Junior Production staff wages(10 staff×$40,000) | $400,000 | First option: In this first option one senior production staff replace with a junior production staff member, that’s mean one senior staff become one junior staff. So we can say in new situation total senior staff is only one and junior staff become total 11 as a result this situation reduce the amount of quality control checks that company can perform because of...
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...HOW DO CFOS MAKE CAPITAL BUDGETING AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS? by John Graham and Campbell Harvey, Duke University* e recently conducted a comprehensive survey that analyzed the current practice of corporate finance, with particular focus on the areas of capital budgeting and capital structure. The survey results enabled us to identify aspects of corporate practice that are consistent with finance theory, as well as aspects that are hard to reconcile with what we teach in our business schools today. In presenting these results, we hope that some practitioners will find it worthwhile to observe how other companies operate and perhaps modify their own practices. It may also be useful for finance academics to consider differences between theory and practice as a reason to revisit the theory. We solicited responses from approximately 4,440 companies and received 392 completed surveys, representing a wide variety of firms and industries.1 The survey contained nearly 100 questions and explored both capital budgeting and capital structure decisions in depth. The responses to these questions enabled us to explore whether and how these corporate policies are interrelated. For example, we investigated whether companies that made more aggressive use of debt financing also tended to use more sophisticated capital budgeting techniques, perhaps because of their greater need for discipline and precision in the corporate investment process. More generally, the design of our survey...
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...------------------------------------------------- BUSINESS ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE (ACC501) ASSIGNMENT ONE Question 1 Answer A: Qualitative factor: Qualitative factor are element and these elements highlights company performance. These elements include profit margin, turnover rates, and management style. Qualitative factors highlight by incremental analysis. Qualitative factor may include :( 1) effect on staff member confidence, routine and other info highway component, (2) relationship with and obligation to retailers, (3) effect on at this time and upcoming shoppers and, (4) long period of time effect on benefits. In some controlling positions, qualitative faces are more important than instance financial profit from a decision. Here following s details are given to help with decision that is shown below. Number of bottle produced each year | 3,300,000 | Production supervisor salary | $120,000 | Senior Production staff wages(2staff×$70,000) | $140,000 | Junior Production staff wages(10 staff×$40,000) | $400,000 | First option: In this first option one senior production staff replace with a junior production staff member, that’s mean one senior staff become one junior staff. So we can say in new situation total senior staff is only one and junior staff become total 11 as a result this situation reduce the amount of quality control checks that company can perform because of...
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...Faculty of Commerce Faculty of Commerce - Papers University of Wollongong Year Computing the divisional cost of capital using the pure play method H. W. Collier∗ S. Haslitt‡ T. Grai† C. B. McGowan∗∗ of Wollongong, collier@uow.edu.au University, USA ‡ Oakland University, USA ∗∗ Norfolk State University, USA † Oakland ∗ University This is a preprint of an article accepted for publication as Collier, HW, Grai, T, Haslitt, S and McGowan, CB, Computing the divisional cost of capital using the pure play method, Applied Financial Economics Journal, 2006(in press). Copyright Taylor and Francis. Original journal available here. This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/164 Computing the divisional cost of capital using the pure play method Henry W. Collier (University of Wollongong) Timothy Grai (Oakland University) Steve Haslitt (Oakland University) Carl B. McGowan, Jr. (Norfolk State Universtiy) COMPUTING THE DIVISIONAL COST OF CAPITAL USING THE PURE PLAY METHOD1 ABSTRACT: The Cost of Capital Model is used to calculate the net present value of projects within a multi-unit corporation but may provide incorrect answers for projects that have a level of risk that differs from the overall average risk level for the corporation. We demonstrate the use of the Pure Play Method for calculating the required rate of return for a division of a corporation that has risk characteristics that differ from the risk characteristics of the...
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