...Kaplan University Writing Center Writing an Informative Essay Did you ever pick up a magazine or newspaper and after reading the article say, “Hmm! I didn’t know that!” That article is an informative essay. Informative essays, also called expository essays, seek to inform or educate the audience on a given topic. The goal is not to persuade the reader but to give the reader more information, to provide the reader with insight, and to support the writer’s interpretations with factual information. The essay should make the reader say “Aha! I didn’t know that.” Informative essays do not express the writer’s opinion. Views, pro and con, can be included but they must be presented in an unbiased fashion, pointing out comparisons and contrasts of viewpoints. One way to do this is to imagine that the audience holds a common view of the topic; the writer’s purpose is to give the audience a surprising new view based on research. To do this you can: • • • • Enlighten your audience with new facts and/or statistics. Give them usable material that they can apply. Present sufficient information to explain the new findings about the topic. Make clear from the beginning of your paper its purpose. Here is an example of an informative essay topic: a student wrote about technology invading churches in the form of ATM machines. He called it “Technology goes to Church.” His purpose was to inform readers that because of the decrease in weekly donations some churches are now installing ATM machines...
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...When you write a letter to your mother, you probably use casual language, which might include short phrases instead of complete sentences or clichés or phrases that have personal meaning for your family. When you write an email or text a friend, you might shorten words or even use a group of letters to represent a word or a statement. While these shortcuts or casual language are acceptable and even expected in these types of written communication, writing for the academic world requires a more formal approach. As you develop your writing skills for the academic world, you should be aware of grammar concerns or words or phrases that should be avoided. If you work to eliminate grammar errors and to sharpen your diction, your academic work will become stronger and more powerful. Grammar Concerns: Grammar is the backbone of written communication. While there are more grammar elements than we have listed here, these represent the areas that students struggle with the most. 1. Agreement a. Pronoun/ Antecedent Agreement i. Definition: The pronoun and its antecedent do not agree in number (antecedent = the word that the pronoun refers to). ii. Example: 1. Everyone takes their books home. (incorrect) 2. Everyone takes his or her books home. (correct) 3. The students take their books home. (correct) iii. In order to eliminate awkward constructions, make the pronoun and its antecedent plural when possible. iv. Remember that if it is obvious that only one gender is...
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...Writing 15 MODEL ESSAYS SHOWING YOU HOW TO GET BAND 9 IN ACADEMIC WRITING TASK 2 Published by Cambridge IELTS Consultants Cambridge, United Kingdom Copyright © Cambridge IELTS Consultants and Jessica Alperne, Peter Swires 2014. All rights are reserved, including resale rights. This e-book is sold subject to the condition that it will not be copied, stored or redistributed in any form. Also on Kindle from the same publisher: . Packed with advice, examples, models to follow and real Band 9 essays to help you get the best possible result. Get IELTS Band 9 In Academic Writing Contents Introduction from the authors Explanation of the different types of Academic Task 2 essay OPINION type tasks: Model essays IDEAS type tasks: Model essays Summary of the model essays Tasks for you to practice Key to practice tasks The 10 most common mistakes in IELTS academic writing Help from the experts Introduction from the authors For many people, the most difficult part of the IELTS Academic exam is the Task 2 essay in the writing test. This is because few people understand the different types of Task 2 essay, and few people take the time to read examples of high quality Task 2 essays before they take the exam. We are here to help! In this book we show you how to analyze the Task 2 question, and we explain the different types of essay you may be asked to write. Most importantly, this book provides you with fifteen examples of Task 2 essays, all written...
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...BUILDING EVIDENCE-BASED ARGUMENTS DEVELOPING CORE PROFICIENCIES ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS / LITERACY UNIT GRADE 7 “Doping can be that last 2 percent.” OD LL DUCATION www.odelleducation.com OD LL DUCATION Page 1 EVIDENCE-BASED ARGUMENTATION Literacy – the integrated abilities to read texts closely, to investigate ideas and deepen understanding through research, to make and evaluate evidence-based claims, and to communicate one’s perspective in a reasoned way – is fundamental to participation in civic life. Thus, the importance of a literate citizenry was understood and expressed by Thomas Jefferson early in the life of our democratic nation. Today, students face the prospect of participating in a civic life that stretches beyond the boundaries of a single nation and has become increasingly contentious, characterized by entrenched polarization in response to complex issues. Citizens have access to a glut of information (some of which is nothing more than opinion passed off as fact) and are often bombarded by bombast rather than engaged in reasoned and civil debate. Learning the skills and habits of mind associated with argumentation – how to conceive and communicate “arguments to support claims, using valid reasoning and sufficient evidence” [CCSS W1] as well as how to “delineate and evaluate the argument[s]” and “the validity of the reasoning and relevance and sufficiency of the evidence” presented by others [CCSS R8] – is therefore...
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...this was a non-fictional piece, my reaction was even stronger. The book made me favor equality of opportunity for all in every endeavor so others' opinions of them are based on performance, not preconceptions. Harvard, Favorite teacher I selected Mr. (name) because he taught me more than U.S. History; he taught me how to think independently. This wasn't done only to prepare me for the free-response section of the A.P. test, either. I know he did it to make his students responsible citizens and responsible adults. From the outset, he wanted to make sure that we knew how we stood in our political philosophy: strict constructionists or loose constructionists. He wanted to make sure that we didn't gravitate towards empty categories like liberal or conservative, but rather focused on issues separately whenever we needed to take a stand on them. Imagine my surprise when I, the son of two very conservative parents who constantly bombarded me with their rhetoric, discovered that I had strong liberal tendencies on some issues. Aside from political affiliations, Mr. (name) taught us how to make sense out of history by trying to understand the personal motives that went in to any chain of historical occurrences. In his class, I came to the realization that history isn't only a series of names and dates printed in a textbook, but a more complex subject that requires deep thought and analysis for full comprehension. Because of Mr. (name), history is now my favorite subject. He has also...
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...University of Roehampton Referencing Style Guide Harvard Version 2012 Learning Services Supporting innovation in teaching, learning and learner development The Green Room, Library rm 217 www.roehampton.ac.uk/Learningservices Contents INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 DISCLAIMER ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 ABOUT THIS GUIDE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 WHAT IS REFERENCING, AND WHY SHOULD I DO IT? .................................................................................... 1 PARAPHRASING ................................................................................................................................................. 2 QUOTING ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 CITATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 . BIBLIOGRAPHIES OR CITED WORKS/REFERENCE LIST ..........................................................................
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...Ethics - Ethics Imagine a 15 year old student in philosophy class. After discussing why should you or shouldn't you judge other societies, and getting in depth with ethics, the teacher decides to tell a story to the class. She says"..there is a tribe in the Amazon(Brazil) were they show love and respect by cutting body parts.It would be a good sign if your father cuts a finger of a son...." she then asked the class ".... if you end up in the Amazon, would you stop a father cutting a sons finger because in your society is wrong.... Ethics - Ethics Ethics is a topic in which many people or groups of people tend to disregard. There can be many reasons supporting the decisions that business firms or individuals make. In many cases, money or monetary gain can influence people to do unethical things either in the workplace or in everyday life. Ethics can be defined as beliefs that distinguish right from wrong. These beliefs are normally passed down from family so you make the right decisions in the future. Morals are also on the same line as ethics when talking about doing the right thing.... Ethics Officer - ... A code of ethics also helps to empower employees to report unethical behavior witnessed by coworkers or executives within the corporation. Ethics Administrative Agency Another proposal is that the government needs to form an organization that will strictly investigate any serious claims of unethical behavior. Many people may argue that the government already over regulates...
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...The writing process begins the minute you get a writing assignment—whether you are writing a book, an essay, or a single paragraph. It involves all the activities you do, from choosing a topic to turning in a final draft. The phases, or stages, of the writing process are prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting Prewriting refers to all activities that help you explore a subject, generate ideas about it, choose a specific topic, establish a purpose, and analyze the audience for your paragraph or essay. Your mission at this stage is to stimulate your thinking before and during the act of writing. Every time you think of a new idea during the writing process, you are prewriting. Drafting When you have lots of ideas to work with, you are ready to start drafting. Drafting involves writing down your thoughts, developing or expanding some ideas, organizing your thoughts to reflect your purpose, and writing a first version of your paragraph or essay. To start on your draft, you may want to spread out your class notes, journal entries, and other prewriting notes so that you can start to string your ideas together. This is the time to keep your thoughts flowing without worrying too much about grammar, punctuation, mechanics, or spelling. Revising As you may suspect, the process of writing is not finished with your first draft. You should always revise your work to make it stronger and better. Revising involves rethinking your content and organization so that your writing...
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...The writing process begins the minute you get a writing assignment—whether you are writing a book, an essay, or a single paragraph. It involves all the activities you do, from choosing a topic to turning in a final draft. The phases, or stages, of the writing process are prewriting, drafting, revising, and editing. Prewriting Prewriting refers to all activities that help you explore a subject, generate ideas about it, choose a specific topic, establish a purpose, and analyze the audience for your paragraph or essay. Your mission at this stage is to stimulate your thinking before and during the act of writing. Every time you think of a new idea during the writing process, you are prewriting. Drafting When you have lots of ideas to work with, you are ready to start drafting. Drafting involves writing down your thoughts, developing or expanding some ideas, organizing your thoughts to reflect your purpose, and writing a first version of your paragraph or essay. To start on your draft, you may want to spread out your class notes, journal entries, and other prewriting notes so that you can start to string your ideas together. This is the time to keep your thoughts flowing without worrying too much about grammar, punctuation, mechanics, or spelling. Revising As you may suspect, the process of writing is not finished with your first draft. You should always revise your work to make it stronger and better. Revising involves rethinking your content and organization so that your writing...
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...Teaching Listening ‘Nature gave us one tongue and two ears, So we could hear twice as much as we speak.' (Epictetus, Greek philosopher) Listening is the language modality that is used most frequently. It has been estimated that adults spend almost half their communication time listening, and students may receive as much as 90% of their in-school information through listening to instructors and to one another. Not all listening is the same; casual greetings, for example, require a different sort of listening capability than do academic lectures. Language learning requires intentional listening that employs strategies for identifying sounds and making meaning from them. Listening involves a sender (a person, radio and television), a message, and a receiver (the listener). In addition, listeners must deal with the sender's choice of vocabulary, structure, and speed of delivery. The complexity of the listening process is magnified in second language contexts, where the receiver also has incomplete control of the language. Teaching listening skills is one of the most difficult tasks for any ESL teacher. This is because successful listening skills are acquired over time and with lots of practice. It's frustrating for students because there are no rules as in grammar teaching. Speaking and writing also have very specific exercises that can lead to improved skills. This is not to say that there are not ways of improving listening skills; however...
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...for the decade which gives extra oversight and content to the study of the period and an Overview of each dcade. Chapters focus on specific areas of pop culture (Advertising, Books, Entertainment, Fashion, Food Music and much more) supplemented with sidebars containing stories, photos, illustrations and Notable information. There are endnotes for each decade and a Resource Guide and Index. Volume 4 also contains a Cost of Products from 1900-2000, and an Appendix with Classroom Resources for teachers and students and a Cumulative Index. Students, teachers and the general reader will love sifting through the experiences of Americans as they easily follow the crazes, technological breakthroughs and the experiences of art, entertainment, sports and other cultural forces and events that influenced each generation. Reference– Popular Culture BJ Neary Anatomy and Physiology: An Illustrated Guide. New York: Marshall Cavendish Reference, 2010. 978-0-7614-7881-2. 192p. $69.95. Gr. 7+. Following an introductory chapter on cell biology and genetics, this accessible text discusses body systems: circulatory, digestive and excretory, endocrine and exocrine, immune, defense, and lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive,...
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...other uses, see Bradman (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Sir Donald Bradman DonaldBradman.jpg Personal information Full name Donald George Bradman Born 27 August 1908 Cootamundra, New South Wales, Australia Died 25 February 2001 (aged 92) Kensington Park, South Australia, Australia Nickname The Don, The Boy from Bowral, Braddles Height 5 ft 8 in (173 cm)[1] Batting style Right-handed Bowling style Right-arm leg break Role Batsman International information National side Australia Test debut (cap 124) 30 November 1928 v England Last Test 18 August 1948 v England Domestic team information Years Team 1927–34 New South Wales 1935–49 South Australia Career statistics Competition Tests FC Matches 52 234 Runs scored 6,996 28,067 Batting average 99.94 95.14 100s/50s 29/13 117/69 Top score 334 452* Balls bowled 160 2114 Wickets 2 36 Bowling average 36.00 37.97 5 wickets in innings 0 0 10 wickets in match 0 0 Best bowling 1/8 3/35 Catches/stumpings 32/– 131/1 Source: Cricinfo, 16 August 2007 Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), often referred to as "The Don", was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest Test batsman of all time.[2] Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 is often cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport.[3] The story that the young Bradman practised alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part...
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...this milestone, on 18th April 2014, McDonald’s Singapore announced that they will once again collaborate with Sanrio to launch a set of six Hello Kitty dolls named as Hello Kitty Bubbly World. In this latest series of collaboration, Hello Kitty will be dressed up as six of her friends. And they are, ‘Pompompurin’, ‘Osaru No Monichi’, ‘My Melody’, ‘Kerokerokeroppi’, ‘Bad Badtz-Maru’, and ‘Tuxedo Sam’. And furthermore, it is also announced that Singapore will be the first in the world to launch the Hello Kitty Bubbly World. 1.1 Target Audience In this new collaboration, the target audiences are, the toy collectors and fans of Hello Kitty. 1.2 Main Objective The main objective of this new collaboration is not only to celebrate Hello Kitty’s 40th Anniversary, but it is also aim to push the sales of McDonald’s Singapore. In doing so, both Sanrio and McDonald’s have employed the co-branding strategy. However, unlike previous years, where the plush toys are made available over the counter and delivery, for the first time, McDonald’s Singapore will introduce the online order system, partnering Singpost. In doing so, McDonald’s Singapore aim to decrease the amount of people queuing overnight for the plush toys and also the fracas that happened in the previous collaboration. The aim of this essay is to analyze the marketing communication effort of McDonald’s Singapore. 2. Pre-Launch Publicity Build Up In the build-up the launch of the plush toys, McDonald’s Singapore applied...
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...Elements of an Essay/Research Paper Writing Process The series of steps that most writers follow in producing a piece of writing. The five major stages in the writing process are finding a topic and generating ideas (discovering), focusing on a main or controlling idea and mapping out an approach (organizing), preparing a rough draft (drafting), reworking and improving the draft (revising), and proofreading and correcting errors. Discovering – The first stage in the writing process. It may include finding a topic, exploring the topic, determining purpose and audience, probing ideas, doing reading and research, planing and organizing material. Discovery usually involves writing and is aided considerably by putting preliminary thought and plans in writing. Organizing – The sequence in which the information or ideas in an essay are presented. Drafting – The stage in the writing process during which the writer puts ideas into complete sentences, connects them, and organizes them into a meaningful sequence. Revising – The stage in the writing process during which the author makes changes in focus, organization, development, style, and mechanics to make the writing more effective. Editing – The last stage in the writing process during which the writer focuses on the details of mechanics and correctness. Discovering Audience – The readers for whom a piece of writing is intended. Many essays are aimed at a general audience, but a writer can focus on a specific group of readers...
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...CHAP TER Rhetorical Modes 1. NARRATION L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S 10 1. Identify the purpose and structure of narrative writing. 2. Recognize how to write a narrative essay. Rhetorical modes simply mean the ways in which we can effectively communicate through language. This chapter covers nine common rhetorical modes. As you read about these nine modes, keep in mind that the rhetorical mode a writer chooses depends on his or her purpose for writing. Sometimes writers incorporate a variety of modes in one essay. In covering the nine rhetorical modes, this chapter also emphasizes these as a set of tools that will allow you greater flexibility and effectiveness in communicating with your audience and expressing your ideas. rhetorical modes The ways in which we effectively communicate through language. 1.1 The Purpose of Narrative Writing Narration means the art of storytelling, and the purpose of narrative writing is to tell stories. Any time you tell a story to a friend or family member about an event or incident in your day, you engage in a form of narration. In addition, a narrative can be factual or fictional. A factual story is one that is based on, and tries to be faithful to, actual events as they unfolded in real life. A fictional story is a made-up, or imagined, story; the writer of a fictional story can create characters and events as he or she sees fit. However, the big distinction between factual and fictional narratives is based on a writer’s purpose...
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