...PERSONAL INCOME TAX RATES Assessment Year 2010, 2011 and 2012 Chargeable Income | Calculations (RM) | Rate % | Tax(RM) | 0-2500 | On the First 2,500 | 0 | 0 | 2,501-5,000 | Next 2,500 | 1 | 25 | 5,001-10,000 | On the First 5,000 Next 5,000 | 3 | 25 150 | 10,001-20,000 | On the First 10,000 Next 10,000 | 3 | 175 300 | 20,001-35,000 | On the First 20,000 Next 15,000 | 7 | 475 1,050 | 35,001-50,000 | On the First 35,000 Next 15,000 | 12 | 1,525 1,800 | 50,001-70,000 | On the First 50,000 Next 20,000 | 19 | 3,325 3,800 | 70,001-100,000 | On the First 70,000 Next 30,000 | 24 | 7,125 7,200 | Exceeding 100,000 | On the First 100,000 Next RM | 26 | 14,325 .......... | Assessment Year 2009 Chargeable Income | Calculations (RM) | Rate % | Tax(RM) | 0-2500 | On the First 2,500 | 0 | 0 | 2,501-5,000 | Next 2,500 | 1 | 25 | 5,001-10,000 | On the First 5,000 Next 5,000 | 3 | 25 150 | 10,001-20,000 | On the First 10,000 Next 10,000 | 3 | 175 300 | 20,001-35,000 | On the First 20,000 Next 15,000 | 7 | 475 1,050 | 35,001-50,000 | On the First 35,000 Next 15,000 | 12 | 1,525 1,800 | 50,001-70,000 | On the First 50,000 Next 20,000 | 19 | 3,325 3,800 | 70,001-100,000 | On the First 70,000 Next 30,000 | 24 | 7,125 7,200 | 100,001-150,000 | On the First 100,000 Next 50,000 | 27 | 14,325 13,500 | 150,001-250,000 | On the First 150,000 Next 100,000 | 27 | 27,825 27,000 | Exceeding 250,000...
Words: 1269 - Pages: 6
...Effective Personal Income Tax System? Introduction Taxation, as a primary media of the implementation of fiscal policies of various national governments, generally has three primary functions, which come as follow: * Raise funds as a main source of fiscal income of national governments * Stabilize the market and macro economy against market failure * Distribute and redistribute the income among individuals to reduce social wealth inequality The priority of those functions varies from country to country and changes in different phases of social and economic development. For most developing countries, the widening gap between the rich and the poor is not only a major economic issue arousing public concern but also a major social issue. The developed west, yet is in need of effective taxation system to tackle with problems such as everlasting heavy deficit and dim market outlook. Table 1 World Gini Indexes for Major Global Economies in 1990, 2000 and 2010 Year | U.S. | Canada | U.K. | Switzerland | Germany | France | Russia | China | Brazil | India | Japan | 1990 | 42.8 | 35.2 | 36.5 | 34.1 | 34.2 | 29.2 | 25.9 | 32.7 | 60.4 | 31.2 | 26.4 | 2000 | 44.2 | 33.3 | 37.5 | 33.4 | 30.3 | 31.1 | 42 | 40.7 | 58.5 | 32 | 27.6 | 2010 | 47 | 33.6 | 35.9 | 32.4 | 30.5 | 33.2 | 35.9 | 48.1 | 49.5 | 35.6 | 32.1 | Among the taxes of all kinds, personal income tax is one of the most effective monetized tools targeting at individual residents and corresponding income source...
Words: 558 - Pages: 3
...TAXATION PERSONAL INCOME TAX IN THE UNITED STATE Group’s member:Nguyễn Như Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyễn Thùy DungHoàng Bá SơnNgô Thị Ánh TuyếtDate: 15/12/2014 | Table of Contents PART 1. The review on the tax system in the United States 2 1. The tax administration system in United States 2 2. The tax policy system in United States 3 PART 2. The review of the main content of the tax laws 5 I. The scope of application 5 1. Taxable incomes 5 2. Non-taxable 7 3. Payers. 7 II. The taxation bases 9 III. The tax calculation method 10 1. Gross Income 10 2. Adjusted gross income 17 3. Tax Credits 17 4. Tax Rates 20 5. Deductions and exemptions 22 IV. Tax declaration, submission and refund 32 1. Declaration 32 2. Submission 33 3. Refund 34 REFERENCES 36 PART 1. The review on the tax system in the United States Taxation is an important for each country. Taxation provides a material to distribute economic resources towards those with low incomes or special needs. Taxes provide the revenue needed for critical public services such as social security, health care, national defense, and education. 1. The tax administration system in United States The U.S. system of tax administration is based on the principle of self-assessment. In a self-assessment system, taxpayers calculate and pay their own taxes without the intervention of a tax official. If this is not done appropriately and within the prescribed timeframes, the tax administration...
Words: 12375 - Pages: 50
...shares but does not actively work in corporation can draw dividends only. This paper will focus on the active owners of a small business corporation. The analysis will compare the methods and the impact on owners as well as the corporation using each approach. The mix method will also be analyzed and discussed. Basic tax concepts are based on the theory of integration. BDO defines Integration in The Tax Factor, they say that” A tax system is said to be integrated if the same amount of overall tax is paid when the income is earned indirectly through a corporation or directly by an individual.” (BDO Dunwoody, 2009, p.1) According to this theory there should be no difference to the individual regardless of the method chosen. But we know that in order for there to be integration the rates have to be perfectly matched. The tax system in Canada is not perfect and there will be a savings or a cost when drawing dividends (BDO Dunwoody LLP, 2009). Provincial corporate and personal tax rates vary significantly from provinces to province. The corporate tax rates have been very active, consistently dropping in many provinces. Along with tax rates dropping, small business limits have been...
Words: 3252 - Pages: 14
...Chapter 9 Taxation: Income and Wealth Classification of Taxes on Income and Wealth: 1. the personal and corporate income taxes; 2. the transfer taxes, namely, the estate and inheritance taxes; 3. the real property tax on realty used for personal purposes; 4. the individual residence tax, both basic and additional; 5. the tax on motor vehicle used for personal purposes; 6. the immigration tax; 7. firearms license fee; 8. hunting permits; and 9. social security contributions, both of private and public employees. Arguments for Taxes on Income and Wealth Taxation is a fiscal tool of government for the achievement of economic, sometimes non-economic, goals. GOALS: 1. maximum freedom for choice, consistent with the welfare of others; 2. optimum standards of living, in terms of available resources and techniques; 3. an optimum rate of economic growth; and 4. distribution of income in conformity with the standards of equity currently accepted by society. Characteristics of Tax System Economic effects. – The tax structure must be established in such a way as to avoid interference with the attainment of the optimum allocation and use of resources and where possible, to assist in the attainment of the optimum. Equity. – The distribution of the tax burden must conform to the pattern of income distribution regarded as the optimum by the consensus in contemporary society. Minimum costs of collection and compliance, consistent with effective enforcement....
Words: 3264 - Pages: 14
...research about tax planning and ways to save tax for both individual taxpayers and business owners. There are many different types of tax planning that can be beneficial for all taxpayers. Besides that, by researching of ways to help individual taxpayers and business owners to save tax, I have learnt that there are many tax exemptions such as medical, dental, and childcare benefits. Moreover, the government has provided taxpayers with many tax reliefs such as personal relief, wife relief, child relief, medical expenses relief and so many more to help reduce the chargeable income of individual taxpayers. Furthermore, the government also provides tax rebates for individual taxpayers as well. By applying all the knowledge gain into tax planning, taxpayers will be well equipped in managing their taxes and will be able to make prompt payment and be able to fully utilize all the different ways for them to save on tax. Task 1 : Explain what tax planning is. 1.1: Meaning of Tax Planning Tax planning involves planning in order to avail all exemptions, deductions, and rebated provided in Act. The Income tax law itself provides for various methods for tax planning. Tax planning, whether personal or company, are interrelated and integrate part of the planning process. Generally it is provided under tax exemptions, tax deductions, personal rebates and personal reliefs. Tax planning is resorted to maximize the cash inflow and minimize the cash outflow. Since tax is kind of cost...
Words: 3817 - Pages: 16
...While not paying income taxes sounds like a dream come true, it comes at a price. Reducing the amount of our hard earned money going to the government may seem like a great idea; however we often rely on the services that are funded by personal income tax. Reducing the funding for these services and programs will affect the quality and quantity the government is able to provide. Many citizens rely on the government for important programs such as Medicaid and Child Protective Services. Not only does this affect the programs and services government provides and the citizens who depend on those programs, but it also may affect the state and local government when it comes to finding new funding. Arizona provides various programs to the people at low or no cost. The majority of the funding for these programs comes from the General Fund. The General Fund has various monetary sources, the second largest being personal income tax. This accounts for 33% of the fund. The General Fund has no restriction on how the money is spent. This is the most important fund. It seems to be the center for everything. The General Fund finances things such as education, corrections, health services, and many other services and programs. The General Fund provides over 1billion dollars to Medicaid, which makes it the main financial source for this program. Corrections receive just under a billion dollars from the General Fund. The General Fund also plays a large role in funding programs dealing with economic...
Words: 1142 - Pages: 5
...the 1990s: assuring upward mobility for working Americans in the new world economy; resolving the great American dilemma of race; restoring a civil society and strengthening the social ties that foster a sense of community; finding America’s proper role in the post-Cold War world; and rethinking the size, shape, and mission of government in an Information Age. The Foundation explores public controversies over cultural questions—race, ethnicity, gender, religion, morality, and civic education—that are often ignored in conventional political discourse. The Foundation’s Project on Tax Reform and Economic Growth works to develop a tax reform program that is consistent with a progressive distribution of the tax burden, and can help promote stronger job and business formation, greater productivity, and higher family incomes. This report is the first of two new reports outlining the essential features of such a tax reform program. The preface contains more information about the four previous reports produced by this project. To order previous reports or additional copies of this report, please call the Foundation at (202) 546-4482. They are also available on the World Wide Web at http:/ /www.dlcppi.org/economic.htm. The Foundation is a nonpartisan research and educational foundation associated with the Democratic Leadership Council and the...
Words: 21742 - Pages: 87
... | | 1 |LO 1, 2, 5 |Effect of state and local taxes on decision making | |Unchanged |1 | | 2 |LO 1 |Proportional and progressive rates contrasted | |Unchanged |2 | | 3 |LO 2 |Ad valorem tax on realty: conversion from tax-exempt to | |Unchanged |3 | | | |residential status | | | | | 4 |LO 1, 6 |Adam Smith and canon of convenience | |Unchanged |4 | | 5 |LO 2 |Use taxes | |Unchanged |5 | | 6 |LO 2 |Excise and general sales taxes compared | |Unchanged |6 | | 7 |LO 2 |Federal gift tax and use of annual exclusions | |Unchanged |7 |...
Words: 3643 - Pages: 15
...Costs of Financial Distress 16.1 Good Time Company is a regional chain department store. It will remain in business for one more year. The probability of a boom year is 60% and a recession is 40%. It is projected that Good Time will generate a total cash flow of $250 million in a boom year and $100 million in a recession. The firm’s required debt payment at the end of the year is $150 million. The market value of Good Time’s outstanding debt is $108.93 million. Assume a one-period model, risk neutrality, and an annual discount rate of 12% for both the firm’s debt and equity. Good Time pays no taxes. a. What is the value of the firm’s equity? b. What is the promised return on Good Time’s debt? c. What is the value of the firm? d. How much would Good Time’s debt be worth if there were no bankruptcy costs? e. What payoff, after bankruptcy costs, do bondholders expect to receive in the event of a recession? f. What cost do bondholders expect Good Time to incur should bankruptcy arise at the end of the year? 16.2 Steinberg Corporation and Dietrich Corporation are identical firms except that Dietrich is more levered. Both companies will remain in business for one more year. The companies’ economists agree that the probability of a recession next year is 20% and the probability of a continuation of the current expansion is 80%. If the expansion continues, each firm will generate earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of $2 million...
Words: 2393 - Pages: 10
... many countries applied the system of progressive income tax, which was earlier applied in Western Europe. But it soon turned out to be a system that discouraged economic growth. Therefore, some of these countries since 1994 have established the system of flat tax. Flat tax implies the application of a single-level tax system. Flat tax is applied in consideration of the supposition that all income should be taxed only once during their circulation, precisely when they are owned. Flat tax system refers to the unification of taxes in two taxing plans: personal income tax, which is levied on the total income of the individual and corporate tax, which is levied on the profits made by the companies. Flat tax was firstly applied in Albania during 2008 after two years of debates. The tax refers to the application of a 10% levied on the profit or on the total personal income. Keywords, flat tax, progressive tax, rates taxes, tax system in Albania, the consequences of taxation The notion of taxation has been known since the establishment of states. A social organization, as primitive as it may be, requires sufficient financial means to accomplish its goals. Taxes are a substantial means of providing the financial resources of a country. They occupy the leading place in the public income of modern countries. The great part of our neighboring countries and countries with quite a similar economic situation as ours are applying flat tax. So as to improve the economic situation and the fiscal...
Words: 2359 - Pages: 10
...three years, which they would like to use to offset income from other sources. They also are concerned about exposing their personal assets to business liabilities. Write a short paper advising Bill and Darlene what business form you would recommend for them as they start up their business. State any assumptions you make. Bill and Darlene’s concerns; as they consider the type of business form to assume are very legitimate and are very important things to consider. Entrepreneurs have certain goals when choosing a structure for their business these includes protecting their personal assets from business claims that is; limited liability and having business profits taxed on their individual tax returns. The recommendation for Bill and Darlene would be an S corporation. An S corporation is a regular corporation that has elected S corporation tax status. Forming an S corporation allows for the limited liability of a corporate shareholder; however income taxes are paid based on a structure of a sole proprietor or a partnership. In an S corporation, all business profits pass through to the owners, who report them on their personal tax returns as with a sole proprietorships, partnerships, and LLCs. An S corporation is not required to pay income tax but an S corporation with more than one owner an informational tax return must be filed as is the case with a partnership or LLC, to report each shareholder's portion of the corporate income. Most states including Connecticut follow the federal...
Words: 909 - Pages: 4
...Arayawna Moore ACCT 613- Federal Income Taxation February 22, 2014 University of Maryland University College Susan K. Duke Issue: The Dynamic Effects of Personal and Corporate Income Tax Changes in the United States within the Labor Market Rule: * Most corporate income is subject to a 35% statutory tax rate * Taxpayers with an ordinary income tax rate of 15% or less pay the 0% rate on dividends. Taxpayers in the 25%, 28%, 33%, and 35% tax brackets are subject to a 15% tax rate on dividends. * 26 U.S. Code § 861 - Income from sources within the United States * 26 U.S. Code § 3510 - Coordination of collection of domestic service employment taxes with collection of income taxes * 26 U.S. Code § 3401 - Definitions Analysis: This article helps the reader look beyond the impact of tax changes on output or revenues allowing us to gain further insight into how tax changes are transmitted to the economy and into possible differences between the two tax components; personal and corporate income tax. The authors point out that changes in taxes may impact on costs of production and may affect inflation, to the extent that cost changes are passed into prices. There are important differences in how personal and corporate income tax changes affect the labor market. Studies that focus exclusively on total average tax rates or revenues are therefore only of limited use for assessing the ability of tax policy to affect employment at...
Words: 738 - Pages: 3
...The Balance Sheet, 2-11 The Income Statement and 2-24 The Statement of Cash Flows Problem 1.1 The most important difference between a corporation and all other organizational forms are corporation is considered by law to be a unique legal entity, separate and apart from its owners, they are responsible for their own liability and business debts, and therefore shareholders’ liability is normally always limited to the amount of money they paid for their shares. A corporation can be taxed; it can be sued; it can enter into contractual agreements. A corporation also pays its own taxes at the corporate income tax rate and files its own corporate tax forms each year. Moreover, Corporations cannot deduct dividends from business income. Problem 1.2 Limited liability mean their liability is limited to their investment and limited liability companies means a limited partnership without a general partner. Problem 1.3 Corporations and limited liability companies give owners limited liability. Limited partnerships provide limited liability for the limited partners, but not for the general partners Problem 1.4 Advantages: * Limited liability and perpetual life * Stockholders, directors, officers are typically not liable for the company’s debts and obligations * In the US, corporations are generally taxed at lower rate Disadvantages: * High cost * Must follow complex rules and regulations than others * Have to pay double tax Problem 1.5 The difference...
Words: 649 - Pages: 3
...Tax Midterm Chapter 1: Taxation- Its role in decision making Taxation and the financial decision process * Taxation is a controllable cost * Tax cost = cost of doing business * Analyzed to determine which actions or activities have a greater/lesser impact on the resulting tax cost * Each alternative= different impact on the amount of tax and the timing of the payment of tax * Even if marketing decision = direct effect on the long term tax cost of the firm → thus on profits and value * Tax= important on any decision making * Tax costs are relevant when alternative strategies are being considered * Cash flow (CF) exists only on an after-tax basis * All CF= after tax * NPV compared and ranked * Shows the actual value of the individual/corporation * Analysis can’t be of value unless the real tax impact is included * Alternative action to minimize the tax impact * After tax = % of interest x (1 – Tax rate) * 5% dividend on the equity of a “public corporation” = not deductible to the business → after tax = 5% (real cost) * Net value to individual investor subject to 45% tax rate = 3.6% (after applying dividend tax credit) The fundamental income tax structure and its complexity Taxpayers * Individuals * Corporations * Trusts | Business & investment structures * Proprietorship * Corporation * Partnership * Limited partnership * Joint venture...
Words: 6661 - Pages: 27