...WORKING IN THE 21st CENTURY LECTURE 4 Career Theories KRUMBOLTZ’S THEORY • Krumboltz (1984, 1990, 1996) describe social learning theory* of career choice based on the behaviour theory of Bandura (1977) • Krumboltz identifies four factors interact to produce the career path: – Genetic endowment & special abilities; – Environmental conditions & events; – Learning experiences; and – Task approach skills. SEE PGS 53-58 OF TEXT * Described in text pg 55 KAMAL KANT, 2013 2 KAMAL KANT, 2013 3 GENETIC ENDOWMENT refers to innate aspects rather than those that are learnt. These include: •Physical appearance; •Race •Gender; •Intelligence; •Musical ability; •Artistic ability; •Muscular coordination; and •Predisposition to certain illness. LEARNING EXPERIENCES: •Instrumental learning experiences; •Associative learning experiences; TASK APPROACH SKILLS: •Goals setting; •Values clarification; •Generating alternatives; and •Obtaining career information ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS refers to: •The number & nature of job opportunities; •The number & nature of training opportunities; •Social policies and procedures for selecting trainees and employees; •Rate of return for various occupations; •Labour laws and union rules; •Physical events (e.g. hurricanes; earthquakes, etc); •Availability of and demand for natural resources; •Technological development; •Changes in social organisation; •Family training, experiences and resources; •Educational systems; •Neighbourhood and...
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...Introduction * * This assignment outlines some of the key findings and managerial implications of the Author’s Self, based on the Pearson, Prentice Hall Self-Assessment question bank. The selected question areas are grouped under three main categories of ““About Me”, “Working with Others”, and “Life in Organizations”. Firstly the assignment gives and opening to what self- assessment is. Second it dives deep to discuss the three areas mentioned above in detail. The assignment is given life by charts and figures created by the author to showcase the scores obtained in the self-assessment library. Lastly a two page description is given on what steps needs to be taken in order to arrive at the desirable state, followed by a conclusion which wraps up the discussion. * Self-Assessment It is said that a person’s perception of his abilities have consequences for his actions. If Shakespeare had a low self-belief, nobody would have come to know Macbeth. According to Ehrlinger and Dunning, as cited by Martinez and Swank (2003) one possible reason why women avoid career in science is that they underestimate their scientific reasoning ability. What is Self – Assessment? Self-Assessment acts as a powerful mechanism which allows an individual to look at their own performance, form conclusions about performance levels and act on those to create a development plan. Before any individual or organization try to develop a plan for performance improvement, it is first critical...
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...Personality Types This world is a unique place. The people who live in this world also have unique characteristics. Every single person is different from physical appearances to personalities. Even identical twins who have identical physical appearances may not have the same personality types. Psychologists have used a variety of personality tests to identify a person’s personality type. Frank Farley, the president of the American Psychological Association, coined his own terms for how different types of people engage the world. There are two types of people: Type-T and Type-t. Type-T personalities are willing to take risks, challenges, and changes. Type-t personalities are not willing to take risks, dislike the unfamiliar, and like the predictable. The society needs different personality types in order to function properly. Not everybody has the potential to be a Type-T person. However, Type-T people are needed in our society. There need to be people who are willing to take the risks and challenges in order for the economy to grow, new technologies to be invented, and new measures for government to enact in order to make changes. For example, one needs to be very brave to be a police officer. If nobody in a society is willing to take the risk of being in danger or getting killed, then there would not be any police officers to enforce the laws, catch criminals, or protect the citizens. A society without any police is hard to imagine. First of all, crime rates may increase...
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...continuing his education. We met on several occasions to discuss his concerns and allow me a chance to interview Kyle about information I felt was pertinent to the issue at hand. Kyle has some doubts about whether he is qualified to attend the University of his choice, Duke University. He is also concerned with whether he will be successful at all in his future education and career. The purpose of testing Kyle is to provide him with guidance about his future college major and continuing education. Testing Kyle will help determine his strengths, weaknesses and interests to help him find the career and college major that best match his personality. ASSESSMENT METHODS: Examinee Biography Otis-Lennon School Ability Tests (OLSAT) California Psychological Inventory (CPI) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Strong Interest Inventory (Strong)| Big 5 Personality Inventory EXAMINEE BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Kyle Smith is a 17 year old senior at Erwin High School in the small town of Erwin. He is 5'8" and weighs about 143 lbs. Kyle lives with both of his parents and also has two older brothers who left the house when Kyle was around eight years old. Kyle's paternal grandfather was an alcoholic and abandoned his family when Kyle's dad was young. Kyle's dad only received a fifth grade education before he had to quit school to work in the mills. Now he works very hard and supports his family during the week, but is a weekend alcoholic. Kyle describes his dad...
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...Name of Assessment: What’s My Jungarian 16 Type Personality? Individual Score: ENFP National Score: N/A Agree or Disagree?: Agree This assessment delves into the various personality traits that include Introverted or Extroverted (I or E), Sensing or Intuitive (S or iN), and Perceiving or Judging (P or J). These traits are the combined into a series of 4 letters that describe one’s personality. There are sixteen combinations of personality types that can be formed from this assessment. When deciding if one is Introverted or Extraverted, it is important to understand the flow of energy which essentially “defines how we receive the essential part of our stimulation.” If one receives their flow of energy from themselves, then they can be classified as Introverted but if they rely on external sources then they are Extraverted. How we take in information deals with our preferred way of absorbing. Does one rely on their five senses to absorb information? Then this individual would be characterized as Sensing! If the individual relies solely on their instincts then they can be classified as Intuitive. The last two categories deal with how an individual makes decisions. If the individual is prone to making decisions based on logic and objective considerations then they are classified as Thinking but if they make decisions based on one’s personal value system then they are classified as Feeling (BSM Consulting, 2012). These six categories presented me with the classification...
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...Communication and Collaboration Strategies Homework Assignment Week 2 GEN/200 Foundations for General Education and Professional Success Prof. Giselle Bayard May 29, 2011 Communication and Collaboration Strategies When it comes to learning, there is no set or standard way for everyone to learn. In fact, every person has their own way of learning and interpreting what they learn as they perceive it. Upon completing the assessments, which emphasize on learning and personality, several learning styles and personality types have been identified. These learning styles and personality types will help develop an effective strategy for communicating and collaborating with others in a group setting. Learning Styles Three main learning styles identified upon the completion of the assessment were; interpersonal, visual spatial, and musical styles. The assessment results identify interpersonal learning as the primary learning style. Interpersonal learning, according to Carter, et al. (2007), is described as the ability to relate to others, noticing their moods, motivations and feelings through teamwork and cooperative learning activities. Interpersonal learning allows for an exchange of ideas between team members as well as personal opinions. An efficient strategy for effective communication and collaboration among others through interpersonal learning is sharing knowledge through exchange of ideas and taking all ideas into consideration brought forth by everyone. Following...
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...a more effective leader and further my career within University of Phoenix. A major factor in effective business is Communication. Communication fosters motivation by clarifying to employees what is to be done, how well they are doing, and what can be done to improve performance…The formation of specific goals, feedback on progress, and reinforcement of desired behavior all stimulate motivation and require communication (Brooks & Judge, 2007). To communicate effectively one must first determine how people perceive them. People’s perceptions affect how well the message is coming across to others. So in order for anyone to become a more poised, lucid and comprehensible speaker they must first understand what type of personality they have. Without the knowledge of how people perceive me, I may not know if I am being an effective leader. The processes of perception routinely alter what humans see. When people view something with a preconceived concept about it, they tend to take those concepts and see them whether or not they are there. This problem stems from the fact that humans cannot understand new information, without the inherent bias of their previous knowledge. A person’s knowledge creates his or her reality as much as the truth because the human mind can only contemplate that to...
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...Communicating and Collaborating Hannae Warren GEN/200 09 September 2011 Kim Maclin Communicating and Collaborating In order to communicate and collaborate effectively as a group, everyone needs to adapt to the other team member’s learning styles and personality types. Everyone is unique with how he or she learns and communicates. This paper will explore strategies to effectively communicate and collaborate within a group with team members that have logical/mathematical, interpersonal, and verbal learning styles, and organizer, giver, and thinker personality types. Logical/mathematical learners study or learn best by organizing material logically, developing systems and finding patterns, writing outlines and developing charts and graphs, and by analyzing the information. (Carter, Bishop, & Kravitz, 2007, p.44). They reason inductively, deductively, and scientifically, they are able to perform complex calculations, they are able to recognize abstract patterns, and discern relationships and connections. (Carter, Bishop, & Kravitz, 2007, p.43). This type of learner would be the best candidate to find the appropriate approach to the assignment that has been given to a team. They are apt to making lists, organizing, and making agendas. So who better than the logical/mathematical learner to begin the assignment process? They should also be the individuals to go over the assignment at the end to make sure there are no errors because they are able to find...
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...better. The next giant leap in organizational performance will require managers and employees alike to understand the dynamics that are behind the effects of their behavior on themselves and others. Personality and Behavior Analysis Behavior analysis provides managers with tools they need to be more effective in developing relationships. Too often employers believe that the root cause of most employees’ performance problems is related to who they are (their personality) rather than what they do (their behavior.) They tend to communicate the belief -- often unintentionally -- that performance problems are related to personality. The solution is therefore to change the employee through some process or to get another employee. This not only doesn’t work but communicates blame to employees from a moral perspective. Personality Insight Big Five Model After completing the Big Five Model, the five-factor model of personality, results revealed my personality to be introverted, moderately agreeable, moderately dependable and responsible, possessed with negative emotional stability, and conventional in experiences (Robbins and Judge, 2007, p. 108). As an adult now, I often reflect on my personality and find certain characteristics that are a lot like those of my mother. According to Robbins and Judge, “The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s...
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...Nicki A Anobah Analysis of Team Charter University of Phoenix There are very many individual differences among my team members when it comes to our personality types, listening skills, trust levels and emotional intelligences. We differ when it comes to our personality types, which ranges from being imaginative, sensitive and intellectual to others being calm, secure and enthusiastic. Four of out of the five members listening skills ranges from well listeners to needing improvement, trust levels scores range from one being very low to four being very high. Our emotional intelligence scores range from thirty to fifty with fifty being the highest. In looking at our personality types, majority of fell under type a personality type. This type work well alone rather then on teams and tends to experience high level of school. Long term projects are frustrating as we want to see results. We are very competitive, and try to do many things at once. We strive to do two or more things at once and a lot done in a short time period and can be difficulty to get along with because type A personality are so driven. One person with a type B personality is the exact opposites. They reflect on everything they do very patience with decision making and get along with pretty much anybody. Our listening skills scores range from forty seven to sixty seven. Our listening skill needs improvement when it comes to paying attention to people and we tend to formulate a response while the other person...
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...1- There are 5 types of defense mechanisms listed in the textbook on page 114. Explore 3 types and detail what is your normal reaction to those types. How did these mechanisms help you to reduce your stress, even if only temporary? Answer-Five types of defense mechanisms are typical of most people who experience extended levels of stress. Three types which I am going to elaborate are- 1. Aggression 2. Regression 3. Repression First we will talk about aggression Aggression - This involves attacking the stressor directly. It may also involve attacking oneself, other people or even object (eg. Whacking e computer).In my opinion aggression can be very bad in certain situation mainly while driving .If you are showing your aggression on yourself then you may can hit yourself or can get harm to yourself. It does happen to every individual as it happens to me too. When I was a kid I used to get angry on small issues but as I grew up I saw changes in my attitude and I learnt how to take care of my anger. 2. Regression- Regression is the reversion to an earlier stage of development in the face of unacceptable thoughts or impulses. For an example an adolescent who is overwhelmed with fear, anger and growing sexual impulses might become clingy and start exhibiting earlier childhood behaviors he has long since overcome, such as bedwetting. An adult may regress when under a great deal of stress, refusing to leave their bed and engage in normal, everyday activities. It does happen to...
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...John Holland Careers and Personality | Understanding that we are not defined by our job titles is an important part of developing a healthy and sustainable self-image because many of us find our self-image through our jobs. * Identify and explain which of Holland’s six personality types relates to you the most? (Review Table 2.1 in Chapter Two for a list of personality types, characteristics, and matching careers.) * Does your current career or future career goals match a career that fits your personality type? * How might career satisfaction impact self-image? Use Adult Development and Life Assessment as your primary source for this discussion, and include at least one in-text citation and a reference in APA formatting at the end of the post. Please be sure to highlight the citation in yellow. Remember, the citation is included in your content and the reference is added at the bottom of your post. Using the toolbar on the textbox window, highlight the citation in yellow. Review the PSY202: Writing Resource for an example. Your initial response should be 150-200 words in length and is due by Thursday, Day 3. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Monday, Day 7. (You must create one initial post and at least two responses, for a minimum of three posts for this discussion.) Out of the six personality types created by Holland the type that relates to me the most is the Conventional (organizer). A conventional organizer likes to work with numbers...
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...Communication and collaboration may be the most important skills that individuals need through all aspects of their lives. However, these skills may also be the most difficult skills to master. Communication and collaboration with individuals are difficult skills because of the variety of learning styles and personality types that each individual may have. Understanding different learning styles and personality types can aid in communication and collaboration. By knowing about learning styles and personality types, an individual can adjust communication to a form best received by the other individual. The first step in mastering these skills is to understand learning styles. According to Keys to College Studying, there are eight different learning styles or multiple intelligences. Three of these, and the three that I have heard about most often, are Verbal/Linguistic, Visual/Spatial, and Bodily/Kinesthetic. Verbal/Linguistic learners have the ability to communicate through language. Their strengths include listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Visual/Spatial learners understand spatial relationships and can perceive and create images that assist with their understanding. Bodily/kinesthetic learners have the ability to take in information through bodily sensation. These three learning styles include the people whom learn best by hearing the material, seeing the material, or learning by doing. Each learning style brings its own challenge concerning communication and collaborating...
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...our physical health? The answer in simple terms would be yes, but we each would have to understand what triggers stress within us individually and learn the steps to manage out stressors. Mujtaba and McCartney speak on stress, personality, and behavior in their book. Their article has examples of different personalities as well as ones awareness and self esteem which also affect individual stressors. There are two personality types that can help with some stress management techniques. Type A personality and type B personalities are different in character and seem to be stressed by different factors. Type A personality “often include characteristics such as being overly aggressive, impatient, inconsiderate, and arrogant”.(Mujtaba p.102) These are qualities that not many people want to be associated with, but they are frequently labeled as such because of their drive to work and be successful by their own hard work and dedication. Type A can at times be perceived to work harder than those with Type B personalities because Type B individuals are “viewed as less successful since they do not demonstrate the characteristics that are expected in a competitive type of work environment” (Mujtaba p. 103) There are some advantages to the more laid back personality of Type B because of they appear to have much more patience and don’t add as much quantitative overload of stress to their lives. Quantitative overload is when one take additional...
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...1.1 Background of the study We are assigned to prepare a term paper on “Type A personality and occupational stress” to fulfill our MGT 251 course requirement. We include 10 respondents personality of Bank Asia Limited and find out the relation among personality, stress and job performance. In working environment there may be various job related stress. Personality affects the stress. Because the ability of adopt with the level of stress depends on the Type of Personality. And the level of stress affects the employee’s performance. 1.2 Objective of the study The objective of the study is to determine the personality and level of job stress experienced by the employees of Bank Asia Limited. We find out whether there is a significant difference in term of the occupational stress level experienced by the Type A personality employees. We also try to develop a new stress model and show the relationship among occupational stress, personality and performance. 1.3 Methodology of the study To prepare our term paper we have gathered information through both of primary and secondary resources. We have visited the selected organization to take information from the personnel of Bank Asia Limited.. Also collected data and necessary information by interviewing officials .The information has been gathered from the internet and different books about the topic for theoretical part. 1.4 Scope of the study The scope of the study is limited within banking sector in Bangladesh...
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