WHAT’S YOUR TYPE?
ISTJ
“DOING WHAT
SHOULD BE
DONE”

ISTP
“READY TO TRY
ANYTHING
ONCE”

ESTP
“THE ULTIMATE
REALISTS”

ESTJ
“LIFE’S
ADMINISTRATORS”

INTJ

ISFJ

INFJ

“A HIGH SENSE
OF DUTY”

“AN INSPIRATION
TO OTHERS”

ISFP

INFP

“SEES MUCH BUT
SHARES LITTLE”

“PERFORMING
NOBLE SERVICE
TO AID SOCIETY”

ESFP

ENFP

ENTP

“YOU ONLY GO
AROUND ONCE
IN LIFE”

“GIVING LIFE
AN EXTRA
SQUEEZE”

“ONE EXCITING
CHALLENGE
AFTER ANOTHER”

“EVERYTHING
HAS ROOM FOR
IMPROVEMENT”

INTP
“A LOVE OF
PROBLEMSOLVING”

ESFJ

ENFJ

ENTJ

“HOSTS AND
HOSTESSES OF
THE WORLD”

“SMOOTH
TALKING
PERSUADERS”

“LIFE’S
NATURAL
LEADERS”

Based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

sm

Where are you on the diagram above? Are you an ENFJ – someone who spends his or her time involved with the things around them (“E” for Extravert), sees the world in terms of possibilities (“N” for iNtuitive), makes decisions based on subjective judgment (“F” for Feeler), and lives life in a decisive, orderly manner (“J” for Judger)? Are you an ISTP – someone who spends his or her time in reflection (“I” for Introvert), see the world in terms of practical facts (“S” for Sensor), makes decisions based on objective analysis (“T” for Thinker), and lives life in a spontaneous, flexible way (“P” for
Perceiver)? Or are you one of the fourteen other combinations? In Type Talk, Otto Kroeger and Janet
M. Thuesan show you exactly how to determine your personality type, using a scientifically validated method based on the work of C. G. Jung. Type Talk offers insight into why others behave the way they do, and why you are the person you are – on the job, as a parent, in relationships, and in all aspects of daily life.
16 PERSONALITY TYPES
WITH

SELECTED BRIEF EXPLANATIONS
AND
EXPOSITIONS

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

For my patients and those who would benefit from gaining insight and a fuller understanding into and about your personality traits and those elusive influences that steer many of your life choices; that you may further enrich your life, increase more of what works for you and decrease what does not; deepen rapport and your connection with lovedones and friends; maintain good health and high spirits and reduce stress; and last, but not finally, make your way in the world and enhance creative and business endeavors and your service to others.
I have taken the liberty of offering up David Keirsey’s temperament sorter with information and references from both Keirsey and Myers-Briggs all of whom have written books and offer questionnaires for elucidating and organizing feedback about your personality and assisting in making life choices.
You have my best wishes for an interesting and informative exercise which is not the end but merely a new beginning. Follow-through and discover your rewards.
Marie Margenau-Spatz, Ph.D.

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

Page 2 of 9

Page 3 of 9

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*
CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TYPE
SENSING TYPES

INTUITIVE TYPES

INTROVERTS

ISFJ

INFJ

INTJ

Serious, quiet, earn success by concentration and thoroughness.
Practical,
orderly, matter-of-fact, logical, realistic and dependable. See to it that everything is well organized.
Take responsibility. Make up their own minds as to what should be accomplished and work toward it steadily, regardless of protests or distractions. Quiet, friendly, responsible and conscientious. Work devotedly to meet their obligations and serve their friends and school. Thorough, painstaking, accurate. May need time to master technical subjects, as their interests are usually not technical. Patient with detail and routine.
Loyal,
considerate, concerned with how other people feel.

Succeed by perseverance, originality and desire to do whatever is needed or wanted. Put their best efforts into their work. Quietly forceful, conscientious, concerned for others. Respected for their firm principles. Likely to be honored and followed for their clear convictions as to how best to serve the common good.

Usually have original minds and great drive for their own ideas and purposes. In fields that appeal to them, they have a fine power to organize a job and carry it through with or without help.
Skeptical,
critical, independent, determined, often stubborn. Must learn to yield less important points in order to win the most important. ISFP

INFP

Retiring, quietly friendly, sensitive, kind, modest about their abilities.
Shun
disagreements, do not force their opinions or values on others. Usually do not care to lead but are often loyal followers. Often relaxed about getting things done, because they enjoy the present moment and do not want to spoil it by undue haste or exertion.

Full of enthusiasms and loyalties, but seldom talk of these until they know you well. Care about learning, ideas, language, and independent projects of their own. Tend to undertake too much, then somehow get it done. Friendly, but often too absorbed in what they are doing to be sociable. Little concerned with possessions or physical surroundings.

ISTP
Cool onlookers – quiet, reserved, observing and analyzing life with detached curiosity and unexpected flashes of original humor.
Usually
interested in impersonal principles, cause and effect, how and why mechanical things work.
Exert themselves no more than they think necessary, because any waste of energy would be inefficient.

ESFP

Matter-of-fact, do not worry or hurry, enjoy whatever comes along. Tend to like mechanical things and sports, with friends on the side. May be a bit blunt or insensitive. Can do math or science when they see the need. Dislike long explanations. Are best with real things that can be worked, handled, taken apart or put together.

Outgoing, easygoing, accepting, friendly, enjoy everything and make things more fun for others by their enjoyment. Like sports and making things. Know what’s going on and join in eagerly.
Find
remembering facts easier than mastering theories. Are best in situations that need sound common sense and practical ability with people as well as with things.

ESFJ

ESTJ
Practical, realistic, matter-offact, with a natural head for business or mechanics. Not interested in subjects they see no use for, but can apply themselves when necessary.
Like to organize and run activities. May make good administrators, especially if they remember to consider others’ feelings and points of view. Warm-hearted, talkative, popular, conscientious, born cooperators, active committee members. Need harmony and may be good at creating it. Always doing something nice for someone.
Work
best with encouragement and praise.
Little interest in abstract thinking or technical subjects.
Main interest is in things that directly and visibly affect people’s lives.

SENSING TYPES

Quiet, reserved, brilliant in exams, especially in theoretical or scientific subjects. Logical to the point of hair-splitting.
Usually
interested mainly in ideas, with little liking for parties or small talk. Tend to have sharply defined interests.
Need to choose careers where some strong interest can be used and useful.

ENFP

ENTP

Warmly enthusiastic, highspirited, ingenious, imaginative. Able to do almost anything that interests them. Quick with a solution for any difficulty and ready to help anyone with a problem.
Often rely on their ability to improvise instead of preparing in advance. Can usually find compelling reasons for whatever they want. Quick, ingenious, good at many things. Stimulating company, alert and outspoken. May argue for fun on either side of a question. Resourceful in solving new and challenging problems, but may neglect routine assignments. Apt to turn to one new interest after another. Skillful in finding logical reasons for what they want. ENTJ

ENFJ
Responsive and responsible.
Generally feel real concern for what others think or want, and try to handle things with due regard for other people’s feelings. Can present a proposal or lead a group discussion with ease and tact. Sociable, popular, active in school affairs, but put time enough on their studies to do good work.

Hearty, frank, able in studies, leaders in activities.
Usually good in anything that requires reasoning and intelligent talk, such as public speaking. Are usually well-informed and enjoy adding to their fund of knowledge. May sometimes be more positive and confident than their experience in an area warrants. INTUITIVE TYPES

CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH EACH TYPE

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

EXTRAVERTS

EXTRAVERTS

ESTP

INTP

INTROVERTS

ISTJ

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

Page 4 of 9

Selected Personality Type Information
The Keirsey Temperament Sorter, like all personality tests, is only a preliminary and rough indicator of personality. Please do not accept any personality test results without checking them out by watching people in action. People-watching will enable you to detect the difference between what people say they do habitually and what they actually do. Sometimes the test does not accurately identify your personality, but it may give you a place to start looking for a portrait that fits. Perhaps after you have read many of the portraits (see abbreviated descriptions below) and even asked others which of the portraits best describe you, you may be able to begin to define your own personality. After you complete the scoring of your answers to the Questionnaire, you have now identified your “type”. It should be one of the following:
INFP
ENFP
INFJ
ENFJ

ISFP
ESFP
ISFJ
ESFJ

INTP
ENTP
INTJ
ENTJ

ISTP
ESTP
ISTJ
ESTJ

If you have an X in your type, yours is a mixed type. An X can show up in any of the four pairs: E or I, S or N, T or
F, and J or P. Hence there are 32 mixed types beside the 16 listed above:
XNTP
XNTJ
XNFP
XNFJ
XS TP
XSTJ
XSFP
XSFJ

E XTP
E XTJ
E XFP
E XFJ
IXTP
IXTJ
IXFP
IXFJ

ENXP
INXP
EN XJ
IN XJ
ES XP
ISXP
ES XJ
ISXJ

ENTX
INTX
ENF X
INF X
ES TX
ISTX
ESF X
ISFX

Having identified type, the task now is to read the type description and to decide how well or how poorly the description and to decide how well or how poorly the description fits. You will find a description or portrait of your type in the pages to follow as well as in the book, Please Understand Me. If you have an X in your type, yours is a combination of two types. If, for example, the E and I scores are equal and the type is, say, XSFJ, then you would read both ESFJ and ISFJ portraits and decide for yourself which parts of each description are applicable.
One may also profit from reading the portrait of one’s opposite to see how things are ‘on the other side’. (How one proceeds after reading one’s own type portrait depends largely upon temperament. Some of the types will read several other portraits before returning to the text, while others will return immediately to the text. Some may never read all sixteen of the type descriptions.) As will be shown, the typology is useful if an observer can distinguish between four types of temperament. It is not at all necessary to make these finer distinctions. However, such differences can become useful after long study.
Indicator questions deal with the way you like to use your perception and judgment, that is, the way you like to look at things and the way you like to go about deciding things. The answers given reflect four separate preferences called
EI, SN, TF and JP. The four letters of your “type” tell how you came out on all four preferences. What is preference means is shown below.
Each combination of preferences tends to be characterized by its own set of interests, values and skills. Above are 16 very brief descriptions of each type. Find the one matching your four letters and see whether or not it fits you. If it doesn’t, try to find one that does. Whatever your preferences, of course, you may still use some behaviors characteristic of contrasting preferences, but not with equal liking or skill. This tendency may be greater if preferences strength on a scale is low (under 15). For a more complete discussion of the types and their vocational and personal implications, see David Keirsey, best selling book, Please Understand Me.

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

Page 5 of 9

Brief Descriptions of The Sixteen Types
ENTJ
Intuitive, innovative ORGANIZER; aggressive, analytic, systematic; more tuned to new ideas and possibilities than to people’s feelings.
ESTJ
Fact-minded, practical ORGANIZER; aggressive analytic, systematic; more interested in getting the job done than in people’s feeling.
INTP
Inquisitive ANALYZER; reflective, independent, curious; more interested in organizing ideas than situations or people.
ISTP
Practical ANALYZER; values exactness; more interested in organizing data than situations or people; reflective, a cool and curious observer of life.

ISFP
Observant, loyal HELPER; reflective, realistic, empathic; patient with details, gentle and retiring; shuns disagreements; enjoys the moment.
INFP
Imaginative, independent HELPER; reflective, inquisitive, empathic, loyal to ideals; more interested in possibilities than practicalities. ESFJ
Practical HARMONIZER and worker-with-people; sociable, orderly, opinioned; conscientious, realistic and well tuned to the here and now.
ENFJ
Imaginative HARMONIZER and worker-with-people; sociable, expressive, orderly, opinioned, conscientious; curious about new ideas and possibilities.

ESTP
REALISTIC ADAPTER in the world of material things; good natured, tolerant, easy going; oriented to practical, first hand experience; highly observant of details of things.

INFJ
People-oriented INNOVATOR of ideas; serious, quietly forceful and preserving; concerned with the common good, with helping others develop.

ESFP
REALISTIC ADAPTER in human relationships; friendly and easy with people, highly observant of their feelings and needs; oriented to practical, first hand experience.

INTJ
Logical, critical, decisive INNOVATOR of ideas; serious, intent, highly independent, concerned with organization, determined and often stubborn.

ISTJ
Analytical MANAGER OF FACTS AND DETAILS; dependable, decisive, painstaking and systematic; concerned with systems and organization; stable and conservative.

ENFP
Warmly enthusiastic PLANNER OF CHANGE; imaginative, individualistic; pursues inspiration with impulsive energy; seeks to understand and inspire others.

ISFJ
Sympathetic MANAGER OF FACTS AND DETAILS; concerned with peoples’ welfare; dependable, painstaking and systematic; stable and conservative.

ENTP
Inventive, analytical PLANNER OF CHANGE; enthusiastic and independent; pursues inspiration with impulsive energy; seeks to understand and inspire others.

E An E for extraversion probably means you relate more

I An I for introversion probably means you relate more easily

easily to the other world of people and things than to the inner world of ideas.

to the inner world of ideas than to the outer world of people and things.

S

N An N for intuition probably means you would rather

An S for sensing probably means you would rather work with known facts than look for possibilities and relationships. T

A T for thinking probably means you base your

look for possibilities and relationships than work with known facts. F An F for feeling probably means you base your judgments

judgments more on impersonal analysis and logic than on personal values.

more on personal values than on impersonal analysis and logic.

J

P A P for the perceptive attitude probably means you like a

A J for the judging attitude probably means you like a planned, decided, orderly way of life better than a flexible, spontaneous way.

flexible, spontaneous way of life better than a planned, decided, orderly way.

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

Page 6 of 9

THE TEMPERAMENTS
From David Keirsey”s Website: http://www.keirsey.com/

GUARDIAN SJs, being CONCRETE in communicating and COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in LOGISTICS. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations are often supervising and inspecting
(SJT administering), or supplying and protecting (SJF conserving). And they would if they could be magistrates watching over these forms of social facilitation. They are proud of themselves in the degree they are reliable in action, respect themselves in the degree they do good deeds, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are respectable. In search of security as they are the "Security Seeking Personality" -- trusting in legitimacy and hungering for membership. They are usually stoical about the present, pessimistic about the future, fatalistic about the past, and their preferred time and place is the past and the gateway. Educationally they go for commerce, avocationally for regulations, and vocationally for material work. They tend to be enculturating as parents, helpmates as spouses, and conformity oriented as children. There are even more Guardians than Artisans around, at least 40% and as many as 45% of the population.
Presidents George Washington and Harry S. Truman are examples of Guardians.
A full description of the Guardian is in Please Understand Me or Please Understand Me II
GUARDIANS: "SJ" (EPIMETHEAN) (Melancholic)
Art & Entertainment/Sports/Journalism/Literature
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Jimmy Stewart(ISFJ)
Fred McMurray
Ed Sullivan
Kareem Abul-Jabbar
Barbara Walters
Dan Rather
Mike Wallace
Thomas Hardy

Politics/Government/Military
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

George Washington (ESFJ)
Woodrow Wilson (ISTJ)
Harry S. Truman (ISTJ)
Jimmy Carter
Gerald Ford
George Bush (ISFJ)
Leonid Brezhnev (ESFJ)
Queen Elizabeth II (ISTJ)
Queen Victoria
General Colin Powell (ESTJ)
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

•
•
•

General Stonewall Jackson
General Omar Bradley
General Benard Montgomery(ESTJ)

Business/Industry/Finance
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

John D. Rockefeller (ISTJ)
Armond Hammer
J C Penny
F W Woolworth
William K Kellogg
Charles Post
Andrew Mellon
J. P. Morgan (Julius: ESTJ, Pierpont: ISFJ, Jack ISFJ)

Science/Education/Humanities/Philosophy/Religion
•
•
•

Brigham Young(ESTJ)
Thomas Hobbes
Mother Teresa(ISFJ)

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

Page 7 of 9

ARTISAN SPs, being CONCRETE in communicating and UTILITARIAN in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in TACTICAL VARIATION. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations are usually promoting and operating (SPT expediting), or displaying and composing (SPF improvising). And they would if they could be virtuosos of one of these forms artistic operation. Artisans are proud of themselves in the degree they are graceful in action, respect themselves in the degree they are daring, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are adaptable. This is the
"Sensation Seeking Personality" -- trusting in spontaneity and hungering for impact on others. They are usually hedonic about the present, optimistic about the future, cynical about the past, and their preferred time and place is the here and now.
Educationally they go for arts and crafts, avocationally for techniques, and vocationally for operations work. They tend to be permissive as parents, playmates as spouses, and play oriented as children. There are many Artisans to be found in many places where the action is, at least 35% and as many as 40% of the population.
A full description of the Artisan is in Please Understand Me or Please Understand Me II.
ARTISANS: "SP" (DIONYSIAN) (Sanguine)
Art & Entertainment/Sports/Journalism/Literature
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Elvis Presley (ESFP)
Elizabeth Taylor (ESFP)
Pablo Picasso (ESFP)
"Magic" Johnson (ESFP)
Madonna (ESTP)
Ernest Hemingway (ESTP)
F. Scott Fitzgerald (ESTP)
Norman Mailer
Hugh Hefner (ESTP)
Neil Simon (ISFP)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (ISFP)
Paul Gauguin (ISFP)
Johnny Carson (ISFP)
Mel Brooks (ISFP)
Jonathan Winters (ESFP)
Barbra Streisand (ISFP)
Clint Eastwood (ISTP)
Michael Jordan (ISTP)

Politics/Government/Military
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Franklin D. Roosevelt (ESTP)
Theodore Roosevelt (ESTP)
Winston Churchill (ESTP)
George S. Patton
Erwin Rommel
Charles XII of Sweden (ISTP)
Nikita Khrushchev
Boris Yeltzin

Business/Industry/Finance
•
•
•

John Paul Getty (ESTP)
Donald Trump
Charles Lindbergh (ISTP)

Science/Education/Humanities/Philosophy/Religion
•

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

IDEALIST NFs, being ABSTRACT in communicating and COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in DIPLOMATIC INTEGRATION. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations are usually teaching and counseling (NFJ mentoring), or conferring and tutoring (NFP advocating). And they would if they could be sages in one of these forms of social development. The Idealist temperament have an instinct for interpersonal integration, learn ethics with ever increasing zeal, sometimes become diplomatic leaders, and often speak interpretively and metaphorically of the abstract world of their imagination.
They are proud of themselves in the degree they are empathic in action, respect themselves in the degree they are benevolent, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are authentic. Idealist types search for their unique identity, hunger for deep and meaningful relationships, wish for a little romance each day, trust their intuitive feelings implicitly, aspire for profundity. This is the "Identity Seeking Personality" -- credulous about the future, mystical about the past, and their preferred time and place are the future and the pathway. Educationally they go for the humanities, avocationally for ethics, and vocationally for personnel work.
Social relationships: In their family interactions they strive for mutuality, provide spiritual intimacy for the mates, opportunity for fantasy for their children, and for themselves continuous self-renewal. Idealists do not abound, being as few as 8% and nor more than 10% of the population. A full description of the Idealist is in Please Understand Me or Please
Understand Me II.

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

Page 8 of 9

IDEALISTS: "NF" (APOLLONIAN) (Choleric)
Arts & Entertainment/Sports/Journalism/Literature

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Jane Fonda
Shirley MacLaine
Pearl S. Buck
Charlotte Bronte (ENFP)
Emily Bronte (INFP)
Emily Dickenson (INFJ)
Herman Hesse
Albert Camus
James Joyce
Leo Tolstoy
Ann Morrow Lindbergh (INFP)
Oliver Stone (ENFP)

Politics/Government/Military

•
•

Mohandas Gandhi (INFJ)
Eleanor Roosevelt (INFJ)

•
•
•
•
•
•

Leon Trotsky (ENFP)
Vladimir Lenin (ENFJ)
Mikhail Gorbachev (ENFJ)
Thomas Paine (ENFP)
Alexander Hamilton
Molly Brown "The Unsinkable" (ENFP)

Business/Industry/Finance
Science/Education/Humanities/Philosophy/Religion

•
•
•
•
•
•

Lord Alfred Russel Wallace
Siddhartha (Buddha)
Albert Schweitzer (INFP)
Carl Rogers (ENFP)
Soren Kierkegaard
Plato

RATIONAL NTs, being ABSTRACT in communicating and UTILITARIAN in implementing goals, can become highly skilled in STRATEGIC ANALYSIS. Thus their most practiced and developed intelligent operations tend to be marshalling and planning (NTJ organizing), or inventing and configuring (NTP engineering). And they would if they could be wizards in one of these forms of rational operation. They are proud of themselves in the degree they are competent in action, respect themselves in the degree they are autonomous, and feel confident of themselves in the degree they are strong willed. Ever in search of knowledge, this is the "Knowledge Seeking Personality" -- trusting in reason and hungering for achievement. They are usually pragmatic about the present, skeptical about the future, solipsistic about the past, and their preferred time and place are the interval and the intersection. Educationally they go for the sciences, avocationally for technology, and vocationally for systems work. Rationals tend to be individualizing as parents, mindmates as spouses, and learning oriented as children. Rationals are very infrequent, comprising as few as 5% and no more than 7% of the population.
A full description of the Rational is in Please Understand Me or Please Understand Me II.
RATIONALS : NT (PROMETHEAN)(Phlegmatic)
Arts & Entertainment/Sports/Journalism/Literature

•
•
•
•
•
•

Steve Allen
William F. Buckley
Ayn Rand (INTJ)
George Bernard Shaw (ENTJ)
Walt Disney (ENTP)
Mark Twain

Business/Industry/Finance

•
•
•
•

Bill Gates (ENTJ)
Steve Jobs (ENTP)
Buckminster Fuller (ENTP)
Thomas Edison (ENTP)

•
•

Steve Wozniak (INTP)
George Soros (INTP)

Politics/Government/Military

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Thomas Jefferson
Abraham Lincoln (INTP)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (INTJ)
Douglas MacArthur (ENTJ)
George Marshall (ENTJ)
Peter the Great (INTJ)
Margaret Thatcher (ENTJ)
Fredrick Douglass
Napoleon Bonaparte (ENTJ)
William Tecumsah Sherman (ENTJ)

*The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is copyrighted by David Keirsey from the book Please Understand Me and Please Understand Me II Copyrighted © 1978 David Keirsey.

THE KEIRSEY TEMPERAMENT SORTER*

Science/Education/Humanities/Philosophy/Religion

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Albert Einstein (INTP)
Richard Feynman (ENTP)
Ludwig Boltzmann
Nikola Tesla (ENTP)
Lise Meitner (INTJ)
Charles Darwin
David Hume
Friedrich Nietzsche
Adam Smith
Marie Curie
Booker T. Washington
Aristotle

Bibliography http://www.keirsey.com/ Page 9 of 9