...STUDY DONE ON “SCOPE OF PESA & ITS IMPLEMENTATION” AS RSP ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO: RAJSHREE NANCY R N P36145 PROF. MUKUL KUMAR SAYANI DATTA P36152 SHRISHTI GUPTA P36159 SHWETA MENON P36160 TRISHA KUMAR P36171 GROUP 2 SECTION B Background: The seventy third amendment act of 1992, was enacted by the Government of India to raise the status and dignity of the Panchayati Raj institutions. This act ensured that elections were conducted regularly, there was equal representation from the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women of the community and access to financial resources. The aim was to transform the Panchayati Raj into and institute of "self-governance". Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 or PESA was enacted to include all the scheduled areas that were excluded as part of the seventy third amendment act. The purpose of PESA was to extend the provisions present in Part IX of the constitution to the Fifth scheduled areas. Part IX of the constitution details the constitution, composition and powers of a panchayat. The fifth scheduled areas were present across nine states. The nine states were Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. The Bhuria Committee: In order to formulate PESA and recommend policies...
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...Next –Gen Financial Services-Automation in commerce PURSUING A WORLD OF MOBILE WALLETS * With India embracing internet banking, the dreams of financial inclusion has gone bolder .Mobile banking is set to become the new face of Indian commerce. * It is hoped that very soon a cell phone will allow you to show proof of identity and act as a store of money. * At some point, every cell phone user has received a message while withdrawing money from ATM or used the phone to book movie tickets. * There is lot more waiting to happen like mobile can be used to pay insurance premium and to pay grocer’s bill. * Government is viewing this revolution to provide financial inclusion at a macro level. * Mobile banking is expected to bring this vibrant dream right down to masses. The INDIAN STORY * India has found a confluence of favorable factors such as large mobile user base along with commenced Aadhaar project. * The government intends to make cash payments directly into the accounts of aadhaar beneficiaries. * So to serve all these account holders there is enough scope for intermediaries to come up with solutions and tools to educate these new users. * Services in local languages and offering varied conveniences may lead to early adoption of m-commerce. M-Commerce Efficiency * There is much efficiency to be earned by converting a cash economy into an electronic economy. * Huge costs are involved in the back-end of a cash economy. Example-A...
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...About M-Pesa Kenya stepped into the arena of mobile money transfer services in 2007 through the successful launch of M-PESA by Safaricom1, a mobile network operator (MNO) (Mas and Radcliffe, 2010). Safaricom is the leading mobile network operator (MNO) in Kenya, and an affiliate of Vodafone Group- a British multinational telecommunications company. The mobile phone acts as both a wallet and a bank account. Kenya’s M-PESA is not the first mobile money deployment; however its rate of adoption has been unprecedented. The first sustainable mobile money system was launched by Smart Money, in 2001, in the Philippines. Based on an exchange rate of $/KES 85. M-PESA is a mobile payments system that allows users to make financial transactions such as deposits, withdrawals, bill payments, remittances, and purchase of goods and services by using a mobile phone,2 without requiring a bank account, internet connection, or a payment card. ‘M’ is an acronym for ‘mobile’ and ‘Pesa’ is a Kiswahili word that translates to ‘money’; M-PESA therefore translates to ‘mobile money’. Within 4 years of its launch, M-PESA attained over 15 million service users thus enabling millions of unbanked Kenyans, the majority of whom reside in rural areas, to have access to a 24-hour financial service system. The exceptional growth of M-PESA mobile money service in Kenya since its introduction has spurred a wave of mobile money service deployments across and beyond the African continent.3 Today, Kenya...
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...Sistema Internacional De Unidades Nombre de la alumna: Selene Rodríguez Medina Nombre del profesor: Martin Galván Metrología Fecha: 21 de septiembre del 2013 Sistema Internacional de Medidas El Sistema Internacional de Unidades, abreviado SI, también denominado sistema internacional de medidas, es el sistema de unidades más extensamente usado. Junto con el antiguo sistema métrico decimal, que es su antecedente y que ha mejorado, el SI también es conocido como sistema métrico, especialmente en las naciones en las que aún no se ha implantado para su uso cotidiano. Fue creado en 1960 por la Conferencia General de Pesas y Medidas, que inicialmente definió seis unidades físicas básicas o fundamentales. En 1971 fue añadida la séptima unidad básica, el mol. El Sistema Internacional de Unidades está formado hoy por dos clases de unidades: unidades básicas o fundamentales y unidades derivadas. Unidades básicas El Sistema Internacional de Unidades consta de siete unidades básicas, también denominadas unidades fundamentales. De la combinación de las siete unidades fundamentales se obtienen todas las unidades derivadas. Magnitud física fundamental | Unidad básica o fundamental | Símbolo | Observaciones | Longitud | metro | m | Se define en función de la velocidad de la luz | Masa | kilogramo | kg | No se define como 1.000 gramos | Tiempo | segundo | s | Se define en función del tiempo atómico | Intensidad de corriente eléctrica | amperio o ampere | A | Se...
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...how conservative DayTraderJournal purchasers are, we recommend that this price is slightly reduced from $8,400 to $6,800 (profit-sharing becomes reduced to 78/22) for two Tronn/PESA bundles, to provide an equal acquisition cost of four Zinc servers. Even though two Tronn/PESA bundles provide twice as much capacity and significantly less possession costs, we believe that DayTraderJournal purchasers, who are most concerned about acquisition costs, DayTraderJournal purchasers will be turned off by a price that’s higher than the perceived competition’s ($6,800). Because the high value that the Tronn/PESA bundle provides is difficult to convey, the initial cost of the bundle should be reduced. Once Atlantic’s market share in the basic server industry becomes larger and the Tronn/PESA value is fully recognized by consumers, we believe that Atlantic can and should increase the price. Even though we propose a Value-In-Use Pricing of 78/22 (78% of the savings is passed on to the customer and 22% is kept by Atlantic), Atlantic still maintains a good profit margin of roughly 70% while saving the customer $6,000 (or 32%) of the possession cost of a similar offering. Additionally, this pricing strategy could bolster Atlantic’s image of being responsible and ethical once customers understand that two Tronn/PESA bundles provide the processing capacity of eight Zinc servers, yet Atlantic charged a 50% reduction in price. Further, the decreased possession cost of this package will confirm...
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...ATLANTIC COMPUTER: A Bundle of Pricing Options Case# 4, Donny Hamilton June 29th, 2014 ATLANTIC COMPUTER: A Bundle of Pricing Options Case# 4, Donny Hamilton June 29th, 2014 Problem Definition: We need to develop a pricing strategy for our ‘Atlantic Bundle’ – the new Tronn Server and the PESA (Performance Enhancing Server Accelerator) software before the SME trade show.ATLANTIC COMPUTER: A Bundle of Pricing Options Case# 4, Donny Hamilton June 29th, 2014 ATLANTIC COMPUTER: A Bundle of Pricing Options Case# 4, Donny Hamilton June 29th, 2014 Basic Server Market Details: * Advent of Internet: Need of low end Performance servers or Basic Servers * Collection of these basic servers could support a company’s website * Market Demand expected to be 50,000 unit in 2001 Product: * Tronn: Server developed to cater to the Basic Server Market * We will bundle the products together! Alternative Development: Competitors: * Major Competitor: Ontario Computer Inc. * Low End Server Zink, currently 50% markets share in the basic server market * Majority Sales were generated online * Zink’s server performed at approximately the same level as Tronn’s * Rest of competitors were Local Vendors Key Factors Influencing the Pricing Strategy: * Status Quo Pricing: Matzer believed that as per the company’s traditional Software, should be given for free with the purchase of the hardware * Cost Plus Pricing: According to Matzer’s...
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...(2009048) Case Issue Develop a pricing strategy for ¶Atlantic bundle· - the new Tronn server and the PESA (Performance Enhancing Server Accelerator) software tool before SME trade show Company Overview y y Atlantic Computers is a manufacturer of Servers and High-tech products Jason Jowers joined the Company four months back and he was responsible for the pricing strategy of the ´Atlantic Bundleµ i.e (A package of the Tronn server and PESA software tool) y The Tronn was developed mainly f or the emerging US market opportunity for basic web servers y The ´Performance Enhancing Server Acceleratorµ (PESA) would allow Tronn to perform four times faster than its usual speed for standard procedures and hence the bundling made sense y y Existence of 2 market segments - High Performance and Basic Servers Atlantic has 20% market share in High Performance Servers with Radia being premier product over 30 years y y An emerging market for basic servers is coming up in the late 1990s Decided to introduce the Basic server into the market by 2000 with the belief that it won·t be seen as a substitute of the High Performance Servers Advantages of PESA & Tronn PESA ² will improve Tronn speed by 4 times Need to purchase fewer servers Lower annual electricity charges Less software licensing fee Less labor costs Customer segments which will gain advantage by using PESA ² Customers in web server & file sharing application segments y y y y y y Two market segments ...
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...extension of the marketing mix which was traditionally for products (Bhasin, 2014). As services came more into the picture it was seen that the 4p’s could not justify the marketing mix. Bhasin further reports that the extended marketing mix was brought forward by adding the following 3 elements: Process, Physical evidence and People to make the 7P’s. These 3 more elements were necessary to explain the marketing of services. Therefore this extended marketing mix is also known as the service marketing mix. The marketing mix and extended marketing mix can be illustrated as below; Fig 1. Source (Bhasin, 2014) SAFARICOM M-PESA SERVICE In this case we take Safaricom money transfer service, M-PESA as an example to discuss the marketing mix and the extended marketing mix. 1. PRODUCT Product refers to the goods and services offered to customers. M-PESA is an innovative mobile money transfer solution that enables you to send...
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...contained the Tronn server and its corresponding software, the PESA. After an initial marketing meeting with a few key players, Jowers had input from the head of the server division (Matzer), the director of the division’s R&D team (Jones), and the director of new product marketing (Fowler). In addition, Jowers also needs to take into consideration the thoughts of the sales department, lead by Jairo Cadena. Atlantic’s biggest competitor is Ontario Computer, Inc, which is a cost cutter in the industry, and Atlantic Computer needs to bear in mind the customers and products that Ontario is after as well. Problem Identification Jowers was faced with a challenge of recommending a right price for the new bundle that Atlantic was planning to launch. According to the Tronn performance test results, he knew that one Tronn server equipped with the PESA tool was equivalent to four Zink (competitor’s basic server). This, among other things, made Jowers’ decision extremely difficult. Jowers had four options in front of him. 1. Continue the company tradition of charging for the server and provide the PESA tool for free 2. Charge a price equivalent to four Zink servers 3. Charge a marked-up price based on development cost of PESA tool 4. Charge a price based on value-in-pricing Situation Analysis Continuing with the company’s tradition would mean that the price of the bundle would not include the R&D costs of developing the PESA tool. Charging the price equivalent of four Zink servers...
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...Server Accelerator (PESA) allows Tronn to perform four times faster than its usual speed for standard procedures * Atlantic has 20% market share in High Performance Servers with Radia * Two Tronn servers equivalent to four Zink servers Decision to be made: * The management team needs to decide the pricing strategy for the Atlantic Bundle: Tronn&PESA Alternatives and Pros&Cons: Alternatives: | Pros: | Cons: | Result: | Status quo pricing | * Keep the tradition, which will offer the PESA for free * Two Tronn will be priced at $4,000 | * Lose the $2 million R&D cost on PESA * PESA will be viewed invaluable to the customers * Customers will then view no substantial difference between the Tronn and Zink servers | Not a good decision | Competition based pricing | * Two Tronn will be $6,800 since one Zink server is $1,700 and two Tronn is equivalent to four Zinks * Most Profit per unit | * Customers would view as getting less hardware with the same prices * Does not make the bundle a unique product | Not a good decision | Cost plus pricing | * Make the PESA valuable * Two Tronn will be priced at $4,492 in compare to $6,800 of Zinks' (See Exhibit One) | * Some customers may view it $1,092 more expensive than getting 2 Zink servers * Further justification from customers will be necessary * Less profit in compare to value-in-use pricing | Not- so-good decision | Value in use pricing | * Make the PESA valuable * Two...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MOBILE BANKING: THE IMPACT OF M-PESA IN KENYA Isaac Mbiti David N. Weil Working Paper 17129 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17129 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 June 2011 We are grateful to Taryn Dinkelman, John Driscoll, Frederik Eijkman, James Habyarimana, Stephen Mwaura, Benno Ndulu, Pauline Vaughn, Dean Yang and seminar participants at Tulane University and the NBER Africa Success Conference for helpful comments and suggestions. Emilio Depetris Chauvin, Federico Droller, Richard Amwayi Namolo, Angeline Nguyen, Scott Weiner and Jingjing Ye provided superb research assistance. We are grateful to the Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) Trust of Kenya and Pep Intermedius for providing us with data. Financial support for this research was graciously provided by the NBER Africa Success Project. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2011 by Isaac Mbiti and David N. Weil. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Mobile Banking: The Impact of M-Pesa in Kenya Isaac Mbiti and David N. Weil NBER Working Paper No. 17129 June 2011 JEL No. E40,O16,O33 ABSTRACT M-Pesa is a mobile phone based money transfer system in Kenya which grew at a blistering...
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...Recommended charge for PESA Harware as a Service (HaaS): 280 USD/month for 3 years contract. 4. For sales force new motivation package, 10% commission from every sold server and 5% from monthly fee/ month. 1. Problem statement: Jason Jowers has to develop a pricing strategy for the new Tronn server and the PESA software before the SME trade show. Server Market Overview: ● ● ● High Performance Servers ○ For Complex Applications ○ Next year marker potential 200.000 units ○ 3%/year Growth possibilities. ○ Atlantic Computer has a 20% market share. Basic servers ○ For single task, without the need of high computing performance ○ Next year market potential 50.000 units ○ Growth potential 36% till 2003 Competitor ○ Ontario Computer Inc. ZINK server is a main brand in the low end market On-line sales Low prices Company Overview: Atlantic Computer is a producer of High Performing Servers Jason Jowers joined AC four months ago and his main task is to develop the pricing strategy of the new Tronn Server with PESA support. Tronn is developed for low end market. PESA (Performance Enhancer Server Accelerator) is a software tool that was developed to allow Tronn to perform 4 times faster than normal servers like ZINK The server division focus on the hardware traditionally, the sales force historically given away software for free. Practice to use the cost plus pricing method based this Tronn price is 2000 USD. Main customer segment for Tronn and PESA combination is the web...
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...Acceptance of M-Pesa by all to minimize poverty By: Carlos Mbingo Maundu REG NO. 111/04937 Date:14-10-2014 1. Problem Statement The purpose of this report is to identify the effect that M-Pesa has on the living standards of the people living in Kenya 2. Justification of the study One may expect alternative money transfer methods of different money channeling systems to differ in their efficacy in achieving different goals. Several reports have suggested that since the inception of mobile money transfer, poverty has significantly dropped in Kenya. This findings needed to be carefully interpreted and the accompanying prove of the statement justified. The establishment of M-Pesa in Kenya has usually been regarded as the best means of ensuring that the of Safaricom subscribers can easily transfer money safely from their mobile gadget to another and also carry out transactions like payment of bills electronically. The review of available literature also does not give a precise arid uniform picture about the performance of M-Pesa system in minimizing poverty relative to other money channeling systems. The current state of knowledge about the structure and performance of alternative forms money channeling systems in Kenya thus clearly warrants further investigations, and it was against this background that the present study was undertaken. 3. Hypothesis The basic hypothesis is that poverty can be significantly lowered by increasing the use of M-Pesa services within...
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...to enter the Basic server market competing with Ontario Computer, Inc. Competitor’s basic server called Zink has the 50% of the market share in the Basic Server segment. Atlantic Computer hired Jason Jowers recently and he is responsible for the pricing strategy of the ‘Atlantic Bundle’ i.e (A package of the Tronn server and PESAsoftware tool) The Tronn was developed mainly for the emerging US market opportunity for Basic Server Market. The ‘Performance Enhancing Server Accelerator’ (PESA) would allow Tronn to perform four times faster than its usual speed for standard speed. Atlantic Computer wants to sell the two products as a bundle calling it ‘The Atlantic Bundle’. According to the Beta tests done by Atlantic Computer, it was confirmed that PESA allowed their low-end servers to perform up to four times faster than their standard speedwhen loaded with PESA software tool meaning a business customer would achieve the same level of performance out of one Tronn server loaded with PESA as four basic servers. This would be a key strategy in marketing. There are other advantages to having the ‘Atlantic Bundle’ such as since there would not be a need for 4 servers this would result in lower...
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...two described types of servers are totally different and have different functions, they will have different market shares and I believe that there will be no cannibalization. In order to make a wise decision, it is important for the company to identify not only who the new customers will be but also what their needs are. Companies need a basic computer server that allows them to perform simple, repeatable tasks. To satisfy these needs, Atlantic is considering adding to the Trunn a software tool called PESA (Performance Enhancing Server Accelerator), which would allow the Trunn to perform up to four times faster than a standard basic server. According to the results of an internal performance testing made by Atlantic on July 2000, where the Trunn was run with and without the PESA, it was found that the least complex application servers (file sharing and web servers) performed better with the PESA. For this reason, I consider that Atlantic must introduce the Trunn with the PESA to the new target market (customers in the web-server and...
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