PGC | Philippine Government & Constitution Prelims Reviewer THE CONCEPT OF STATE  State o o Community of persons more or less numerous in number occupying the definite territory with government free of external control Elements:  People  A state can’t be a state without rational beings  World is governed by laws of men  People determines the law that can be applied  Laws in this context: Laws of men ; not laws of nature  Law: Law is ordinance of reason promulgated by the authority for the common good o 4 elements  Reason  Rule of action  Anything that governs us is of reason  Promulgated/Promulgation o Act of making o Informing others of the law o Congress is mandated/required to publish laws  By the authority  Congress makes the law  Everything that we do is provided by the congress  National in scope  Local scope: mini-congress o Ordinance: available only to the place where official is elected  Ordinance  For the common good  Majority: 50%+1  Territory  Not limited to the land  Pertains to the land, water, sea and air  Countr has exclusive power and right  If you’ll go to the other country, you’ll pay  You have to know your territory o As a sovereign people, you are free to go to your territory without asking permission  Government



Agent of state ; not the actual state Forms of government o Monarchial  Run by royalties  Saudi, Brunei, Bahrain, UAE  The King and Queen has actual powers  Note: England is not a monarchial country ; the establishment of king & queen there is ceremonial only o Parliamentary  Makes law  Run by a prime minister  Provinces will elect members of parliament  Members of parliament will choose prime minister  In this context, anytime they can change a prime minister o Presidential  The act of directly choosing a leader Sovereignty  Capability of a country to decide on its own in running its business 