...19/11/2013 ASSIGNMENT 3 SECTION 1: RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE Courier pharmacy in South Africa, a study into the viability of courier pharmacies in the South African market. KEYWORDS South Africa, Courier pharmacy, South African pharmacy act 1974, Good pharmacy practice, Post office strikes, Road fright strikes, Cold chain management, Retail pharmacies, Medicine. ASSIGNMENT 4 During the last decade or more the pharmaceutical environment in South Africa has changed dramatically. Laws that governed the ownership of pharmacies was changed making it possible for anybody to own a pharmacy, laws was passed that governed the pricing of medication making medicine more affordable to all the people of South Africa. Pharmacy in South Africa has always been characterised by two distinct legs from which patients could get their medication. During the last couple of years a new form of pharmacy appeared in South Africa, the courier pharmacy model makes use of courier companies to deliver medication to the patient. With mottos such as “anywhere, any place and any time” and “nowhere is to far” courier pharmacies promises patient that they will deliver their medication to them at the patient’s convenience. Medical aids tend to favour these models because they offer advantages to the schemes that retail and hospital pharmacies are not able to offer. Some of these advantages include reporting on drug usage, prescribing habits of doctors and...
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...Executive Summary One of the main challenges facing independent pharmacies is competition from larger chain pharmacies and mail order services. Apex Care Pharmacy is an independent pharmacy seeking to become more competitive with chain retailers and increase revenue by partnering with Mental Healthcare facilities. Market research has revealed that client intake at these Mental Health facilities has spiked in recent years with an average of 150 clients per facility. Obtaining business from these facilities would be a tremendous opportunity for Apex to increase customer volume and company revenue. Deliverables for this project include establishing a long-term partnership with at least three Mental Healthcare facilities. This endeavor will also increase pharmacy revenue by servicing the monthly medication needs of facility clients. Since Apex is a relatively small establishment, the project team will consist of the Project Manager who is the Pharmacy Owner, the Pharmacy Manager, the Marketing Representative, the Pharmacist, and the Pharmacy Techs. The Project Manager will oversee the entire project and serve as the final decision maker on all project details. The Marketing Rep will locate and recruit Mental Healthcare facilities, the Pharmacy Manager will handle administrative aspects, the Pharmacist will process and fill client prescriptions, and the Pharmacy Techs will support the Pharmacist in these tasks. The project will consist of a three phase process....
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...The first job market qualification sought by potential employer is Baptist south medical center in the pharmacy. The employer is seeking education of a high school diploma or equivalent, registration with the board of pharmacy, and license with the state board of pharmacy of Alabama. Some knowledge, skills, and abilities include: Evidence of commitment to continuing education towards Certified Technician Program. Proficient in needed pharmaceutical calculations and the metric system The second employer is Walgreens. Their pharmacy technicians receive some of the best hands-on training in the industry, learning and working alongside dedicated and compassionate professionals. In fact, the Walgreens Pharmacy Technician Training Program is accredited...
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...A. Sievers Professor: Joe McGirt Strayer University LEG 500 12/01/2014 Research three to five issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question. There are many issue’s relating to advertising, intellectual property and regulation in today's workplaces. All phases of marketing and advertising mix are subject to laws and limitations. Every marketing supervisor will be faced with how they must discuss ethics and law when marketing their products. Any marketing manager understands that there are cut and dry solutions to ethical issues that will occur during the normal course of business (Pharmaceuticals, n.d.). The Bureau of Consumer Protection’s places everything in perspective that all communication in the United States must be truthful. The Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC) looks for dishonesty and deception towards customers that try to change their decision to purchase medications. FTC monitors truth-in-advertising laws especially with kids, but there have been a lot of immoral practices in advertisements over time. The most moral decision is not to promote to children but in this case to the parent. Children's ad urges children to get dependent on products that induce on social development (Media, 2004). Cigarette advertising is matched to marketing consumers for distinct programming while alcohol advertising is allowed on all television channels...
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...Ethical and Legal Issues in Pharmacy Name HCA322 Instructor December 16, 2013 Back in the 1990’s, the baby boomer generation stepped into their middle age years. Since it is not uncommon for people to begin having health issues at this age, there became a larger demand for healthcare services, and a huge demand for more prescription medications. The demand that was placed on the pharmaceutical industry brought about an urgent need for the teaching of professional ethics in schools of pharmacy. The measures taken in response to this demand were very necessary as the public now places such high expectations on pharmaceutical professionals, and rightfully so. They have access to both lifesaving and life-ending drugs and they possess knowledge that the common person finds intimidating. Patients feel a sense of vulnerability with all of the aspects involved with the industry that they may not understand such as the electronic transmission of information, electronic records, e-scripts, delivery and the complexity of health interventions, along with legal limitations, the many different medical specializations and the sharp rise in the use of generic pharmaceuticals (Klepser, et. al., 2008) It is possible that a pharmaceutical professional may find themselves in vulnerable positions as well, feeling trapped between their own personal ethics and the liabilities placed on them by their profession. They may find themselves sometime questioning as to whether they can fully uphold...
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...Business Research Ethics RES/351 Business Research Business Research Ethics Lawsuits were filed against CVS Caremark pharmacies for disclosing patient information in the interest of financial gain. The first lawsuit was filed on March 7, 2011, for “unauthorized disclosure of protected health information constituted an unfair trade practice (Hunton & Williams LLP, 2011, p. 1 p. 1).” The second lawsuit charged CVS Caremark pharmacy with “racketeering under the federal RICO law, trade secret misappropriation and violations of the HIPAA privacy Act (Goedert, 2010, p. 14 p. 3).” The following information will explain what unethical research behavior was involved, who the injured parties were, how the unethical behavior affected CVS Caremark pharmacy, and how the unethical behavior could have been avoided or resolved. The results of the information will demonstrate that moral judgment is skewed when combining ethical decisions with financial gain. CVS Caremark extracts personal patient and pharmacy data to isolate patient demographic information, drug history, medical providers, health behavior, health plan benefits and the patient preference of communication without obtaining patient permission (Goedert, 2010). This data provides CVS Caremark marketing department the ability to contact patients and physicians in effort to change their prescription habits to financially benefit CVS Caremark’s bottom-line. CVS Caremark sent letters to the patient’s physicians to encourage...
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...Historic Drug Store William Murphy Lakewood College Abstract This paper explores the article, “The Historic Drugstore,” published by the William A. Soderland, Sr. Pharmacy Museum, sponsored by Soderlund Village Drug that examines the evolution of the American drug store with particular emphasis on the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The pharmacy museum is located at Soderlund Village Drug in downtown St. Peter, Minnesota and provides a unique perspective about the history of the drug store. A Brief Analysis: The Historic Drug Store The drug store, as we know it today, is quite uniquely an American concept. According to Soderlund Village Drug (2004), beyond offering traditional pharmaceutical goods, drug stores were a driving force for community action, social gastronomies and related human interactions. Explained in great detail by Joseph Fink (2012), during the early 1800's a group of concerned Philadelphia based apothecaries met to discuss the declining trade environment and ways to enhance scientific standards to protect public safety and welfare, as well as to provide improved competency levels of training for apprentices and students within the industry. The result of this meeting was the establishment of the first college to train pharmacists in the United States known as the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and a prescient foretelling of changes to come. There are two main contenders in the first drugstore in America game. The first claim is attributed to a drug store...
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...ever growing field of pharmacy. People assume when it comes to pharmacy it’s a guy or a girl that stands behind a counter, counts pills all day, and sells them, there is actually way more to it. Pharmacy is a very dynamic field of study it’s not just someone who stand behind a counter all day, there are different types of pharmacy careers all over the country such as ambulatory care, nuclear, and of course the retail pharmacist. I will go into more detail about each of these later on in the paper, but first I want to explain and give you an idea of what it takes to be a pharmacist and show you the positive and negative aspects of the field. What it takes to be a Pharmacist, depending on where you apply to pharmacy school you’re going to run into different styles of prepharm curriculum. What I mean is some schools might require a 2 year associate degree while others may require a 4 year bachelor’s degree of Chemistry or Biology. One thing that you will run into with all Pharmacy schools though is a PCAT, which stand for Pharmacy College Admittance Test (AACP). This is a test brought around in 1974 to help eliminate student who are more likely to fail out with in the first year of Pharmacy College; the average score of acceptance for a PCAT fluctuates from school to school (PCAT). Once someone has made it through perquisites of pharmacy and successfully entered pharmacy school, they are going to spend at least 4-5 years of professional school. Pharmacy school is split up into...
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...A few years ago PharmaCARE’s study showed the AD23 would also slow the advancement of Alzheimer’s disease. This led John and the other pharmacologists that he led to reformulate the drug to capitalize on its outcome. To evade the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) inspection, PharmaCARE founded an exclusively held company, CompCARE, to function as a compounding pharmacy. This company would retail the new invention to people by prescription only. CompCARE profited from PharmaCARE’s standing, records, systems, and trades and marketing skill, and within several months the health community was talking about AD23. Response was good, mainly amongst Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs patients. Realizing the chance to get additional income, CompCARE started marketing AD23 straight to customers and promoting AD23 right to clinics, hospitals, and physician offices, although compounding pharmacies are not allowed to market medicines in large qualities for common use. To dodge this provision, CompCARE pushed doctors to give them fabricated patient names. As time passed, PharmaCARE sold CompCARE to WellCo, a big pharmacy company, a little while before AD23 was connected to over 200 heart attack deaths. CompCARE and its new establishment revel in best ever earnings and PharmaCARE’s stock price came close to 300 dollars per share. Individuals who used AD23 appeared to be having cardiac arrest at a...
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...information about their cures, the company exploits them by not compensating them for their shared knowledge. According to labor laws, companies should work ethically and treat all of their employees fair -- not equal, but fair. Some employees, based on their position and level of responsibility, should be paid more and should receive better perks than others. However, the company is earning millions of dollars from the knowledge being shared by the healers, and its executives live in luxury with swimming pools, tennis courts, and a golf course, while the Colberians continue to live in huts without electricity or running water. If the company compensated the healers for their intellectual property, the Colberians could improve their living conditions. PharmaCARE is taking advantage of this group of stakeholders because the healers are uneducated, ignorant to intellectual property laws, and do not know the true value of the information they are sharing with PharmaCARE. According to authors S.C. Jain and R. Bird, the Trade-Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is considered the most relevant intellectual property treaty, and nations that have signed on must treat foreign intellectual property rights holders the same as domestic ones (2008, p. 7). Yet, PharmaCARE failed to compensate the healers of Africa in the manner required by U.S. laws. Next, let us look at the relationship between the executives and the rank-and-file workers. Under...
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...Merrills’ defines ethics as: * Ethics is the systematic study of what is right and good with respect to conduct and character. * The beliefs and behaviors to which members of the profession subscribe. * A critical evaluation of assumptions and arguments. * A discussion about what ought to be done or ought not to be done. Using Merrill’s’ definitions as a rough guide we can evaluate the legal and ethical decisions of PharmaCARE’s use of the diabetic drug AD23 in slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The drug was reformulated to maximize its effect on Alzheimer’s treatment however, PharmaCARE took actions to avoid the Food and Drug Administration in the reformulated drug for Alzheimer. PharmaCARE setup its own pharmacy company CompCARE to sell the new formulation to the public. CompCARE was able to take advantage of PharmaCARE’s databases, networks, and sales and marketing expertise to create a high demand of the product. Once the high demand was there, CompCARE started to advertise AD23 directly to consumers and marketing the drug directly to hospitals, clinics and physicians. After the success of AD23 CompCARE was sold to WellCO. Two weeks later AD23 was linked to 200 cardiac deaths. Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question. Multinational Corporations have grown to the point...
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...University of Phoenix ACC/561PR Prof Rafael Marrero Diaz November 26, 2014 Accounting Laws Memo To: Rafael Rodriguez From Carlos Carrion Pastrana – Business Consultant Re: Process and Laws that apply in Puerto Rico to establish a business corporation. It is a pleasure to help and guide you through the process of regulations and steps in establishing a community pharmacy in Puerto Rico. This type of business is very regulated and includes both state and federal laws. -The first thing that must be done is to get incorporated in the Department of State in accordance with the corporations law 164 of 2009 with a company name that is not registered yet and offering a physical address into which municipality will be the headquarters. Then a business social security issued by the Department of Treasury Internal Revenue Services must be obtained. This number will identify the corporation when doing business among other business and when paying taxes to the state and municipality. -A merchant registry number (registro de comerciante) must be obtained also by the department of treasury, here you will specify the exact mailing and physical address and what type of business will be conducted under that corporation. Additional documents are needed: * Lease Contract * Use Permit (Obtained in the municipality if it is autonomous, if not in OGP offices) and is granted by ARPE * Fire Department endorsement (Extinguishers and emergency exits) *...
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...can cause the public. Especially when the elderly began focusing on what is being said. “The PhRMA “Guiding Principles” say that DTC ads should foster responsible communications between patients and health care professionals to help patients achieve better health.” (Stange, K.C., 2007). However, manipulating the public by distributing placebos to one group of people and the actual drug to another group of people is a bad way of communication. People who are on the state boards regulate compounding but the federal also has a part in it. According to Roth, “The FDA’s Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) is working to monitor the schemes that have been going on with the compounding pharmacies.” Even though the FDA is aware of how law resources are needed, and how to direct the compounding pharmacy industries, I believe that they should be more involved when it comes to compounding medication due all of the meningitis cases that are arising. Companies are still challenging the FDA right to conduct an inspection of their facilities and also full access to their records. When states and some consumers reach out to the FDA for assistance, I believe that they should be able to work...
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...University Prescriber writing errors happen in all forms, places and types. From what the medical staff thinks, the prescriber has prescribed and calls in to the local retail pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, or even the in house pharmacies: adding that the pharmacy processing these uncorrected prescriptions that end up getting to patients. If someone does not catch these errors whether it is the pharmacist, being asked by the patient, why there receiving this drug, because they thought doctor said something else. Therefore, the pharmacist may check it. In a hospital, setting a nurse may look at a chart and question the drug, and call and verify. However, many times no one questions it until the patient has a reaction, or what he or she are being treated for gets worse. Along with communicating with the prescribers, their offices, hospitals, patients, pharmacists also have to be up to date on the all laws, federal and state, and be watchful for those that try to fill fraudulent or altered scripts. Research suggests that there would be significant benefits if all prescribers would follow the same procedures for writing prescriptions, such as using computer generate prescriptions or E-scribe, because there would be a decrease in prescription writing errors, pharmacy mistakes and prescription fraud. Pharmacies call prescribers offices to clarify prescriptions information, on average 150 million times yearly. That’s what makes E-prescribing a valuable tool, it would monitor for...
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...Social Responsibility The concept of social responsibility had been in existence in the corporate world. Businesses and firms have a responsibility to the society in which they prevail and operate. It is their obligation to give back to the community where they are sustained. Such giving back or supporting the community in some form is the social responsibility action of the enterprise. The giving back to the community may be as financial support, promoting the community through opportunities to develop, making the society safer through eco-friendly strategies and keeping the business profitably sustained in the community so that the society ultimately benefit from the business one way or another. The concept of social responsibility has changed a lot in recent years, expanding beyond an act of charity to the society. It is now the consideration of people, planet and profit. People are now concerned not only with the product but also with the methods of production. How the manufacturing practices of a firm in bringing out a consumer product affect the planet and people is of significance for today’s society. That has become the focus of social responsibility of manufacturers, businesses and other corporations. How the society as a whole is benefited or affected, is looked upon carefully. Business enterprises and manufacturing companies can longer act in vacuum any more. Their actions in a multitude of ways affect the society and the impact whether positive or negative is weighed...
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