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HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES
Prof. Francis R. Capule
Department of Pharmacy U.P. College of Pharmacy

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Endocrine System

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE

Pharmacological Applications
• replacement therapy for deficiency states • antagonists for diseases that result from excess production of pituitary hormones • diagnostic tools for identifying several endocrine abnormalities

HORMONE Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) HORMONE Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

CLINICAL USE Used rarely to diagnose hyperor hypothyroidism Used rarely to distinguish Cushing's disease from ectopic ACTH secretion Used rarely as a diagnostic test for GH responsiveness DIAGNOSTIC USE In patients who have been treated surgically for thyroid carcinoma In patients suspected of adrenal insufficiency & congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Anterior Pituitary & Hypothalamic Hormone Receptors
All of these hormones act through G protein-coupled receptors except GH & prolactin, which act through JAK/STAT receptors.

Growth Hormone

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
• somatotropin • most plentiful anterior pituitary hormone • stimulates liver, muscle, cartilage, bone & other tissues to synthesize & secrete insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
IGF-1 or somatomedin C IGF-2

IGFs
• promote:
growth of body cells protein synthesis tissue repair lipolysis elevation of blood glucose concentration

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH)
Somatropin • identical with the predominant native form of hGH Somatrem

rhGH
Somatropin injectable suspension • long-acting preparation of rhGH enclosed within microspheres • rhGH is released over about 1 month

MOA
• GH mediates its effects via cell surface receptors of the JAK/STAT cytokine receptor

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